Problems - I Order Systems
Problems - I Order Systems
Course Title & Code: Process Instrumentation and control & CHE3002
Course Type: EPJ
Slot: L13+L14, L27+L28
Faculty name: Dr.S.Karthika (17025)
Solution
1- 𝑒 −1/𝜏 = 0.9986.
Solution
𝜏 = 15 sec 𝜏𝑓 = 100℃.
y(s) 1
= ⇒ Y (t) = A [1- e−t/τ ]
x(s) τs+1
92 = 80[1- e−t/15 ] + 20
⇒ 𝑡 = 34.54 sec
3. A tank having area of 10m2 and height of 10 m has its liquid level at 2 m.
Both the inflow and outflow are 10m3 / min . If outflow is changed to
5 m3 / min. How long it will take before the tank starts overflowing.
Solution
Mass flow rate in – Mass flow rate out = Rate of accumulation of mass
𝑑ℎ
𝑞0 − 𝑞1 = A
𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ
10 − 5 = 10
𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ 10 t
= 0.5 ⇒ ∫2 dh = ∫0 dt
𝑑𝑡
8 = t (0.5)
⇒ t = 16 min.
4. A tank having a cross sectional area of 2 sqft is operating at steady state with
an inlet flow rate of 2 cubic feet/min. The flow head characteristic is as
shown in the figure. Derive the transfer function H(s)/Q(s). The flow to tank
is increased from 2 to 2.2 cubic feet/min according to step change. Calculate
the level h, 2 min after the change occurs.
Solution
q0 = 2h + 0.4
dh
q − qo = A ----------- 1
dt
dhS
qS − q0S = A ----------- 2
dt
dh
q − 2h − 0.4 = A
dt
dhs
qS − 2hS − 0.4 = A
dt
Ad( h−hS )
( q − qS ) − 2(h − hs ) =
dt
dH
Q – 2H = A
dt
= H(s) [2 s + 2]
H(s) 1
⇒ =
Q(s) 2(s+1)
⇒ qS = q0S
⇒ 2hS + 0.4 = 2
⇒ hS = 0.8 ft
0.2 1
H(s) = x
s 2( s+1)
1
= 0.1 ×
( s+1)
0.1 A B A( s + 1 ) + BS 0.1
= + ⇒ =
s( s + 1) s s+1 s( s + 1) s( s + 1)
h - hs = 0.1[1 − e−t ]
h = hs + 0.1[1 − e−t ]
If hs = 0.8
Solution
𝐇(𝐬) 𝐑
The transfer function is =
𝐐(𝐬) 𝛕 𝐬+𝟏
R/𝜏 2 𝐞−𝐬 /𝜏 𝑅
⇒ H(s) = 𝟏 + 𝟏
𝐬+𝛕 𝐬+𝛕
−t −t
𝑅 1
H(t) = e 𝜏 + 2R ∙ 𝐞−𝟏 ∙ e𝜏
𝜏 𝜏
−t −(𝐭−𝟏)
𝑅 2R
H(t) = e𝜏 + 𝐞 𝛕 for t > 1 ----------- 1
𝜏 τ
= 0.30326
Substitute t = 1 in equation 1
= 0.718 ft
6. Derive the transfer function H(s) / Q(s), for the liquid level system when (i)
Liquid level is at 1m. (ii) Liquid level is at 3m.
Data given: hs= 1m, qo= 10 m3/ min
A= 1 m2, R= 0.5
Solution
dh
q − qo = A ----------- 1
dt
dhS
qS − q0S = A (at steady state) ----------- 2
dt
d(h−hS)
(q − qs ) − (qo − q0S )= A
dt
d(h−hS)
(q − qs ) = A
dt
dH
Q= A
dt
dhS
q − (qo + qv ) = A ----------- 1
dt
dhS
qS − (qos + qvs ) = A (at steady state) ----------- 2
dt
d(h − hS)
(q − qs ) − (qv − qvS ) = A
dt
dH
Q - QV = A
dt
H
QV =
R
H dH
Q- =A
R dt
H(S)
Q(s) – = A[ sH(s) ]
R
H(s) 0.5
=
Q(s) 0.5s(s+1)