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Homework 3

This document contains 24 problems related to probability and statistics concepts. The problems involve constructing probability distributions for random variables related to coin tosses, drawing balls from an urn, rolling dice, and measurement errors. They ask the reader to determine probability functions and distribution functions, find probabilities of events, identify constant values, and graph functions. The problems reference exercises from three probability and statistics textbooks.

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238 views5 pages

Homework 3

This document contains 24 problems related to probability and statistics concepts. The problems involve constructing probability distributions for random variables related to coin tosses, drawing balls from an urn, rolling dice, and measurement errors. They ask the reader to determine probability functions and distribution functions, find probabilities of events, identify constant values, and graph functions. The problems reference exercises from three probability and statistics textbooks.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem Set 3

HANU - Faculty of Information and Technology


Probability & Statistics

Problem 1: [3, Exercise 2.38]


A coin is tossed three times. If X is a random variable giving the number of heads that
arise, construct a table showing the probability distribution of X.

Problem 2: [3, Exercise 2.39]


An urn holds 5 white and 3 black marbles. If 2 marbles are to be drawn at random
without replacement and X denotes the number of white marbles, find the probability
distribution for X.

Problem 3: [3, Exercise 2.40]


Work Problem 2 if the marbles are to be drawn with replacement.

Problem 4: [3, Exercise 2.41]


Let Z be a random variable giving the number of heads minus the number of tails in 2
tosses of a fair coin. Find the probability distribution of Z. Compare with the results
of Examples 2.1 and 2.2.

Problem 5: [3, Exercise 2.42]


Let X be a random variable giving the number of aces in a random draw of 4 cards from
an ordinary deck of 52 cards. Construct a table showing the probability distribution of
X.

Problem 6: [3, Exercise 2.43]


The probability function of a random variable X is shown in the following table. Con-
struct a table giving the distribution function of X
x 1 2 3
f(x) 1/2 1/3 1/6

Problem 7: [3, Exercise 2.44]


Obtain the distribution for (a) Problem 1, (b) Problem 2, (c) Problem 3.

Problem 8: [3, Exercise 2.45]


Obtain the distribution function for (a) Problem 4, (b) Problem 5.

1
Problem 9: [3, Exercise 2.46]
The following table shows the distribution function of a random variable X. Determine
(a) the probability function, (b) P(1 ≤ X ≤ 3), (c) P(X ≥ 2), (d) P(X < 3), (e)
P(X > 1.4).

x 1 2 3 4
F(x) 1/8 3/8 3/4 1

Problem 10: [3, Exercise 2.47]


A random variable X has density function:
 −3x
ce x>0
f (x) =
0 x≤0

Find (a) the constant c, (b) P (1 < X < 2), (c) P (X ≥ 3), (d) P (X < 1).

Problem 11: [3, Exercise 2.48]


Find the distribution function for the random variable of Problem 10. Graph the den-
sity and distribution functions, describing the relationship between them.

Problem 12: [3, Exercise 2.49]


A random variable X has density function
 2
 cx 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
f (x) = cx 2 < x < 3
0 otherwise

Find (a) the constant c, (b) P (X > 2), (c) P (1/2 < X < 3/2).

Problem 13: [3, Exercise 2.50]


Find the distribution function for the random variable X of Problem 12.

Problem 14: [3, Exercise 2.51]


The distribution function of a random variable X is given by
 3
 cx 0 ≤ x < 3
F (x) = 1 x≥3
0 x<0

If P (X = 3) = 0, find (a) the constant c, (b) the density function, (c) P (X > 1), (d)
P (1 < X < 2).

Problem 15: [3, Exercise 2.52]


Can the function 
c(1 − x2 ) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
F (x) =
0 otherwise
be a distribution function? Explain.

2
Problem 16: [3, Exercise 2.53]
Let X be a random variable having density function

cx 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
f (x) =
0 otherwise
1 3
Find (a) the value of the constant c, (b) P ( < X < ), (c) P (X > 1), (d) the distri-
2 2
bution function.

Problem 17: [2, Exercise 3, section 3.1]


Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled, and let X denote the absolute value of the
difference between the two numbers that appear. Determine and sketch the p.f. of X.

Problem 18: [2, Exercise 4, section 3.1]


Suppose that a fair coin is tossed 10 times independently. Determine the p.f. of the
number of heads that will be obtained.

Problem 19: [2, Exercise 5, section 3.1]


Suppose that a box contains seven red balls and three blue balls. If five balls are se-
lected at random, without replacement, determine the p.f. of the number of red balls
that will be obtained.

Problem 20: [2, Exercise 6, section 3.1]


Suppose that a random variable X has the binomial distribution with parameters n =
15 and p = 0.5. Find P(X < 6).

Problem 21: [2, Exercise 4, section 3.2]


Suppose that the p.d.f. of a random variable X is as follows:
 2
cx 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
f (x) =
0 otherwise.

a. Find the value of the constant c and sketch the p.d.f.


b. Find the value of P(X > 3/2).

Problem 22: [2, Exercise 5, section 3.2]


Suppose that the p.d.f. of a random variable X is as follows:

1/8x 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
f (x) =
0 otherwise.

a. Find the value of t such that P(X ≤ t) = 1/4.


b. Find the value of t such that P(X ≥ t) = 1/2.

Problem 23: [1, Exercise 3.5]


Determine the value c so that each of the following functions can serve as a probability
distribution of the discrete random variable X :
2
a. f (x) = c(x
 + 4), forx = 0, 1, 2, 3;
2 3
b. f (x) = c , for x = 0, 1, 2.
x 3−x

3
Problem 24: [1, Exercise 3.30]
Measurements of scientific systems are always subject to variation, some more than
others. There are many structures for measurement error, and statisticians spend a
great deal of time modeling these errors. Suppose the measurement error X of a certain
physical quantity is decided by the density function

k(3 − x2 ) −1 ≤ x ≤ 1,
f (x) =
0, elsewhere.

a) Determine k that renders f(x) a valid density function.


b) Find the probability that a random error in measurement is less than 1/2.
c) For this particular measurement, it is undesirable if the magnitude of the error (i.e.,
|x|) exceeds 0.8. What is the probability that this occurs?

4
References
[1] Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. H., Myers, S. L. and Ye, K., Probability &
Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 9th ed., MA, USA: Prentice-Hall, 2012.

[2] DeGroot, M. H. and Schervish, M. J., Probability and Statistics, 4th ed., MA,
USA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2012.

[3] Murray, R. S., John, J. S. and R, A. Srinivasan, Probability and Statistics,


3rd ed., USA: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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