Data Communication: By:Eng - Alaa I.Haniy

Data Communication
Islamic University – Gaza

Engineering Faculty
Computer Department
Problem Set Solu

By :Eng.Alaa I.Haniy.
Problem set
Problem 1
Assume that you are given the frequency domain

representation of unknown signal shown below,
Determine:
a. The signal found there.

b. The fundamental frequency and harmonics.
c. The Bandwidth.
d. Draw the time domain signal.
Problem 2
A voltage waveform of a signal follows the equation X(t)=5cos(10^3 *t) V , where t = time.
What are the frequency, amplitude, radian frequency, and periodic time (period) of this
signal?
Frequency= (10^3)/(2*π )=159.155

Amplitude =5
radian frequency= 10^3
periodic time= 6.2832 ms
Problem 3
The input power of a 40- km cable system is 2W (power at the beginning of the cable). An amplifier
with a 64- dB gain is installed 24 km from the input. Define the signal power level, dB, and absolute
power at
1. the input of the amplifier and
2. the output of the system. The attenuation of the cable is 2.5 dB/ km.
1.The input of the amplifier= 2mw

2. The output of the system = 0.5mW
2
Problem 4
The digital compact disc (CD) player is designed for a sound bandwidth of 20 kHz. Linear
encoding with 16 bits per sample is used. Define
a) The minimum sampling rate
b) The minimum binary data rate per channel (left or right)
c) The maximum SQR
a) 40,000 samples per seconds

b) 640 kbps
c) 98.08 dB.
Problem 5
The input power of an amplifier is 2 mW and output power is 1W. What are the power
levels (dBm) at the input and output and what is the gain of the amplifier in decibels?
26.99 dBm
Problem6
Consider a Message is passed to this system:
Determine
a) The sampling rate? (Hint: the bit time is 125 μ sec)
b) The Max. Message bandwidth?
c) The Min. Required Bandwidth?
1bit ----- 125 μ sec

? ----- 1s
So the bit rate =1/125 μ
Bit rate = fs*n
3
1/125 μ =fs*8
So sampling rate =fs= 1/(125 μ *8)=1Khz
Fs>= 2*Fmax= 2*BW

Fs(min)=2BW
1K =2BW
So max BW =1K/2 =500Hz
Bit rate=2Bw
1/125u =2BW *8
So min BW= 500Hz
Problem 7
Derive the following formula SNRdB = 6.02nb +1.76 dB
Problem 8
PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by an 8 bit binary encoder. The Bit Rate of
the system is equal to 256 Kbps.
1. What is the Max. message bandwidth for which the system operate satisfactory?
2. Determine the signal to quantized noise ratio ?
3. You passed the output digits of PCM system into a Block Coding 8B/10B, what is the
current Data Rate ?
4. You passed the output digits of Block Coding into NRZ-I Line Coding What is the Min.
channel Bandwidth required?
Bit rate = fs*n

256 =fs*8
So sampling rate =fs=32Khz.
Fs>= 2*Fmax= 2*BW

Fs(min)=2BW
1K =2BW
So max BW =32K/2 =16KHz
SNR =6.02 n+1.76 db

=6.02*8 +1.76
= 49.92db
Nold =256kbps
4
Nnew =Nold +(nold)*2/8
Nnew =10/8 Nold
=(10/8)*256K
=320kbps
NRZI BW= N/2

=320/2
=160KHz
Problem 9
Assume you need to digitize an audio signal whose bandwidth B=15 KHz, its amplitude
between 0 and 4 volts.
Determine
1. The Min. Nyquist rate?
2. The value of Delta in order to quantize it to 256 Levels?
3. The quantization error or dB SNR ?
4. The Min. possible Bit Rate?
Fs = 2*Fmax
= 2*BW
=2*15KHz
=30KHz
n= =8
SNR =6.02 n+1.76 db

=6.02*8 +1.76
= 49.92db
Bit rate = fs*n

=30*8
=240Kbps
Problem 10
A digital signaling system is required to operate at 56000 bps. If the signal used has 8 levels
and the signal to noise ratio is 25,356 to 1., what is the minimum required bandwidth of the
channel?
1. What is the signal to noise ratio in decibles?

2. If the signal power is 5.002 w ,what is noise power?
3. What is the maximum data rate?
5
Problem 11
A TV channel has a bandwidth of 6 MHz. If we send a digital signal using one channel, what are
the data rates if we use one harmonic, three harmonic, and five harmonics?
BW = 6 MHz
1) BW from 0 Hz to f1st harmonic = 6 MHz;
Bit rate = 2* f1st harmonic = 2 * 6 = 12 Mbps
2) BW from 0 Hz to f3rd harmonic = 6 MHz;
f3rd harmonic = 3 * f1st harmonic
f1st harmonic = 6 MHz / 3 = 2 MHz
Bit rate = 2 * f1st harmonic = 2 * 2 = 4 Mbps
3) BW from 0 Hz to f5th harmonic = 6 MHz;
f1st harmonic = 6 MHz / 5 = 1.2 MHz
Bit rate = 2 * f1st harmonic = 2 * 1.2 = 2.4 Mbps
Problem 12
We measure the performance of a telephone line (4KHz of bandwidth). When the signal is 10 V,
the noise is 5 mV. What is the maximum data rate supported by this telephone line?
Bit rate = 4,000 log2 (1 + 10 / 0.005) = 43,866 bps
Problem 13
Assume a data stream is ‘1101000000000010’ s.. Encode this stream, using the following
code schemes. How many changes (vertical line) can you find for each scheme?
a. Unipolar: 4 changes between bit.
b. NRZ-L: 4 changes between bit.
c. NRZ-I: 4 changes between bit.
d. RZ: 16 changes at the middle of each bit + 15 changes between bit.
e. Manchester: 16 changes at the middle of each bit + 11 changes between bit.
f. Diff. Manchester: 16 changes at the middle of each bit + 11 changes between bit.
g. AMI: 6 changes between bit.
6
Problem 14
A signal is sampled. Each sample represents one of four levels. How many bits are
needed to represent each sample? If the sampling rate is 8000 samples per second,
what is the bit rate?
Quantization 2 bits/sample;
Bit rate = 8000 * 2 = 16,000 bps
Problem 15
5. We have sampled a low-pass signal with a bandwidth of 200 KHz using 1024
levels of quantization. Calculate the bit rate of the digitized signal.
Low pass signal: frequency between 0 – 200 KHz
BW = 200 KHz
Sampling rate >= 2 x fhighest = 2 x 200 KHz
>= 400,000 samples /s
Quantization 10 bits/sample;
Bit rate = 400,000 x 10 = 4 Mbps
7
Problem 16
Answer the following questions:
1. Differentiate between a continuous signal and discrete signal.
2. What is a periodic signal? Explain.
3. Discuss the frequency domain concepts of electromagnetic signal.
4. Explain analog and digital repeaters.
5. Briefly discuss why digital transmission is preferred over analog transmission.
6. What is Nyquist sampling rate?
7. Discuss Shannon’s channel capacity.
8. Discuss various line coding techniques.
9. Explain different modulation techniques.
10. List different guided transmission mediums. Discuss properties of optical fiber cable.
11. What advantages and disadvantages are there to using fiber instead of unshielded
twisted pair
12. Differentiate Flow control, Error Control

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Data Communication

Islamic University – Gaza

Problem Set Solu

Assume that you are given the frequency domain

a. The signal found there.

Frequency= (10^3)/(2*π )=159.155

1.The input of the amplifier= 2mw

a) 40,000 samples per seconds

Consider a Message is passed to this system:

1bit ----- 125 μ sec

Bit rate = fs*n

Fs>= 2*Fmax= 2*BW

Derive the following formula SNRdB = 6.02nb +1.76 dB

Bit rate = fs*n

Fs>= 2*Fmax= 2*BW

SNR =6.02 n+1.76 db

NRZI BW= N/2

SNR =6.02 n+1.76 db

Bit rate = fs*n

1. What is the signal to noise ratio in decibles?

Bit rate = 4,000 log2 (1 + 10 / 0.005) = 43,866 bps

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Fs>= 2Fmax= 2BW

Fs>= 2Fmax= 2BW