Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Introduction

In this exercise, you perform a linear stress analysis of a lower

control arm using the following process:

 Set Femap Preferences to use millimeters as the Geometry

Scale Factor and to use the extended metal alloy material
database and other settings.

 Import a Parasolid solid.

 Assign a material and a property to the control arm.

 Apply Constraints and Loads to the geometry.

 Mesh the control arm.

 Create an Analysis Set and submit to NX Nastran to complete

the analysis.

 Display the results.

The preferences and units used in this exercise are:

Solid Geometry Scale Factor: Millimeters
Force: N
Pressure: MPa
Density: Tonne / mm3

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Step 1: Start Femap and Set Preferences

Start Femap.

 From either a desktop icon, or from the Windows Start menu,

select the icon for Femap v11.

Close the Data Table and the Program File panes.

 From the Panes toolbar, click the Data Table and Program
File icons as shown below.

By clicking these icons, you have executed the Tools, Data

Table and Tools, Programming, Program File commands.

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Close and open toolbars.

 Select the command, Tools, Toolbars, Customize.

You can also right-click in an area near one of the docked

toolbars and select Customize from the context-sensitive
menu.

 In the Customize dialog box, select the Toolbars tab.

 Scroll to the bottom of the Toolbars: list and uncheck the

boxes for both the SAToolkit and TMG Panel toolbars. This
action will close these toolbars.

 Scroll up in the list and check the box for the View Orient
toolbar to open it. Drag the toolbar to a preferred position.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Set your Femap preferences for the correct Geometry Scale

Factor.
The Geometry Scale Factor is number of length units per meter
used by Parasolid.

 Select the command, File, Preferences.

 In the Preferences dialog box, select the Geometry/Model

tab.

 Under the Geometry Preferences option group, set the

Geometry Scale Factor to Millimeters.

 Click OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Step 2: Import the solid geometry of the lower control arm.

Import a Parasolid geometry file of the Lower Control Arm.

 Click the Import Geometry icon on the Main toolbar.

By clicking this icon, you have executed the File, Import,

Geometry command.

 In the Geometry File to Import dialog box, navigate to the

class Geometry folder and select the Parasolid file (.x_t file
extension) ex1-LowerControlArm.x_t.

 Click Open to import the Parasolid file.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 In the Solid Model Read Options dialog box, click OK to

read in the lower control arm. The value for the Geometry
Scale Factor should be the same as the Geometry Scale
Factor you set for Femap’s preference (1000).

 Click OK to import the geometry.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Your Femap model should appear similar to the following

(you will have a dark gradient background).

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Save the model.

 Click the Save Model icon on the Model toolbar to execute

the File, Save command.

 In the File, Save As dialog box, navigate up one folder to

select the Exercises folder.

 Enter Ex1-LowerControlArm as the name of the Femap

model file. The .modfem extension for Femap models will
be automatically appended to the name.

 Click Save to complete saving the Femap model file.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Step 3: Create and assign the material and property to the part.

Create an aluminum material.

 In the Model Info pane, expand the Model tree by clicking

the + icon to the left of Model in the tree.

 Right-click Materials and select New from the context-

sensitive menu. This is the same action as selecting the
command, Model, Material.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 In the Define Material – ISOTROPIC dialog box, enter the

values for the Title, Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio,
Tension (Limit Stress) and Mass Density as shown in the
table below.

Dialog Box Field Value

Title Aluminum

Young’s Modulus,
68950
E

Poisson’s Ratio, nu 0.33

(Limit Stress)
225
Tension

Mass Density 2.71e-9

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 Click OK in the Define Material dialog box to complete

creating the material.

 Since the Femap preference to Autorepeat Create

Commands option is enabled, you will continue to create
materials until the command is cancelled. Click Cancel or
press the Esc key to exit the material creation command.

Note: If you create a material with E and/or G and Nu

equal to zero, you will get a fatal error when running
an analysis with NX Nastran and most other solvers.

Review the material attributes in the Entity Editor pane.

 Expand the Materials tree in the Model Info pane.

 Select the Aluminum material.

Note how the material appears in the Entity Editor pane.

 Double-click the title bar of the Entity Editor pane to undock

it.

 Resize the window so that you can view all the attributes of
the material.

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 Select one of the attributes such as E, G, or Nu. Note how a

description of the attribute and its value is displayed on the
bottom Entity Editor pane.

 Dock the Entity Editor by double-clicking its title bar.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Create the solid property for the lower control arm.

 In the Model Info pane, right-click the Properties object and

select New from the context-sensitive menu.

 In the Define Property – PLATE Element Type dialog box,

click the Elem/Property Type… button.

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 In the Element / Property Type dialog box, select Solid.

 Click OK to apply the selection and to update the Define

Property dialog box

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

 In the Define Property dialog box, enter Lower Control Arm

as the Title.

 Set the Material to 1..Aluminum.

 Click OK to create the property.

 Click Cancel or press the Esc key to end the property

creation command.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Enable and set options for highlighting of selected entities.

 In the Model Info pane, select the Show When Selected icon
menu.

 By default, highlighting is turned off in new models. Select

either Highlight or Transparent Highlight from the Show
When Selected pulldown menu.

 Reselect the Show When Selected menu and select Show

Labels to turn off display of labels when selected entities are
highlighted.

 Optionally, you can select Highlight Color… to change the

highlight color to one you prefer.
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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Note - To toggle highlighting on and off, you simply click the

Show When Selected icon. If highlighting is enabled,
the Show When Selected icon shown as a filled box
as displayed below.

Default settings for type of highlighting (Highlight,

Transparent Highlight, or Show Selected Only),
Show Labels toggle, Show Normals toggle, and
Highlight Color can be set by using the File,
Preferences command and choosing the User
Interface tab.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Apply the newly created property as the Mesh Attribute to the

lower control arm.
A Mesh Attribute is the Property that is used when meshing
geometry.

 Expand the Geometry tree in the Model Info pane by clicking

the icon.

 Click the Lower Control Arm solid.

Note how the part is highlighted in the graphics window.

 Right-click Lower Control Arm in the Model Info pane and

select Attributes from the context-sensitive menu.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

 In the Select Mesh Property dialog box, select 1..Lower

Control Arm.

 Click OK to confirm your selection and to assign the

property as a Mesh Attribute to the lower control arm.

Note - To refresh the display remove highlighting, press the

Ctrl+g shortcut key combination.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Step 4: Create constraints and loads for the lower control arm.

Display the Constraint and Loads toolbars.

 Right-click in an area next to one of the other toolbars and

select Loads from the context-sensitive menu.

 Repeat the previous step to select Constraints from the

context-sensitive menu.

 Move the two toolbars to a position you prefer if needed.

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Create the constraint on the end of the arm.

 Rotate your view by clicking and holding the Left Mouse

Button while dragging your cursor in the graphics window.

Your view orientation should be similar to the view below so

that you can clearly see the top of the boss on the right end
of the arm and the holes on the left end of the arm.

 Click the Create Constraint on Surface icon on the

Constraints toolbar.

 Since there is no active Constraint Set, you are prompted to

either create a constraint set or activate an existing set.

In the New Constraint Set dialog box, enter Arm Hole

Constraints as the Title. Click OK to create the constraint
set.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 In the Entity Selection – Select SURFACE(s) to Select

dialog box, select the two surfaces on the inside of the holes
at the end of the arm as shown below.

As you move the cursor, you will see different surfaces

highlighted. The default method of selecting surfaces in
Femap is to find the surface with the closest center of
gravity to the cursor.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

 Click the Preview icon in the Entity Selection dialog

box to highlight the surfaces you selected.

 Click OK to confirm your selection.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

In the Create Constraints on Geometry dialog box, enter Fixed

Mount as the Title.

 Select Fixed as the constraint type. Click OK to create the

constraint.

 Click Cancel or press the Esc key to exit the command.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Highlight the newly created constraint.

 In the Model Info pane, expand the Constraints, Arm Hole

Constraints constraint set and the Constraint Definitions
object.

 Select the Fixed Mount Holes constraint to highlight the

geometry it is applied to.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Create the load on the boss at the end of the arm.

 Since you do not have a Load Set, you will need to create
one. In the Model Info pane, right-click the Loads object and
select New from the context-sensitive menu.

 In the New Load Set dialog box, enter Arm Boss Load as
the title. Click OK to create and activate the new load set.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

 Expand the newly created Arm Boss Load load set. Right-
click Load Definitions and select On Surface from the menu.

This is equivalent to selecting the command, Model, Load, -

> On Surface or by selecting the Create Load on Surface
icon on the Loads toolbar.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 Select the surface on the bottom of the boss on the right

side of the arm. Again, use the Preview button in the Entity
Selection dialog box to confirm your selection.

 Click OK to complete the selection of the surface(s) you are

applying the force to.

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 In the Create Loads on Surface dialog box, set the Title to

Boss Normal Load, select Force as the Load Type and set
the Direction to Normal to Surface.

Set the Load Magnitude to -500.

 Click OK to apply the load to the control arm.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Turn off display of points, surfaces and nodes.

 Activate and position the Entity Display toolbar by one of the

methods used in the beginning of this exercise (right-click on
a blank area adjacent to one of the other docked toolbars or
by using the Tools -> Toolbars command).

 In the Entity Display toolbar, click the View Points Toggle,

View Surfaces Toggle, and the View Nodes Toggle.

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Step 5: Mesh the lower control arm.

Mesh the lower control arm.

 Right-click the Lower Control Arm solid under the Geometry

tree in the Model Info pane and select Tet Mesh from the
menu.

 In the Automesh Solids dialog box, click the Update Mesh

Sizing button.

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 In the Automatic Mesh Sizing dialog box, enter or set the

following options:

 Set the value for Element Size to 5.0.

 Set the value for Max Angle Tolerance to 15.

 Disable the option for Max Elem on Small Feature by

clicking the check box for this option. This will
automatically disable the option for Max Size of Small
Feature.

 Disable the option for Suppress Short Edges.

 Leave all other options unchanged and click OK to apply the

mesh sizing to the lower control arm.

 Click OK in the Automesh Solids dialog box to mesh the

lower control arm.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Your model should appear similar to the model below.

Turn off display of the Mesh Size indicators.

After any operation that sets a mesh size (other than the
default mesh size), Mesh Size indicators are displayed on the
model as a view default.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 To toggle off the display of the mesh size indicators, select

the View Style, Mesh Size icon on the View toolbar.

 Save your model.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Step 6: Analyze the Lower Control Arm

Create an Analysis Set for a linear static analysis.

 In the Model Info pane, right-click the Analyses object and

select Manage from the menu.

 In the Analysis Set Manager dialog box, click the New

button to create a new Analysis Set.

 In the Analysis Set dialog box, enter the Title as Linear

Statics. Click OK to create the analysis set.

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 Returning to the Analysis Set Manager dialog box, expand

the Master Requests and Conditions tree along with the
Boundary Conditions and Output Displacements sub trees.

Note how the Boundary Conditions are automatically set to

the active constraint and load sets.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Run the analysis.

 Click the Analyze button in the Analysis Set Manager dialog

box.

Once an NX Nastran analysis is started, Femap will

automatically open the Analysis Monitor pane as shown
below (in an undocked and resized mode). This window
displays the NX Nastran .log file as it is being updated
during the analysis. You have the option to change the
display of the status from the default .log file to either
the .f04 or the .f06 file. You can also change the Max Lines
to display (the Femap default preference is 5000 lines), to
turn off Update Monitor and to turn off the option to
Automatically Load Results.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Once an analysis has successfully completed, the Femap

Messages pane should display the following lines:

Today’s Date NX NASTRAN Version Date PAGE 2

Reading...

Creating Output Set 1...

Beginning Cleanup of Output Set 1...

Cleanup of Output Set 1 is Complete.

 Close the Analysis Monitor pane.

 Save your Femap model.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

Step 7: Post Process (review) the Results of the Analysis.

Select the Output Set, Deformation Vector, and Contour Vector

for Postprocessing.

 Right-click your mouse in the graphics window and select

Post Data from the context-sensitive menu.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 In the Select Postprocessing Data dialog box, note that the

following have been automatically set:

The Output Set is set to 1..NX NASTRAN Case 1.

The Output Vector for Deformation is set to

1..Total Translation.

And the Output Vector for Contour is set to 60031..Solid

Von Mises Stress.

 Click OK to apply your selections.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

If the PostProcessing Toolbox pane is not open, open it using

by clicking the PostProcessing icon on the Panes toolbar.

Note: When an icon is shown as “filled” like the first four

and the last icon on the toolbar as show above, this
indicates that the option is enabled, or in this case,
the pane associated with the icon is open.

By default, when you first open the PostProcessing Toolbox

pane, it will be docked and tabbed along with the Model Info
and Meshing Toolbox panes as shown below.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

 Click on the PostProcessing tab to bring the toolbox to the

front.

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Turn on display of the stress contours and the deformed shape

using the PostProcessing Toolbox.

 On the PostProcessing Toolbox’s toolbar, click the

Deformed drop-down icon and select Deform.

Your model should appear as below.

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Display the Von Mises Stress contours.

 On the PostProcessing Toolbox’s toolbar, click the Contour

drop-down icon and select Contour.

Your model should be similar to the one below.

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Change the deformed shape to display the actual deformation

at ten (10) times the real deformation.
Femap’s default view displays the maximum deformation
scaled to ten percent (10%) of the view extents. In this step,
you will change that to display the deformation as a scale factor
of the actual deformation.

 Expand the Deform tool.

 Expand the Scale tool and select Actual Deformations from

the Scale drop-down.

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 Double-click Scale Actual By and set the value to 100.0.

Use either the Tab or Enter key to update the display of the
deformed shape.

Toggle the display of constraints and loads

 On the Entity Display toolbar, click the View Constraints

Toggle and the View Loads Toggle icons.

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Turn off the display of results.

 On the PostProcessing Toolbox’s toolbar, click the icon for

Set to Undeformed, No Contour, No Freebody.

 Collapse the Deform tool and expand the Contour tool.

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Review stress results inside the model using a moving cut

plane.

 On the Postprocessing Toolbar’s toolbar, click the Set the

Contour Style pull-down and select Section Cut from the
menu.

 In the PostProcessing Toolbox, click the Dynamic Control

arrow button.

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 Using the scroll bar in the Dynamic Section Cut Control

dialog box, move the cutting plane to show different
locations in the model.

You can also directly input the offset of the plane from its
origin in the Value field and the incremental offset of the
cutting plane in the Delta field in the Dynamic Section Cut
Control dialog box.

The Plane button in this dialog box allows you to modify the
orientation and origin of the cutting plane.

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 Exercise 1 - Analyzing a Solid Part

Display locations in the model of a specific stress value using

Isosurfaces.

 On the Postprocessing Toolbar’s toolbar, click the Set the

Contour Style pull-down and select IsoSurface from the
menu.

Your model will appear similar to below.

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 Exercise 1 – Analyzing a Solid Part

 Click the Dynamic Control arrow button under the Contour

tool.

You should only see one value of stress displayed

throughout the model. The initial value will be the average
of the minimum and maximum values of the contour vector.

Note that you can directly enter a Value and the Delta value.

 Click OK to close the dialog box and return to the previous

view display of the isosurfaces.

Save your model and close Femap.

 Save your model and Exit Femap.

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