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Twk2A Section 4.1 Problems

This document contains 21 problems related to solving differential equations and determining linear independence of functions. The problems involve verifying general solutions, finding particular solutions given initial value problems, determining if sets of functions are linearly independent, and using the Wronskian to determine linear independence.

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ALLEN TANAKA MUZORERA
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108 views3 pages

Twk2A Section 4.1 Problems

This document contains 21 problems related to solving differential equations and determining linear independence of functions. The problems involve verifying general solutions, finding particular solutions given initial value problems, determining if sets of functions are linearly independent, and using the Wronskian to determine linear independence.

Uploaded by

ALLEN TANAKA MUZORERA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TWK2A

Section 4.1
Problems
1. Verify that y = c1 e4x + c2 e x is the general solution of y 00 3y 0 4y = 0 on
( 1; 1) : Solve the IVP y (0) = 1; y 0 (0) = 2:

2. Verify that y = c1 + c2 cos x + c3 sin x is the general solution of y 000 + y 0 = 0


on ( 1; 1) : Solve the IVP y ( ) = 0; y 0 ( ) = 2; y 00 ( ) = 1:

3. Given that y = c1 + c2 x2 is a two-parameter family of solutions of xy 00 y 0 =


0 on ( 1; 1) ; show that constants c1 and c2 do not exist which satisfy
y (0) = 0; y 0 (0) = 1: Explain why this does not violate Theorem 4.1.

4. The function y = c1 ex cos x + c2 ex sin x is a solution of y 00 2y 0 + 2y = 0


on ( 1; 1) : Determine whether or not constants c1 and c2 can be found
satisfying (a) y(0) = 1; y 0 ( ) = 0; (b) y(0) = 1; y( ) = 1; (c) y(0) =
1; y( 2 ) = 1; (d) y(0) = 0; y( ) = 0:

5. Are f1 (x) = x; f2 (x) = x2 and f3 (x) = 4x 3x2 linearly independent on


( 1; 1)?

6. Are f1 (x) = 5; f2 (x) = cos2 x and f3 (x) = sin2 x linearly independent on


( 1; 1)?

7. Show that fx2 ; x3 g forms a fundamental set of solutions of x2 y 00 6xy 0 +12y =


0 on (0; 1) : What is the general solution?

8. Verify that yp1 = 3e2x and yp2 = x2 +3x are, respectively, particular solutions
of

y 00 6y 0 + 5y = 9e2x
y 00 6y 0 + 5y = 5x2 + 3x 16

Hence, …nd particular solutions of

y 00 6y 0 + 5y = 5x2 + 3x 16 9e2x

and
y 00 6y 0 + 5y = 10x2 6x + 32 + e2x :
9. (a) By inspection …nd a particular solution of

y 00 + 2y = 10:

(b) By inspection …nd a particular solution of

y 00 + 2y = 4x:

(c) Find a particular solution of

y 00 + 2y = 4x + 10:

(d) Find a particular solution of

y 00 + 2y = 8x + 5:

10. Suppose that y1 = ex and y2 = e x are solutuions of a homogeneous linear


di¤erential equation. Explain why y3 = cosh x and y4 = sinh x are also
solutions of the equation.

11. The function y = c1 x2 + c2 x4 + 3 is a solution of x2 y 00 5xy 0 + 8y = 24


on ( 1; 1) : Determine whether or not constants c1 and c2 can be found
satisfying (a) y( 1) = 0; y(1) = 4; (b) y(0) = 1; y(1) = 2; (c) y(0) =
3; y(1) = 4; (d) y(1) = 3; y(2) = 15:

12. Are f1 (x) = 0; f2 (x) = x and f3 (x) = ex linearly independent on ( 1; 1)?

13. Are f1 (x) = 2 + x and f2 (x) = 2 + jxj linearly independent on ( 1; 1)?


x x
14. Show that e 2 ; xe 2 forms a fundamental set of solutions of 4y 00 4y 0 +y = 0
on ( 1; 1) : What is the general solution?

15. Show that fcos (ln x) ; sin (ln x)g forms a fundamental set of solutions of
x2 y 00 + xy 0 + y = 0 on (0; 1) : What is the general solution?

16. Verify that y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x + x sin x + (cos x) ln (cos x) is the general
solution of y 00 + y = sec x on ; :
2 2
1 1 2 1
17. Verify that y = c1 x 2 + c2 x 1 + 15 x 6
x is the general solution of 2x2 y 00 +
0 2
5xy + y = x x on (0; 1) :
18. Are f1 (x) = cos 2x; f2 (x) = 1 and f3 (x) = cos2 x linearly independent on
( 1; 1)?

19. Suppose that y1 ; y2; :::; yk are k nontrivial (i.e. yj 6= 0) solutions of a homo-
geneous linear nth-order DE with constant coe¢ cients, and that k = n + 1:
Is the set fy1 ; y2; :::; yk g linearly dependent or independent on ( 1; 1)?
Discuss.

20. Use the Wronskian to show that

ex ; e 2x

are linearly independent on (0; 1) :

21. Use the Wronskian to show that

f1; cos x; sin xg

are linearly independent on ( 1; 1) :Note that

a b c
d e f = iae af h idb + dch + gbf gce:
g h i

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