HELLO!

I am Saret Eang
ICT Teacher at NGS.
You can find me at @Saret Eang

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Getting Started with C++
To start using C++, you need two things:

● A text editor, like Notepad, to write C++

code
● A compiler, like GCC(GNU Compiler
Collection), to translate the C++ code into a
language that the computer will understand

There are many text editors and compilers to

choose from. In this tutorial, we will use an

IDE (see below).

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C++ Install IDE
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
is used to edit AND compile the code.

Popular IDE's include Code::Blocks, Eclipse,

and Visual Studio. These are all free, and they
can be used to both edit and debug C++ code.

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Resource IDE

https://www.eclipse.org/ide/
http://www.codeblocks.org/
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/
https://www.sublimetext.com/3

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Example for single file
Using sublime IDE to run C++, Write some code then Command + B to build, Choose
c++ single file run

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Kk9WLeSW8Pw

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Code to config
{
"shell_cmd": "g++ -std=c++14 \"${file}\" -o
\"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" &&
\"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\"",
"file_regex": "^(..[^:]*):([0-9]+):?([0-9]+)?:? (.*)$",
"working_dir": "${file_path}",
"selector": "source.c, source.c++",
"variants":
[

{
"name": "Run",
"shell_cmd": "g++ -std=c++14 \"${file}\" -o
\"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" &&
\"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\""
}
]
}
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Want big impact?
Use big image.

8
Get Start Coding

Learning Explorin Practice

g

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C++ Syntax
Line 1: #include <iostream> is a
header file library that lets us
work with input and output
objects, such as cout (used in line
5). Header files add functionality
to C++ programs.

Line 2: using namespace std

means that we can use names for
objects and variables from the
standard library.
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C++ Syntax
Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white
space.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in

a C++ program, is int main(). This is
called a function. Any code inside its curly
brackets {} will be executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an

object used together with the insertion
operator (<<) to output/print text. In our
example it will output "Hello World".

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C++ Syntax
Note: Every C++ statement ends with a
semicolon ;.

Note: The body of int main() could also

been written as:

int main () { cout << "Hello World!

"; return 0; }

Remember: The compiler ignores white

spaces. However, multiple lines makes the https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/writing-first-c-
code more readable. program-hello-world-example/

Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing

curly bracket } to actually end the main
function. 12
Omitting Namespace
You might see some C++
programs that runs without the
standard namespace library. The
using namespace std line can be
omitted and replaced with the std
keyword, followed by the ::
operator for some objects:

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C++ Output (Print Text)
The cout object, together with the
<< operator, is used to output
values/print text:

You can add as many cout objects

as you want. However, note that it
does not insert a new line at the
end of the output:

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Welcome to C++
To continue - Section 2

C++ New Lines

To insert a new line, you
can use the \n character:

Tip: Two \n characters

after each other will
create a blank line:

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C++ New Lines

Another way to insert a new line,

is with the endl manipulator:

Both \n and endl are used to

break lines. However, \n is used
more often and is the preferred
way.

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C++ Comments
Comments can be used to explain C++ code, and to make it more readable. It can also
be used to prevent execution when testing alternative code. Comments can be singled-
lined or multi-lined.

Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).

Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by the compiler (will not be
executed).

This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:

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C++ Multi-line Comments

Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.

Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by the compiler:

Single or multi-line comments?
It is up to you which you want to use. Normally, we use // for short comments, and /* */ for longer.

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C++ Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.

In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different keywords), for
example:

● int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
● double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
● char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by
single quotes
● string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by
double quotes
● bool - stores values with two states: true or false

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Declaring (Creating) Variables

To create a variable, you must specify the type and assign it a value:
type variable = value;

Where type is one of C++ types (such as int), and variable is the name of the variable
(such as x or myName). The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.

To create a variable that should store a number, look at the following example:

Create a variable called myNum of type int and assign it the value 15:

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Declaring (Creating) Variables

You can also declare a variable without assigning the value, and assign the value later:

Note that if you assign a new value to an existing variable, it will overwrite the previous
value:

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Other Types
A demonstration of other data types:

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Display Variables

The cout object is used together with the << operator to display variables.

To combine both text and a variable, separate them with the << operator:

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Add Variables Together

To add a variable to another variable, you can use the + operator:

Sum of 5 and 8 is 11
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Exercise:

1. Create a variable named myNum and assign the value 50 to it.

2. Write a program in C++ to print a welcome text in a separate line.
3. Write a program in C++ to print the sum of two numbers.

Sample Output:

Print the sum of two numbers :

-----------------------------------

The sum of 29 and 30 is : 59

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To continue - Section 3

C++ Declare Multiple Variables

Declare Many Variables

To declare more than one variable of the same type, use a comma-separated list:

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C++ Identifiers
All C++ variables must be identified with unique names.

These unique names are called identifiers.

Identifiers can be short names (like x and y) or more descriptive names (age, sum,
totalVolume).

Note: It is recommended to use descriptive names in order to create understandable

and maintainable code:

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C++ Identifiers
The general rules for constructing names for variables (unique identifiers) are:

● Names can contain letters, digits and underscores

● Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
● Names are case sensitive (myVar and myvar are different variables)
● Names cannot contain whitespaces or special characters like !, #, %, etc.
● Reserved words (like C++ keywords, such as int) cannot be used as names

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C++ Constants
When you do not want others (or yourself) to override existing variable values, use the
const keyword (this will declare the variable as "constant", which means unchangeable
and read-only):

S = PIR2
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 រកផ្ទៃ ក្កឡា
R = 5cm

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C++ Constants
You should always declare the variable as constant when you have values that are
unlikely to change:

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C++ User Input
cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the keyboard with the extraction
operator (>>).

In the following example, the user can input a number, which is stored in the variable x.
Then we print the value of x:

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Example: Circumference of a Circle

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Example

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Exercise
Write the program that can find:
1. Circumference of a Rectangular
2. Circumference of a Triangle

Note : User can input from keyboard

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To continue - Section 4

C++ Data Types

As explained in the Variables chapter, a variable in C++ must be a specified
data type:

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Basic Data Types

The data type specifies the size and type of information the variable
will store:

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C++ Numeric Data Types
Use int when you need to store a whole number without decimals, like 35 or
1000, and float or double when you need a floating point number (with
decimals), like 9.99 or 3.14515.

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C++ Boolean Data Types
A boolean data type is declared with the bool keyword and can only take the values true or false.
When the value is returned, true = 1 and false = 0.

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C++ Character Data Types
The char data type is used to store a single character. The character must be
surrounded by single quotes, like 'A' or 'c':

Alternatively, you can use ASCII

values to display certain characters:

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