BSE 3712 Integrated System Design16/17 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

BSE 3712
INTERGRATED SYSTEM
DESIGN REPORT
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

PROFESSIONAL TUTOR: DAVID LAM

BEng (Hons) in Building Services Engineering (33460) 19th April 2017

NAME STUDENT ID
LAM SEE VIM 16048404D

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 BSE 3712 Integrated System Design16/17 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

BUILDING INFORMATION
➢ The proposed building is a Grade A commercial building. It is location
at Mong Kok. The area of the site is 538m2. The total height of this
building is 76m(height of roof is not included). The site is the junction
of four streets: Tung Choi Street(East side), Argyle Street(South side),
Sai Yeung Choi Street(West side) and Fife Street(North side).
Floor Floor to floor height (m) Proposed function
B/F 5 Retail shops
G/F 6 Retail shops
1/F 5 Department store
2/F-16/F 4m per floor One Office per floor
➢ By site investigation, Nathan Road on the West of the building is mainly
occupied by vehicles, where the air quality is poor. The site is close to MTR station and densely populated.
As considered, the main entrance faces Sai Yeung Choi Street on the West, facing SW40o.
➢ By site investigation, the types of nearby buildings are various, such as residential buildings, catering and
retail shops. A popular shopping mall “New Town Mall, Mong Kok” is next to Tung Choi Street, West of
the proposed building. However, there is no supermarket or department store nearby, therefore the
designed building includes department store which can be further renovated as supermarket in the future.
DESIGN CRITERIA
The design objective is to provide comfortable indoor condition with obtaining the highest energy efficiency
by utilizing various air-conditioning equipment.
According to Table 1 of the Guide on Indoor Air Quality Certification Scheme for Offices and Public
Places, Excellent Class is selected in design criteria. The following factors should take into consideration:
Parameter Room Temperature Relative Humidity Air Movement Carbon Dioxide
0 0
8-hour average 20 C to 25.5 C 40% to 70% < 0.2 m/s 800 ppmv
The following calculation for supply air conditioning is based on the CIBSE Psychrometric Chart.
Outdoor Design Condition
0
All floors Dry Bulb C Wet Bulb0C RH % W kg/kg dry air h kJ/kg u m3/kg
35.1 28 58.68 0.0217 89.33 0.9019
Floor Indoor Design Condition Primary Air Condition Supply Air Condition
DB 0C RH % hR kJ/kg DB 0C RH % hp kJ/kg DB 0C RH % hs kJ/kg
B/F 23 50 45.37 17 95 46.24 13 95 35.45
G/F 23 50 45.37 17 95 46.24 13 95 35.45
1/F 23 40 40.87 16 95 43.39 13 95 35.45
T/F office 24 55 50.20 16 95 43.39 14.5 95 39.31
Condenser Water Temperature Chilled Water Temperature
Entering Chiller Leaving Chiller Entering Chiller Leaving Chiller
0 0
0
32 C 37 C 12 C 70C
LOAD ESTIMATION
Rule-of thumb is used to estimate the total cooling load, i.e. 1043.06kW (165.18W/m2) [Appendix-
AC01]. From the “Existing Buildings Cooling Load Index in Hong Kong”, “Grade A” commercial building
such as Harbour City(168W/m2) and Admiralty Centre(153W/m2) have similar cooling load density with
the designed building, which means the calculated loading is acceptable. Different magnitude of rule-of
thumb is according to the data from EMSD, ASHRAE Handbook and CIBSE Guide.
B/F retail shops G/F retail shops 1/F dept store 2-16/F Office Total
Cooling load(kW) 34.857 5.4905.8 7.1849 5.8763 each floor 1043.06
DESCRIPTION OF HVAC SYSTEM
Floors served System selected Rationale
• Higher flexibility and lower complexity
B/F Retail shops • Allowing retail shops to have further renovations e.g.
G/F Retail Shops Fan Coil Unit combining two shops as one or further refurbishment
1/F Department store • Individual temperature control for each zone
• Easy for installation, maintenance and cleaning
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BSE 3712 Integrated System Design16/17 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

Centralized air- • Higher efficiency than local air conditioning system,

conditioning consuming less refrigerant
system (AHU • Lower potential on water leakage
2 – 16/F office
+VAV Box) • Reducing the noise pollution due to main equipment
VAV system is more energy efficient and easy for maintenance, and also in
the consideration of achieving “Excellent IAQ” and acoustics issue
In order to maximize the usable floor area by smaller size of plant room, one PAU on B/F supplies
pretreated air to B,G,1/F and two PAUs on R/F supplies 2-16/F offices. Considering the reliability of the
system, two PAUs can save spaces and provides a reliable air-conditioning system. If one of the PAU
supplying offices is out of order, another PAU can still provide at least half cooling load.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
❖ FRESH AIR INTAKE
There are two fresh air intake positions at 1/F and R/F. Air pollution of the roads nearby is serious due to
the busy traffic and high populated density, intake should not be at G/F and as high as possible. Two fresh
air louvers with HP filter will be installed to serve PAU. C
PAU no. Floors served Fresh air intake location Intake facing direction
PAU01 B, G, 1/F 1/F East,
PAU02, 03 2 - 16/F R/F Tung Choi Street
❖ EXHAUST SYSTEM
The exhaust system is centralized in the proposed building. Vertical exhaust air duct is installed in space
for ducts and AHU plant room. Air can be exhaust at R/F by a centrifugal fan to outdoor (face West). The
wind direction in summer of Hong Kong is North-east, the location exhausted air outlet set will not affect
the primary fresh air intake which is facing East. Air in toilets, plant rooms and pantry are exhausted
centrally to the exhaust ducts, except the plant rooms on R/F served by exhaust fan for each. Non-return
dampers are installed in the exhaust ducts of these compartments for better air distribution and preventing
unwanted airflows against the intended airflow direction. The duct size shown is referred to ASHRAE fig.9
“friction chart for round duct” and also table 2 “circular equivalents of rectangular duct for equal friction
and capacity”.
AIR-SIDE SYSTEM [DR-HVAC01]
The major factor concerned is the indoor air quality including temperature, relative humidity and air
velocity. Fresh air intake position considers minimum pressure loss in ductworks to pursue higher energy
efficiency. PAU is used to precool and pretreat the outdoor air which helps the cooling loads sharing with
AHU. It is designed that 80% of indoor air is returned to the AHU to enhance the energy efficiency. FCU is
installed in every lift lobby and male and female toilets. Exhaust air duct with non-return damper is installed
in toilets and meter rooms.
❖ PRIMARY AIR HANDLING UNIT (PAU) [Appendix-AC02] [Appendix-AC04]
PAU no. Floors served Location Cooling Capacity (kW) Flow rate (L/s)
Required Model’s Required Model’s
B, G, 1/F B/F 79.19 114.02 1769 2556
PAU01
Model: CARRIER’S 39XT1420
2 – 16/F R/F PAU Room 263.79 307.16 3429 12500
PAU 02, 03
Model: CARRIER’S 39XT2226
The critical path of PAU02 &03: from R/F PAU room to 2/F AHU room. [Appendix-AC25]
Head required PAU head
313.86 Pa 400 Pa
❖ AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU) [Appendix-AC02] [Appendix-AC05]
Floors Location Qty Cooling Capacity (kW) Flow rate (L/s)
served Each floor Total Required Model’s Required Model’s
AHU
2-16/F AHU room 1 15 28.87 35.46 457 1667
Model: CARRIER’S 39XT1317
The critical path of Critical path of each AHU: from AHU room to office store room. [Appendix-AC26]
Head required AHU head
89.93 Pa 400 Pa
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BSE 3712 Integrated System Design16/17 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

❖ FAN COIL UNIT (FCU) [Appendix-AC02] [Appendix-AC03]

Each lift lobbies, male toilets and female toilets is equipped with one FCU. Lift lobby is the first place for
occupants to enter the office, pretreated air is supplied to lift lobby FCU.
Floor Required FCU Qty of Total FCU FCU Model :
served loads (kW) FCU loads (kW) TRANE’s 3 row coil HFCF12
FCU B/F 23.275 7 51.94
G/F 40.038 11 81.62 Cooling capacity 7.42 kW each FCU
1/F 52.737 8 59.36 Flow rate 375 L/s each FCU

❖ VAV BOX & DIFFUSER[Appendix-AC06] [Appendix-AC07]

VAV system is chosen in typical floors considering the fact that VAV system can help save fan power
consumption and provide individual temperature control meanwhile. VAV system can also be integrated
with CO2 measurement. For typical office floor (2-16/F), 3-outlet VAV terminal unit is selected, the
model is Krueger Ltd’s VAV Single Duct Terminal Unit with 3-outlet attenuator LMHS 7.
Diffuser is fitted to 600mm x 600mm ceiling grid with same dimension. One VAV box can only connect to
maximum three diffusers.
B/F G/F 1/F 2-16/F each floor Flow Rate
Quantity of VAV Boxes / / / 14 375 L/s
Quantity of Diffusers 14 19 10 35 150 L/s
❖ RETURN AIR GRILLE [Appendix-AC08]
80 % of supply air will be returned to AHU through return air duct for enhancing energy efficiency,
meanwhile it can reduce the loading of AHU. Considering less ductworks required and the appearance of the
office, only one 600mm x 1200mm return louvre is installed for one office. Its flow rate is 457L/s.
❖ TRANSFER AIR GRILLE [Appendix-AC09]
600mm x 300mm transfer air grille will be installed between toilets and corridor, offices and corridor, in
order to balance the air and avoid over negative pressure in various area. Non-return valve will also be
installed in the flexible duct to avoid air flowing from backward.
❖ FLEXIBLE AIR DUCT
VAV supply air duct uses flexible type air duct. According to FSD Circular Letter No. 3/2006, flexible air
duct should not be longer than 4m.
❖ FIRE DAMPER
Fire Damper is installed in the duct after flowing out of plant rooms to prevent smoke flowing to other zone.
Once the fire alarm system is activated, the fan in each a/c plant room (B-R/F) will be shut down
immediately to prevent smoke from transferring in air duct. This can help avoid suffocation once there is a
fire.
❖ DUCT SIZING [Appendix-AC10, AC11, AC12, AC13, AC15, AC16]
Rectangular duct is more preferable than circular duct because rectangular duct has good height clearance.
Fresh air duct (FAD), pretreated air duct (PAD), supply air duct (SAD), return air duct (RAD) and exhaust
air duct (EAD) have been sized and is according to ASHRAE fig.9 “friction chart for round duct” and table
2 “circular equivalents of rectangular duct for equal friction and capacity” to determine the corresponding
dimensions of rectangular ducts. Maximum duct pressure loss should be 1 Pa/m. The air velocity of main
supply should be 8-10 m/s2 , that of branch should be 4- 5.5 m/s2.
❖ EXHAUST AIR [Appendix-AC14]
Exhaust rate data of toilet (10ACH), pantry (10ACH) and plant room (12ACH) is based on Building
Department Practice Note for Authorized Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered
Geotechnical Engineers PNAP ADM2.
Exhaust rate (L/s)
B/F 2257.7
G/F 705.72
1/F 444.7
2-16/F (each floor) 532
Total exhaust rate 11388 L/s
600mm x 300mm exhaust air grille is selected from WATERLOO’s catalogue. [Appendix-AC13]The model
is 2H/600/300/PPM9010/25SF/0BSS and has 60 L/s flow rate. In order to ensure the hygienic environment
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BSE 3712 Integrated System Design16/17 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

and avoid unpleasant odor in toilet, one 225mm x 125mm sidewall exhaust air grille is installed at the back
of each water closet, inside the pipe duct.
The centralized exhaust fan is sized also. The critical path is from R/F PAU room to B/F FS Plant Room.
[Appendix-AC17]
Model Flow rate Static Pressure Static Pressure of
required selected fan
FANTECH’s 4-pole DWDI-54 CW.180 3
13.5m /s 273.8442 Pa 350Pa

WATER-SIDE SYSTEM [DR-HVAC02]

Constant primary-variable secondary water pumping system is used in the proposed building which
includes decouple by-pass with two pipe direct return. This system requires less main piping and the pipe
routing is more direct compared to reverse return system.
Fresh water-cooled system is selected considering the higher energy efficiency comparing the air-cooled
system. In a bid not to interrupt the operations of air-conditioning services , the refrigeration and water
circuits are isolated.
❖ CHILLER [Appendix-AC18]
Two sets of model TECO AIRCON PQD-D539MSDB Water-Cooled Screw Chiller (double-compressor
series R-134a) are installed in chiller plant room on R/F. Size of the chiller is 155tons/539kW, 50 Hz . For
achieving high sustainability for the building, variable evaporator flow compensation, dual independent
refrigerant circuits and high full-load energy efficiency to reduce both operating and life-cycles are
important in achieving it.
The below table shows the advantages and reasons of selecting water-cooled chiller:
Water-Cooled Chillers Air-Cooled Chillers
• Higher COP (above 5) • Lower COP (in the range of 3 to 3.5)
• Variety of types (i.e. shell-and-tube, • Desuperheating, condensing, and sub
shell-and-coil) cool zones depending on the entering
• Allowing maintenance without gas temperature and the leaving
disturbing the operation (refrigeration temperature
and water circuits are isolated)

❖ COOLING TOWER [Appendix-AC19]

Two sets of model Shinwa’s Cross Flow Share Type 175ASSD Cooling Tower are selected to be installed
on UR/F just above the chiller plant room on R/F. The size of the chiller is 539kW/ 155tons, 50Hz. This
cross flow type obtains a lower noise pollution without water. This type of cooling tower requires lower
pump head since there is no need for pump from transferring makeup water on R/F.
The below table shows the advantages and reasons of selecting cross flow type cooling tower:
Cross Flow Type Cooling Tower Counter Flow Type Cooling Tower
• Containing lower pumping head • Air flow distributed more evenly
• Variations in water flow • Drift eliminator is to be installed
• Easy maintenance access • Adaptability to restrictive space
• Lower acoustic level (i.e. absence of limitation
water noise) • Smaller footprint
• Lower air-side pressure drop

❖ MAKE-UP & BLEED-OFF WATER TANK [Appendix-AC20]

Cooling water should be bled off and compensated by make-up water from time to time in a bid to limit the
concentration of dissolved solids left behind in the cooling water.
12 m3 makeup water tank is placed on B/F which is supplied from the government main. Makeup water
then is pumped by two pump sets to cooling tower on R/F. Make-up water tank
2.25 m3 bleed-off water tank is placed inside the chiller plant room of R/F. The tank is connected to
flushing water tank, the bleed of water can be saved and become flushing water after the conversation of
chemical dosing unit. The calculation of sizing both tanks is referring to EMSD, Pilot scheme for wider use
of fresh water in evaporative cooling towers for energy-efficiency air conditioning system 2005, Table1.
The header, main and branch pipes of both makeup water and bleed-off water are sized. [Appendix-AC24]
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BSE 3712 Integrated System Design16/17 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

❖ EXPANSION TANK
Expansion tank is used to protect closed water heating system. As heating system is not required in this
project, there is no expansion tank in this building. It is to avoid excessive pressure or corrosion in the
closed water system such as condenser and chilled water loop. The calculation can refer to ASHRAE 2012
Chapter 13.
❖ CHEMICAL DOSING UNIT
Eliminating bacteria and virus is vital to the quality of water quality. The unit is installed before chilled
water return to chillers, before condenser water return to chillers. Model Certikin’s 1000m x 800m is
chosen. The unit is to ensure the hygiene of the closed water loops and reduce any health risks such as
Legionnaires’ disease.
❖ AIE ELIMINATOR [Appendix-AC21]
Eliminating bacteria and virus is vital to the quality of water quality. The unit is installed before chilled
❖ CHILLED WATER PIPE [Appendix-AC22]
Chilled water should be supplied to terminal units (PAU, AHU, FCU) so chilled water pipe sizing refers to
the chilled water flow rate in selected terminal units’ catalogues. The sizing is based on ASHRAE ‘frictional
loss for water in commercial steel pipe as known as galvanized steel’. This pipe goes through the whole
building in the AHU room and AC plant room.
❖ CONDENSING WATER PIPE [Appendix-AC23]
The sizing is also based on ASHRAE ‘frictional loss for water in commercial steel pipe as known as
galvanized steel’. the header, main and branch pipes has been sized.
❖ WATER PUMP
There are four pumps in the systems: make-up transfer pumps are installed in A/C makeup water plant
room; primary chilled water pumps, secondary chilled water pumps and condenser water pumps are installed
in the chiller plant room of R/F. Makeup transfer pumps are in duty all the day since it consists of 2 sets of
pump only, but all other are three sets of pumps (one standby and two duty).
Friction head Fitting head Total head
23.41697 m 14.716 m 38.133 m [Appendix-AC29]
The critical path of the chilled water secondary pump is from R/F to B/F FCU in lift lobby:
Total head loss Flow rate Model[Appendix-AC27]
47.92 m 92.598 L/s KSB’s Etanorm SYT, Etabloc, Series 125-100-250

AIR DIFFUSION PERFORMANCE INDEX (ADPI) [Appendix-AC28]

ADPI is a single number that quantifies the overall comfort of a space when in cooling. ADPI also is the
percentage of points in a space where the effective draft temperature is between -19oC and -17oC, the air
velocity is less than 0.36m/s. A higher percentage of occupants in office-type occupations. In the ADPI
calculation, the “ Grade A” office target value is lager than 90. From the calculation, the ADPI value is in
the range of larger than 90, which is excellent. The calculation is according to 2013 ASHRAE Handbook,
Chapter 20, table3, the range for ADPI>90 is 1.4 – 2.7.

ENERGY PLUS
Energy Plus is the software to determine the total cooling load of the proposed building corresponding to its
structure and usage characteristics. Assuming the working hour of office is from Monday to Friday at 7am
to 7pm and Saturday at 7am to 12noon, the opening hour of B-1/F is everyday 7am to 10pm, and adding
other building characteristics into the software, the total cooling load calculated by the software is 1287kW,
which is close to the calculated result based on ROT method.

CONCLUSION OF HVAC
Some architectural layout has been amended to obtain more suitable building services design. All-water
system is selected in this design: retail shops and department store is PAU and FCU supply; office is PAU,
AHU and VAV box. The designed system gives comfortable and hygienic environment for occupants in
working or shopping, and also target at provide high quality with high building sustainability.

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BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D

Appendix – ROT & Air-side System Store room 10.50 8.00 1.31 8 10.50 220 2310 load Qtot (kW) load Qpau (kW) load Qahu (kW)
AC-01 Rule-of thumb 2-16/F 58.76 29.89 28.87
lift lobby 7.60 10.00 0.76 1 0.76 100 760
The colored data represents ROT data from EMSD, ASHRAE & CIBSE. Cooling Load Summary
B/F Total 378.1 59 457.14 58763 From CIBSE Guide A, retail shop: 12W/m2
Zone Area Occ. Occ. OA OA Rule- Total Total cooling load of building 1043.06 kW From 2013 ASHRAE Handbook, office: 55W/occupant
densit numb rate require of- coolin Floor Total PAU FCU/ Space Space SHR
Load Density 160.07 W/m cooling coil's AHU latent sensible
y er d thumb g load load load coil's load load load
m2 m2/p p l/s.p l/s W/m2 W AC-02 FCU, PAU & AHU Sizing kW kW kW kW kW
Retail 26.80 2.50 10.72 8 85.76 180 4824 FCU Coil's load Q fcu=pVΔh, p=1.2kg/m B/G 34.8574 11.58 23.28 1.71 21.57 0.82
shop 1 B/F G/F 54.91 14.87 40.04 3.70 36.34 0.86
Retail 29.16 2.50 11.66 8 93.31 180 5248.8 Zone OA required *houtdoor *hPAU QFCU(kW) 1/F 71.85 52.74 19.11 4.73 14.39 0.80
shop 2 (L/s) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg) Subtotal 79.19
Retail 18.17 2.50 7.27 8 58.14 180 3270.6 2-16/F 58.76 29.89 28.87 3.27 25.60 0.64
Retail shop 1 85.76 89.33 46.24 4.434
Total 1043.06 527.57 59.16 456.33 0.64
shop 3 Retail shop 2 93.31 89.33 46.24 4.825
lift lobby 7.60 10.00 0.76 1 0.76 100 760 Retail shop 3 58.14 89.33 46.24 3.007 PAU Flow Rate
Commo 115.30 2.50 46.12 4.6 212.15 180 20754 Lift lobby 0.76 89.33 46.24 0.039 Zone Flow Rate (m3/s)
n Area PAU01 for B-1/F 1.76887
Common area 212.15 89.33 46.24 10.970
PAU02 & 03 for 2-16/F office 6.8571
Total 142.1 98 624.9 34857 Total Qfcu 23.275
G/F Total PAU = Qtotal - Qfcu 11.582 AHU Flow Rate Vs= Qrs x us/[Cpx(tr-ts)]
Retail 27.11 2.50 10.84 8 86.75 180 4879.8 G/F Qrs Vs Room Supply FlowRate
shop 4 (kW) (m3/kg) temperature (OC) temperature (OC) (m3/s)
Retail shop 4 86.75 89.33 46.24 4.486
Retail 76.60 2.50 30.64 8 245.12 180 13788 25.60 0.85 24 14 3.2418
Retail shop 5 245.12 89.33 46.24 12.675
shop 5 Retail shop 6 139.20 89.33 46.24 7.198 AC-03 Schedule of FCU
Retail 43.50 2.50 17.40 8 139.20 180 7830 Retail shop 7 46.72 89.33 46.24 2.416 From the TRANE’s catalogue:
shop 6 Lift lobby 0.76 89.33 46.24 0.039 Brand Model Cooling Capacity Air Volume
Retail 14.60 2.50 5.84 8 46.72 180 2628 Common area 255.76 89.33 46.24 13.225 TRANE 3 row coil HFCF12 7.42 kW 375 L/s
shop 7 Total Qfcu 40.038 Water Flow Water Drop Noise Power Input
lift lobby 7.60 10.00 0.76 1 0.76 100 760 Total PAU = Qtotal - Qfcu 14.868 0.539 L/s 38 L/s 35 dB 114 W
Common 139.00 2.50 55.60 4.6 255.76 180 25020 1/F
Area Depeartment store 329.53 89.33 46.24 17.039
Total 308.41 121 774.31 54905.8 store room 39.33 89.33 46.24 2.034
1/F Lift lobby 0.76 89.33 46.24 0.039
Departme 346.87 8.00 43.36 7 329.53 180 62436. Total Qfcu 52.737
nt store 6 Total PAU = Qtotal - Qfcu 82.425
store room 39.33 8.00 4.92 8 39.33 220 8652.6 Total Qpau for a PAU serving B,G,1/F 79.187
0 B/F
PAU Coil’s Load Zone Cooling OA (L/s) Minimum No. FCU
Lift Lobby 7.60 10.00 0.76 1 0.76 100 760.00
QPAU = (Vo/Vcc)[(hsf-hcc)-(wsf-wcc)(Cpw)(tw)] Load (kW) of FCU used
Total 393.8 49 369.62 71849
Floor OA Supply air hsf hcc Cpw Qpau
2-16/F Retail Shop 1 4.43 0.296356 0.8 1
required (kg/m3) (kJ/kg (kJ/kg) (kJ/k (kW)
Director 14.78 5.00 2.96 8 23.65 240 3547 (L/s) Vo vcc ) g) Retail Shop 2 4.82 0.322454 0.9 1
room 2- 6857.07 0.8220 89.5 35 4.18 Retail Shop 3 3.01 0.200925 0.5 1
Conferenc 27.10 2.00 13.55 8 108.40 270 7317 16/F Wsf Wcc (kg/kg) tw (kg/kg) 448.39 Lift Lobby 0.04 0.002626 0.007 1
e room (kg/kg) Common Area 10.97 0.733123 2.0 3
0.0216 0.0088 14 Total FCU used on B/F 7
OpenOffic 303.75 8.00 37.97 8 303.75 140 42525
G/F
Pantry 14.40 5.00 2.88 3.5 10.08 160 2304. AHU Coil’s Load Qahu = Qtotal - Qpau
Zone Cooling OA (L/s) Minimum No. FCU
Floor Total cooling PAU cooling AHU cooling
BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D

Load (kW) of FCU used Retail Shop 5 12.67 0.847049 5.6 6

Retail Shop 6 7.20 0.481026 3.2 3
Retail Shop 4 4.49 0.299784 0.8 1
Retail Shop 7 2.42 0.161448 1.1 1
Retail Shop 5 12.67 0.847049 2.3 3
Lift Lobby 0.04 0.002626 0.0 1
Retail Shop 6 7.20 0.481026 1.3 2
Common 13.22 0.883817
Retail Shop 7 2.42 0.161448 0.4 1 AC-06 Schedule of VAV Box 5.9
Area 6
Lift Lobby 0.04 0.002626 0.0 1 No. of VAV Box used is calculated as followed: Total diffuser used on G/F 19
Common Area 13.22 0.883817 2.4 3 Zone on Office floor Space sensible OA (L/s) Minimum VAV 1/F
Total FCU used on G/F 11 load (kW) No. of VAV used Department 17.04 1.138728
1/F Director Room 1.13 0.08 0.2 1 7.6 8
store
Department 17.04 1.138728 3.0 6 Conference Room 2.07 0.14 0.4 2 Store room 2.03 0.135911 0.9 1
store Open Office 23.19 1.55 4.1 9 Lift Lobby 0.04 0.002626 0.0 1
Store room 2.03 0.135911 0.4 1 Pantry 1.10 0.07 0.2 1 Total diffuser used on 1/F 10
Lift Lobby 0.04 0.002626 0.0 1 store room 0.80 0.05 0.1 1 2-16/F
Total FCU used on 1/F 8 Total VAV Box used on each 2-16/F 14 Zone Cooling OA (L/s) Minimum Diffuser
AC-04 Schedule of PAU VAV Box model: TRANE VALV10 Load (kW) No. used
Zone Required Flow Required PAU PAU No. Location Director 1.13 0.08
Rate (m3/s) Load (kW) 0.5 1
Room
B,G,1/F 1.769 79.19 PAU01 B/F Conference 2.07 0.14
0.9 5
2-16/F 3.429 263.79 PAU02 - 03 R/F Room
Open Office 23.19 1.55 10.3 27
PAU No. PAU01 PAU02, PAU03
AC-07 Schedule of Diffuser Pantry 1.10 0.07 0.5 1
PAU Model 39XT1420 39XT2226 RETURN AIR GRILLE PERFORMANCE DATA
Brand Model Size Store room 0.80 0.05 0.4 1
Cooling Capacity 114.02 kW 307.16 kW FLOW [l/s]
HVC Louvre faced ceiling diffuser 600mm x 600mm TYPE
NOMINAL
Total diffuser used
RESISTANCE on each 2-16/F RESISTANCE (Pa) DUCT MOUNTED35
(Pa) DROP-IN
No. of Rows 4 4 series CD4 SIZE

Air Volume (L/s) 555.56 12500

AC-08 Schedule of Return Louvre 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20

Flow Rate Noise Throw(min-max) 495 x 495 219 310 380 438 242 342 419 484

ChW Flow (L/s) 6.1 16.8 0.15m3/s 27 dB 2.8 – 6.7 m RCV

Brand 441
495 x 995 623 Model
763 881 474 671 Size 822 949
595 x 595
317 448 548 633 344 486 596 688
RICKARD Standard Type RSV with 677 595mm1172x
Dimension(LxWxH)(mm) 1604x1904x1604 2404x2704x2304 595 x 1195 636 899 1102 1272 957 1353
495 x 495 176 248 Filter
304 351 196 1195mm
277 339 392

RSV
Location
495 x 995 374 Flow Rate
528 647 747 Resistance Drop-in
405 573 702 810
595 x 595 264 373 457 527 289 408 500 577
Office 555
595 x 1195
0.457m
785
3/s
962 1110 593
15Pa
839 1028 1187
495 x 495 104
RETURN
147
AIR GRILLE
180 208
PERFORMANCE
115 162 199
DATA230
495 x 995 209 296 362 419 270 381 467 539
RCV (Filter)
595 x 595 150 213 261 301FLOW [l/s] 163 231 283 327
NOMINAL
TYPE 595 x 1195 302 RESISTANCE
427 (Pa) DROP-IN
523 604 321 RESISTANCE
454 (Pa) DUCT 557
MOUNTED 643
SIZE
B/F 495 x 495 5
83 10
118 15
144 20
167 5
93 10
132 15
161 20
186
495 xx 995
495 495 219
177 310
251 380
307 438
355 242
192 342
272 419
333 484
385
AC-05 Schedule of AHU Zone Cooling OA (L/s) Minimum Diffuser RSV (Filter)
495 xx 595
595 995 441
125 623
177 763
217 881
251 474
137 671
194 822
237 949
274
RCV
Load (kW) No. used 595xx1195
595
AC-09 Schedule of Transfer Air Grille
595 317
264 448
373 548
457 633
527 344
282 486
399 596
488 688
564
Zone Required Flow Required PAU AHU No. 595 x 1195 636 899 1102 1272 677 957 1172 1353

Rate (m3/s) Load (kW) Retail Shop 1 4.43 0.296356 2.0 2

Brand
495 x 495 176 248
Model 304 351
Size 196
392 277 339
To calculate the Volume Flow rate in l/s at a specific desired pressure drop for sizes not listed please use the following formula
Retail Shop 2 4.82 0.322454 2.1 2 RSV
495 x 995
HALTON
374 528 647
TVC Transfer Grille
747 405
810
600mm x 300mm 577
573 702
2-16/F 0.457 28.87 AHU01 - 15 Q = a x √P x (H595
+ bx+595
c) x (W + 264
b + c) 373 457 527 289 408 500
Retail Shop 3 3.01 0.200925 1.3 1 Pressure
595 x 1195 loss 555 Flow
785 Rate
962 1110 593 Location
839 1028 1187

AHU No. AHU01 - 15 Lift Lobby 0.04 0.002626 0.0 1 a

495 x 495
20 Pa Filter104
0.0004 No filter 147
0.172 180
L/s 208 115 162
Male,270Female, 199
Disabled 230
495 x 995
0.00019 209 296 362 419 381 467 539
AHU Model 39XT1317 Common 10.97 0.733123 RCV (Filter)
595
0 x 595 150 213 261 301 toilets,
163 corridor
231 283 327
4.9
RCV
b
595
-52x 1195 RSV302 427 523 604 321 454 557 643
Cooling Capacity 35.46 kW Area 8 495
25 x 495 Duct Mounted
83 118 144 167 93 132 161 186

No. of Rows 4 Total Diffuser used on B/F 14 c

RSV (Filter)
495
0 x 995 177
Drop-In 251 307 355 192 272 333 385
595 x 595 125 177 217 251 137 194 237 274
Air Volume (L/s) 1667 G/F P -
595 x 1195
Pressure
264 373 457 527 282 399 488 564
H - Height
ChW Flow (L/s) 1.7 Zone Cooling OA (L/s) Minimum Diffuser W - Width

Dimension(LxWxH)(mm) 3408x1804x1504 Load (kW) No. used To calculate the Volume Flow rate in l/s at a specific desired pressure drop for sizes not listed please use the following formula

Retail Shop 4 4.49 0.299784 2.0 2 Q = a x √P x (H + b + c) x (W + b + c)

0.0004 No filter
a
0.00019 Filter
0 RCV
b
-52 RSV
BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D
AC-10 Supply Air Duct Sizing
v Horizontal Main Supply Duct
Floor Flow Rate (L/s) Velocity(m/s) Duct Size(mm) (WxH) 3 777.14 6 400 x 350 A/C plant room 10 15.94 4 63.76 177.1
2 -16/F 3412.4 8.53 1000 x 400 2 388.57 5.2 400 x 200 Total exhaust rate of each2-16/F 532 L/s
v Supply Air Branch Duct v Horizontal Pretreated Air Duct AC-15 Schedule of Exhaust Air Grille and Duct Sizing
No of VAV Box Flow Rate (L/s) Velocity (m/s) Duct Size (mm) Duct Size (mm) Brand Model Size
(W x H) Zone Flow Rate(L/s) Velocity (m/s)
(W x H) WATERLOO 2H/600/300/PPM9010/25SF/0BSS 595mm x
1 375 5.1 300 x 250 Each office floor 228.57 4.4 350 x 150 295mm
2 750 6 500 x 250 Lift Lobby 160 4 300 x 150 Flow Rate Location
3 1125 6.2 600 x 300 AC-13 Return Air Duct Sizing 60 L/s Male, Female & Disabled toilets, AHU plant room
4 1500 7 700 x 300
A main return air duct is from each office to each AHU plant room.
5 1875 7.4 700 x 350
6 2250 7.8 850 x 350 Duct Size (mm)
Floor Flow Rate(L/s) Velocity (m/s)
7 2625 8 850 x 400 (W x H)
8 3000 8.2 900 x 400 2-16/F 4200 9.1 1150 x 400
9 3375 8.7 950 x 400 AC-14 Exhaust Air Rate
10 3750 9 1050 x 400 According to Building Department Practice Note for Authorized
11 4125 9.2 1150 x 400 Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered
12 4500 9.5 1200 x 400 Geotechnical Engineers PNAP ADM2, the exhaust rate of toilet and
13 4875 9.7 1250 x 400 pantry is 10 ACH and of plant room is 12ACH.
14 5250 9.8 1200 x 450 Exhaust Air Rate = ACH x 1000x volume /3600
AC-11 Main Fresh Air Duct Sizing B/F B/F
Zone Air change Total Floor to Volume Exhaus Zone Exhaust air Actual Horizontal
Floor (PAU) Flow Rate(L/s) Velocity Duct Size (mm) (WxH) Min. no. of
rate per area suspended (m3) t air rate (L/s) no. of Duct Size
B/F PAU01 1769 7.5 m/s 700 x 350 hour (m2) ceiling (L/s) EAG required
R/F PAU02 3428.55 8.9 m/s 950 x 400 EAG (mm) (W x H)
(ACH) height (m) Male Toilet 123.2 2.05 3 350 x 150
R/F PAU03 3428.55 8.9 m/s 950 x 400 Male Toilet 10 11.09 4 44.36 123.2
AC-12 Pretreated Air Duct Sizing Female Toilet 148.8 2.48 3 350 x 150
Female Toilet 10 13.39 4 53.56 148.8 Disable Toilet 41.2 0.69 1 250 x 150
v Vertical pretreated duct Disable Toilet 10 3.71 4 14.84 41.2 A/C plant room 642.3 2.57 3 350 x 150
PAU 01 (B, G, 1/F) A/C plant room 12 38.54 5 192.7 642.3 Security room 54.8 0.91 1 200 x 100
Floor Flow Rate(L/s) Velocity (m/s) Duct Size (mm) (W x H) Security room 10 3.944 5 19.72 54.8 LV switch room 598.2 2.39 3 350 x 150
LV switch room 12 35.89 5 179.45 598.2 3 350 x 150
B 1768.69 7.3 800 X 300 P&D plant room 649.2 2.60
P&D plant room 12 38.95 5 194.75 649.2
G 1143.93 6.6 600 X 300 G/F
Total exhaust rate of B/F 2257.7 L/s 4 350 x 200
1 369.62 5.1 350 X 200 F.S plant room 943.2 3.77
G/F 3 350 x 150
Male Toilet 154.0 2.57
PAU 02&03 (2-16/F Office floor) Male Toilet 10 11.09 4 44.36 123.2
Female Toilet 186.0 3.10 4 350 x 150
Floor Flow Rate(L/s) Velocity (m/s) Duct Size (mm) (WxH) Female Toilet 10 13.39 4 53.56 148.8
Disable Toilet 51.5 0.86 1 250 x 150
16 5828.55 9.7 1000 x 600 Disable Toilet 10 3.71 4 14.84 41.2
FS Control Room 943.2 3.77 4 350 x 200
15 5439.98 9.6 950 x 600 FS Control
12 10.15 6 60.9 203.0 1/F
Room
14 5051.41 9.5 900 x 600 Male Toilet 98.6 2.56 4 350 x 150
F.S plant room 12 56.59 5 282.95 943.2
13 4662.84 9.3 900 x 550 Female Toilet 119.0 3.09 4 350 x 150
Total exhaust rate of G/F 705.72 L/s
12 4274.27 9.1 800 x 600 Disable Toilet 41.2 1.07 1 250 x 150
1/F (Supermarket)
2/16/F
11 3885.7 9 800 x 550 Male Toilet 10 11.09 4 44.36 123.2
Male Toilet 92.4 1.54 2 300 x 150
10 3497.13 8.9 650 x 600 Female Toilet 10 13.39 4 53.56 148.8
Female Toilet 111.6 1.86 2 300 x 150
9 3108.56 8.7 650 x 550 Disable Toilet 10 3.71 4 14.84 41.2
Disable Toilet 30.9 0.52 1 250 x 150
Total exhaust rate of 1/F 444.7 L/s
8 2719.99 8.2 650 x 500 Pantry 120.0 2.00 2 200 x 150
2-16/F (Office)
7 2331.42 8 650 x 450 A/C plant room 177.1 0.71 1 300 x 150
Male Toilet 10 11.09 3 33.27 92.4
6 1942.85 7.6 550 x 450 For back of each water closets of all male and female toilets:
Female Toilet 10 13.39 3 40.17 111.6
5 1554.28 7.1 550 x 400 Flow Rate (L/s) Duct Size (mm) Mini. No of EAG Actual No. of EAG
Disable Toilet 10 3.71 3 11.13 30.9
Pantry 10 14.4 3 43.2 120.0 10.34 100 x 100 0.739 1
4 1165.71 6.3 400 x 450
BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D
AC-16 Centralized Exhaust Air Duct Sizing Fitting loss due to friction According to 2012 ASHRAE Handbook Equivalent Diameter: de=1.3(W x H)^0.625/(W x H)^0.25
Floor Air Flow Cumulative Rectangular Velocity Hydraulic diameter (fully filled):DH= (2xWxH)/(W+H) = 2x area / perimeter Friction loss: ΔP = 1000fL1.02V2/Dh.2
Rate (L/s) Flow Rate(L/s) duct (mm) (m/s) Floor Equivalent Duct Perimeter of Hydraulic Velocity Length of Friction Loss Frictional Loss
16/F 11626.0 128761.0 850 X 1200 11.5 Diameter (mm) Area (m ) rectangular duct (mm) Diameter (mm)
2 (m/s) straight duct (m) Factor (m)
15/F 11094.0 117135.0 850 X 1150 11.4 16 &R 1099.97 1.020 4100 995.12 11.5 4 0.01468 3.9799
14/F 10562.0 106041.0 850 X 1100 11.3 15 1077.73 0.978 4000 977.50 11.4 4 0.01482 4.0195
13/F 10030.0 95479.0 850 X 1000 11.2 14 1054.85 0.935 3900 958.97 11.3 4 0.01489 4.0446
12/F 9497.9 85449.0 800 X 1100 11.1 13 1007.02 0.850 3700 918.92 11.2 4 0.0150 4.1772
11/F 8965.9 75951.1 750 X 1100 11 12 1022.25 0.880 3800 926.32 11.1 4 0.01512 4.1027
10/F 8433.88 66985.17 750 X 1050 10.9 11 988.40 0.825 3700 891.89 11 4 0.01528 4.2289
9/F 7901.85 58551.29 750 X 1000 10.7 10 966.68 0.788 3600 875.00 10.9 4 0.01532 4.2436
8/F 7369.82 50649.44 750 X 950 10.3 9 944.27 0.750 3500 857.14 10.7 4 0.01547 4.2154
7/F 6837.79 43279.62 750 X 900 10.1 8 921.13 0.713 3400 838.24 10.3 4 0.01561 4.0303
6/F 6305.77 36441.82 750 X 850 10 7 897.20 0.675 3300 818.18 10.1 4 0.01567 3.9856
5/F 5773.7 30136.1 750 X 800 9.9 6 872.40 0.638 3200 796.88 10 4 0.01572 4.0243
4/F 5241.7 24362.3 750 X 750 9.8 5 846.65 0.600 3100 774.19 9.9 4 0.01582 4.0856
3/F 4709.7 19120.6 750 X 700 9.6 4 819.87 0.563 3000 750.00 9.8 4 0.01598 4.1744
2/F 4177.7 14410.92 750 X 600 9.3 3 791.96 0.525 2900 724.14 9.6 4 0.01605 4.1670
1/F 3645.6 10233.27 750 X 550 9.1 2 732.18 0.450 2700 666.67 9.3 4 0.01625 4.3007
G/F 3386.81 6587.64 700 X 550 8.8 1 700.00 0.413 2600 634.62 9.1 5 0.01633 4.3470
B/F 3200.8 3200.8 700 X 500 8.6 G 677.06 0.385 2500 616.00 8.8 6 0.01660 4.2572
B 644.45 0.350 2400 583.33 8.6 1 0.01680 4.3453
AC-17 Centralized Exhaust Fan Sizing and Schedule
Total Frictional Loss 74.7292 Pa
Frictional Fitting loss (Pa) Total head loss
v Head loss due to Fitting hloss = f(L/Dh) v /2g
2
loss (Pa) (Pa)
Floor LxV2 T,flow to Fire Damper with 90obend Transition to Transition to Cumulative Factor Head Loss due to
Vertical 74.7292 199.115 273.8442
/ /2gDh branch parallel blades with vanes rectangular duct asymmetric fan fitting (Pa)
Horizontal Main 74.7292 53.14 127.869
factor 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.05 0.1
Horizontal Branch 100.98 107.33 208.31
R 27.09 1 1 0.6 16.254
Critical Path R/F PAU room to B/F FS Plant Room 16 27.09 1 1 0.35 9.483
Static Pressure 273.8442 Pa 15 27.11 1 1 0.35 9.487
14 27.15 1 1 0.35 9.501
Brand Model Flow Rate
13 27.83 1 1 0.35 9.741
FANTECH 4-pole DWDI-54 CW.180 13.5m3/s
12 27.12 1 1 0.35 9.491
Fan Size Dimension(mm) (LxWxH) Static Pressure 11 1 1 0.35
27.66 9.681
54 1135 x 1365 x 1195 350Pa 10 27.68 1 1 0.35 9.689
9 27.23 1 1 0.35 9.531
8 25.80 1 1 0.35 9.031
7 25.42 1 1 0.35 8.897
6 25.58 1 1 0.35 8.954
5 25.81 1 1 0.35 9.033
4 26.11 1 1 0.35 9.137
3 25.95 1 1 0.35 9.081
2 26.45 1 1 0.35 9.257
1 33.25 1 1 0.35 11.639
G 38.44 1 1 0.35 13.456
B 32.31 1 1 0.55 17.771
Total Fitting Loss 119.115 Pa
BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D

Appendix – Water-side System ACV20 - Make-up & Bleed-off Water Tank Sizing
ACV18 - Chiller Sizing According to the Pilot Scheme (2015), tanks sizing are as followed. ACV22 - Chilled Water Pipe Sizing
The total cooling load of the building is 1043.06kW. Make-up water tank and bleed off tank sizing From the previous selected models (in Air-side system appendix)
Model: DAIKON EWWD-H-XS-610 Water-Cooled Screw Chiller R134a Equation L/s AHU01to15 PAU01 PAU02&03
Cooling load kW to ton 1035.43kW 0.28434xkW 294.42 Location Each floor of 2-16/F 1/F R/f
No of Cooling Evaporator Condenser Nominal
Circulation rate 0.189xton 55.6 Model Carrier’s 39XT-1317 Carrier’s Carrier’s
Chiller Capacity Nominal Nominal Power 39XT-1420 39XT-2226
Peak Evaporation rate 0.0097x circulation rate 0.54
Flow(L/s) Flow(L/s) Input (kW) Cooling 35.46 114.02 307.16
Operation Load Factor 0.5
2 172.31tons/ 29 34.2 104 Capacity (kW)
606kW Average evaporation peak evaporation rate x 0.27 No. of Rows 4 4 4
Dimension: 1353mm(W) x 3419mm(D) x 2121mm(H) rate operating factor Air Volume 6000 m3/h 20000 m3/h 45000 m3/h
Drift Rate 0.005 x circulation rate 0.28 ChW Flow(L/s) 1.7 6.1 16.8
Concentration Ratio / 2.5 From ASHRAE ‘frictional loss for water in commercial steel pipe as
Peak Bleed-off rate [peak evap rate /(concen. 0.36 known as galvanized steel’:
Ratio-10]-0.0041 AHU Cooling Chilled Water Flow Pipe Size
Average bleed-off rate Peak bleed off x operating 0.1792 Capacity Rate
factor AHU-01to15 35.46 kW 1.7 L/s 50 mm
Total make-up water average evap +drift +average 1.00 PAU location Cooling Chilled Water Pipe Size
rate bleed off Capacity Flow Rate
3-hour storage PAU01 1/G 114.02kW 6.1L/s 80mm
Total volume of Bleed- 0.1779x3.6x3 1.921m3
PAU02to03 each for R/G 307.16kW 16.8 L/s 100mm
off tank
50% load
Bleed-off tank size 1.5x1.5x1 2.25m3
Total volume of Make- 0.475 x 3.6 x3 10.755m3 FCU No. of location Cooling Total Pipe
up water tank FCU Capacity Chilled Size
G/F Make-up tank 2 x 1.5 x 2 12m3 Water Flow
ACV19 - Cooling Tower Sizing Reference Rate
Model: SUPER’s Super Low noise Cross-flow BHD-150t 1. EMSD, Pilot scheme for wider use of fresh water in evaporative FCU01 to 07 7 B/G 23.28kW 3.773L/s 65mm
No Cooling Tenter Tleave Wet Flow rate Fan Nominal cooling tower for energy-efficient air conditioning system 2005, FCU08 to 18 11 G/F 40.04kW 5.929L/s 80mm
of Capacity bulb diameter Power “Table 1, Cooling tower engineering data for traditional water FCU19 to 28 10 1/G 19.11kW 5.39 L/s 80mm
treatment technology” Toilet FCU 2 Each / 1.078 L/s 32mm
CT Input
2. Code of Practice for Water-cooled Air Conditioning System- Part 1 Lift lobby 1 floor 0.76kW 0.539 L/s 25mm
2 150tons/ 37 C 32 C 27 C 1950L/min 1500mm
0 0 0 1.1kW Design, Installation and Commissioning of Cooling FCU
527.5kW (415/50Hz) Tower,2006,Section2&5 v Main Chilled Water Pipe (for both supply and return)
Dimension: 1500mm(W) x 2770mm(W) x 3730mm(H) 3. Code of Practice for Water-cooled Air Conditioning System -Part To Cumulative Pipe Velocity(m/s) Pressure
3: Water Treatment Methods for Cooling Towers, 2006, Section 5.2 Floor Flow Rate (L/s) Size(mm) Drop (Pa/m)
ACV21 - Selection of Air eliminator R 92.598 250 1.886 100
The chilled and condenser water system is in a closed water loop. Air 16 75.798 200 2.413 205
eliminator is installed so as to remove trapped air, micro bubbles and dirt. 15 72.481 200 2.307 200
Model selected: S6 SpiroVent Superior Vacuum Degasser 14 69.164 200 2.202 85
13 65.847 200 2.096 160
12 62.53 200 1.990 150
11 59.213 200 1.885 140
10 55.896 200 1.779 120
9 52.579 200 1.674 110
8 49.262 200 1.568 105
7 45.945 150 2.600 300
6 42.628 150 2.412 280
5 39.311 150 2.225 250
4 35.994 150 2.037 200
3 32.677 150 1.849 170
2 29.36 150 1.661 150
BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D

1 26.043 125 2.122 270 ACV24 – Make-up & Bleed-off Water Tank Pipe Sizing Dimension (mm) (L x W x H) Average weight
G 19.036 100 1.647 150 Water flow is calculated in the above ‘Make-up & Bleed-off Water Tank 1500 x 450 x 600 85kg/m3
B 11.49 80 1.072 170 Sizing’
v Condenser Water Flow Rate Water Main Pipe Header Branch
From Chiller Sizing, each chiller is 606kW cooling capacity. Flow(L/s) (mm) Pipe (mm) Pipe (mm)
Equation Condenser Flow rate Vr Two CT One CT Make-up water 1.0 40 50 25
Q = pVrCpw(Tcl-Tcw) 1212/[1000x4.2(37-32)] 57.71L/s 28.86L/s Bleed-off water 0.1792 25 32 15
v Closed Water Loop (both condenser and chilled water loop) ACV25 – PAU Critical Path Pressure Loss Subtotal 104.93 Pa
Total Water Pipe Size Total Water Pipe Size Critical path of PAU02 &03: from R/F PAU room to 2/F AHU room. Minus: return air duct pressure = 2m x 1Pa/m -15 Pa
Flow Rate (L/s) (mm) Flow Rate (mm) PAU static head required Static head at PAU 02, 03 89.93 Pa
(L/s) v Pressure fitting loss 168.36 Pa From CARRIER’s catalogue, each PAU has 400 Pa air leakage rate.
Main 57.71 200 92.598 250 Velocity Pressure ACV27 - Chilled Water Secondary Pump Selection
Header 57.71 250 92.598 300 = 0.5 x density of air (1.2kg/m3) x v2 The critical path is from R/F to B/F FCU in lift lobby,
Branch 28.86 150 46.299 200 = 0.5 x 1.2 x 9.72(from pretreated air duct sizing)
Head loss = (25+71) x 1000 / (1000 x 9.81)
ACV23 - Condenser Water Pipe Sizing = 56.454 Pa
= 9.786 m
PAU01 PAU02 &03 AHU 01-15 Pressure loss of each branch
Total head loss = 9.789 + 38.133
(each) (each) = zeta factor(0.2) x velocity pressure = 11.29 Pa = 47.92 m
Supply Flow 1.796/ 0.8363 3.429/ 0.8363 1.67 / 0.8363 For 15 branches to AHU of each floor: 11.29 x 15=169.36 Pa Cumulative flow rate at R/F: 92.598 L/s
Rate = 2.1476 kg/s = 4.1 kg/s = 1.99 kg/s v Static head of critical path = 72.5 x 1Pa/m 72.5 Pa Secondary water pump is selected:
(Air volume x v) v Pressure loss in Silencer 75 Pa Model: KSB’s Etanorm SYT, Etabloc, Series 125-100-250
Moisture 0.02107 – 0.02107 – 0.02107 – Model: IAC’s Quiet-Duct Silencer Type 3LFL 900
Speed n = 2900 rpm
Content 0.01146 0.01082 0.01151 Length Silencer face Static Pressure
(houtdoor - hr) =0.00961 =0.01025 kg/kg = 0.00956 kg/kg velocity drop
kg/kg dry air dry air dry air 900 mm 10.16 m/s 75 Pa
Condensing 2.1476 x 4.1 x 0.01025 1.99 x 0.00956 Dimension (mm) (L x W x H) Average weight
Water Flow 0.00961 = 0.042025 L/s =0.01905 L/s 1500 x 600 x 600 75kg/m3
= 0.02064 L/s
Branch Pipe 15 m 15 mm 15 mm
Size (mm) diameter diameter diameter
v Vertical Main Condensing Water Pipe
Floor Equipment Total Cumulative Pipe Size
Flow Rate (L/s) (mm) Subtotal 315.86 Pa
R PAU02 & 03 0.084 15 Minus: fresh air duct pressure = 2m x 1Pa/m -2 Pa
16 AHU15 0.103 20 Static head at PAU 02, 03 313.86 Pa
15 AHU14 0.1221 20 From CARRIER’s catalogue, each PAU has 400 Pa air leakage rate.
14 AHU13 0.1411 20 ACV26 – AHU Critical Path Pressure Loss
13 AHU12 0.1602 20 Critical path of each AHU: from AHU room to store room.
12 AHU11 0.1793 25 AHU static head required
11 AHU10 0.1983 25 v Pressure fitting loss 34.925 Pa
Velocity Pressure AC-28 ADPI Calculation
10 AHU09 0.2174 25 According to ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 20, table 3
9 AHU08 0.2364 25 = 0.5 x density of air (1.2kg/m3) x v2
8 AHU07 0.2555 25 = 0.5 x 1.2 x 8.532(from pretreated air duct sizing)
7 AHU06 0.2745 25 = 43.66 Pa
6 AHU05 0.2936 25 Pressure loss of each branch
= zeta factor(0.2) x velocity pressure = 8.73 Pa
5 AHU04 0.3126 25
For 4 branches to office store room: 8.73 x 4 =34.925 Pa
4 AHU03 0.3317 32
v Static head of critical path = 30 x 1Pa/m 30 Pa T0.25/L
3 AHU02 0.3507 32
v Pressure loss in Silencer 40 Pa Corner area 4/1.8 = 2.22
2 AHU01 0.3698 32
B PAU01 0.3903 32 Center area 4/2.4 = 1.67
Model: IAC’s Quiet-Duct Silencer Type 3LFL 900 Perimeter area 4/2.19 = 1.83
Length Silencer face Static Pressure ASHRAE ADPI>90, 1.4 – 2.7
velocity drop
900 mm 9.14 m/s 40 Pa
 BSE 3712 INTERGRATED SYSTEM DESIGN HVAC LAM SEE VIM 16048404D

Notes of chilled water secondary pump sizing: ACV29 - Chilled Water Secondary Pump Sizing (fitting and friction loss calculation)
• Kinematic viscosity at 7oC and 12oC are 1.4272E-6 m2/s and Section Pipe Velocity Re (105) Relative Friction Length Friction Quantity K Fitting
1.2347E-6 m2/s. Size (m/s) Roughness factor, f (m) Head (m) factor Head (m)
90o Tee Bra Gate Globe
• Effective Roughness of pipe is 0.000152 mm elbow Line nch valve valve
• According to 2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamental, 0–1 250 1.886 3.30367 0.000608 0.018806 56 0.76371 12 8 16 2 2 27.74 5.0291
Friction loss hfriction = fLu2/2Dg; 1–2 200 2.413 3.38144 0.00076 0.019553273 20 0.58028 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2849
Fitting loss hfitting = Ku2/2g 2–3 200 2.413 3.38144 0.00076 0.019553273 20 0.58028 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2849
K factor:
3–4 200 2.307 3.23290 0.00076 0.019597813 20 0.53162 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2604
90o elbow: 0.25 Tee line: 0.09
Tee branch: 1 Gate valve: 1 Globe valve: 4 4–5 200 2.202 3.08576 0.00076 0.019645645 20 0.48551 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2373
• Reynolds number, relative roughness and friction factor are found 5–6 200 2.096 2.93722 0.00076 0.019698187 20 0.44107 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2150
from Moody’s Chart. 6–7 200 1.990 2.78868 0.00076 0.019755615 20 0.39875 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1938
7–8 200 1.885 2.64153 0.00076 0.019818041 20 0.35891 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1739
References 8–9 200 1.779 2.49299 0.00076 0.019887541 20 0.32080 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1549
9 – 10 200 1.674 2.34585 0.00076 0.019963877 20 0.28514 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1371
Ø The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,
10 – 11 200 1.568 2.19731 0.00076 0.020049856 20 0.25125 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1203
"Climatological information services," in Hong Kong Observatory, 2016.
[Online]. Available: http://www.hko.gov.hk/cis/climat_e.htm. Accessed: 11 – 12 150 2.600 2.73262 0.0010133 0.020884143 20 0.95941 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.3308
Apr. 8, 2016. 12 – 13 150 2.412 2.53503 0.0010133 0.020961284 20 0.82873 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2847
Ø ASHRAE, 2012 ASHRAE Handbook. Amer Society of Heating, 2012.3. 13 – 14 150 2.225 2.33850 0.0010133 0.021049388 20 0.70817 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2422
Ø ASHRAE 2013 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals 14 – 15 150 2.037 2.14090 0.0010133 0.021152229 20 0.59646 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2030
Ø EMSD COP for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installation, 20154. 15 – 16 150 1.94331 0.0010133 0.021273257 20 3 2 0 3 0
1.849 0.49425 0.96 0.1673
Ø ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2013, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality 16 – 17 150 1.661 1.74572 0.0010133 0.021417947 20 0.40157 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1350
Ø EMSD Pilot Scheme for Wider Use of Fresh Water in Evaporative 17 – 18 125 2.122 1.85853 0.001216 0.022084329 43 1.74355 10 10 0 10 0 3.5 0.8033
Cooling Towers for Energy-efficient Air Conditioning System, April 2005. 18 – 19 100 1.647 1.15400 0.00152 0.023750072 60 1.97017 10 10 0 20 0 3.6 0.4977
Ø EMSD Fresh Water Cooling Towers Scheme for Air Conditioning System, *19 – 20 80 1.072 0.60089 0.0019 0.026062529 54 1.03041 10 10 0 10 1 3.5 0.2050
Nov 2010. 20 – 21 80 1.072 0.69458 0.0019 0.025737883 20 0.37688 10 10 0 10 10 3.5 0.2050
Ø CIBSE Psychrometric Chart
21 – 22 100 1.647 1.33392 0.00152 0.023530308 20 0.65065 10 10 0 10 0 3.5 0.4839
Ø CIBSE Guide C Reference Data
Ø CIBSE Guide F Energy efficiency in buildings 22 – 23 125 2.122 2.14829 0.001216 0.021915332 20 0.80475 10 10 0 10 0 3.5 0.8033
Ø BEAM Plus Existing Building Comprehensive Scheme, HKGBC, 2015. 23 – 24 150 1.661 2.01789 0.001216 0.021225131 20 0.39795 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1350
Ø ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Systems and Equipment, 2008.10. 24 – 25 150 1.849 2.24629 0.001216 0.021095389 20 0.49012 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1673
Ø ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2013, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air 25 – 26 150 2.037 2.47469 0.001216 0.020987014 20 0.59180 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2030
Quality.11. ASHRAE Journal, Primary-Only vs. Primary-secondary 26 – 27 150 2.225 2.70308 0.001216 0.020895036 20 0.70298 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2422
Variable Flow System, Steven T. Taylor, P.E., 2002. 12. ASHRAE 27 – 28 150 2.412 2.93026 0.001216 0.02081632 20 0.82300 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2847
Designing for Comfort (ADPI), 2011.
28 – 29 150 2.600 3.15866 0.001216 0.020747464 20 0.95313 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.3308
Ø General Specification For Air-conditioning, Refrigeration, Ventilation and
Central Monitoring & Control System Installation in Government 29 – 30 200 1.568 2.53988 0.00076 0.019864835 20 0.24893 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1203
Buildings of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2012. 30 – 31 200 1.674 2.71159 0.00076 0.019787581 20 0.28262 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1371
Ø COP of Prevention of Legionnaire’s Disease and Information Pamphlet, 31 – 32 200 1.779 2.88167 0.00076 0.019719054 20 0.31808 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1549
2000. 32 – 33 200 1.885 3.05337 0.00076 0.019656718 20 0.35599 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1739
Ø Fire Precautions in the Design, Construction and Use of Buildings - Part 4:
33 – 34 200 1.990 3.22345 0.00076 0.019600769 20 0.39562 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.1938
COP for Smoke Control Using Pressure Differentials, British Standard,
1998, BS 5588-4:1988. 34 – 35 200 2.096 3.39516 0.00076 0.019549336 20 0.43774 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2150
Ø Legislation and Publications Affecting the Building Industry, Building 35 – 36 200 2.202 3.56686 0.00076 0.019502311 20 0.48197 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2373
Department, 2011. 36 – 37 200 2.307 3.73694 0.00076 0.019459529 20 0.52787 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2604
Ø Fire Service Department Circular Letter No. 3/2006. 37 – 1 200 2.413 3.90864 0.00076 0.019419713 20 0.57631 3 2 0 3 0 0.96 0.2849
1–0 250 1.886 381874 0.000608 0.018654062 20 0.27055 2 2 0 0 2 0.68 0.1233
Total friction head (m) 23.41697 Total Fitting head (m) 14.716
Total head loss = 23.41697 + 14.716 = 38.133 m
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