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Simplex Lap Winding: Armature Windings

Lap winding is a type of armature winding where successive coils overlap each other. There are two types of lap winding: simplex and duplex. Simplex has an equal number of parallel paths and poles, while duplex has twice as many parallel paths as poles. The finishing end of one coil connects to the commutator segment that the starting end of the next coil connects to. Important metrics for lap winding design include front pitch, back pitch, and resultant pitch. Wave winding forms a wave pattern by connecting the end of one coil to the start of the next coil of the same polarity. It can be progressive or retrogressive. The induced EMF of a generator depends on factors like magnetic flux, number of poles, speed of

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Ajmal Farooq
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1K views9 pages

Simplex Lap Winding: Armature Windings

Lap winding is a type of armature winding where successive coils overlap each other. There are two types of lap winding: simplex and duplex. Simplex has an equal number of parallel paths and poles, while duplex has twice as many parallel paths as poles. The finishing end of one coil connects to the commutator segment that the starting end of the next coil connects to. Important metrics for lap winding design include front pitch, back pitch, and resultant pitch. Wave winding forms a wave pattern by connecting the end of one coil to the start of the next coil of the same polarity. It can be progressive or retrogressive. The induced EMF of a generator depends on factors like magnetic flux, number of poles, speed of

Uploaded by

Ajmal Farooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Winding:

Armature windings are mainly of two types – lap winding and wave
winding.
Here we are going to discuss about lap winding.
Lap winding is the winding in which successive coils overlap each other. It is
named “Lap” winding because it doubles or laps back with its succeeding
coils.
Yc=1 and Coil span=coil pitch

In this winding the finishing end of one coil is connected to one commutator
segment and the starting end of the next coil situated under the same pole and
connected with same commutator segment.
Here we can see in picture, the finishing end of coil – 1 and starting end of coil
– 2 are both connected to the commutator segment – 2 and both coils are
under the same magnetic pole that is N pole here.
Lap winding are of two types –
1. Simplex Lap Winding
2. Duplex Lap Winding
Simplex Lap Winding
A winding in which the number of parallel path is equal to the number of
poles is called simplex lap winding.

Duplex Lap Winding


A winding in which the number of parallel path is twice the number of poles
is called duplex lap winding.

Some important points to remember while designing the Lap winding:


If, Z = the number conductors
P = number of poles

1. Front pitch (Yf): It is the distance, in terms of armature conductors, between the
second conductor of one coil and the first conductor of the next coil. OR it is the
distance between two coil sides that are connected to the same commutator
segment.
2. Back pitch (Yb): The distance by which a coil advances on the back of the
armature is called as back pitch of the coil. It is measured in terms of armature
conductors.
3. Resultant pitch (Yr): The distance, in terms of armature conductor, between the
beginning of one coil and the beginning of the next coil is called as resultant pitch
of the coil.

Then, the back and front pitches are of opposite sign and they cannot be
equal.
YB = YF ± 2m
m = multiplicity of the winding.
m = 1 for Simplex Lap winding
m = 2 for Duplex Lap winding
When,
YB > YF, it is called progressive winding.
YBF, it is called retrogressive winding.
Back pitch and front pitch must be odd.
Resultant pitch (YR) = YB – YF = 2m
YR is even because it is the difference between two odd numbers.

Commutator pitch (YC) = ±m


Number of parallel path in the Lap winding = mP

Advantages of Lap Winding


1. This winding is necessarily required for large current application
because it has more parallel paths.
2. It is suitable for low voltage and high current generators.
Disadvantages of Lap Winding
1. It gives less emf compared to wave winding. This winding requires
more no. of conductors for giving the same emf, it results high winding
cost.
2. It has less efficient utilization of space in the armature slots.

Wave winding is one type of armature winding.

In this winding, we connect the end of one coil to the starting of another coil
of the same polarity as that of the first coil.
This winding forms a wave with its coil, that’s why we call it as wave
winding. Since we connect the coils in series here, we also call it series
winding.
Progressive Wave Winding
If after one round of the armature the coil falls in a slot right to its starting slot
the winging is called Progressive wave winding.

Retrogressive Wave Winding


If after one round of the armature the coil falls in a slot left to its starting slot
the winging is called Retrogressive wave winding.
Here in the picture above we can see that 2nd conductor CD is in the left of
the 1st conductor.
Important Points about Wave Winding

In simplex wave winding

Back pitch (YB) and front pitch (YF) are both odd and are of same sign.
Back-pitch and front-pitch are nearly equal to the pole pitch and may be equal
or dif
fer by ±2. + for progressive winding, – for retrogressive winding.

EMF Equation of DC Generator


The derivation of EMF equation for DC generator has two parts:
1. Induced EMF of one conductor
2. Induced EMF of the generator
Derivation for Induced EMF of One Armature Conductor
For one revolution of the conductor,
Let,
Φ = Flux produced by each pole in weber (Wb)
and
P = number of poles in the DC generator.
therefore,
Total flux produced by all the poles
And,

Time taken to complete one revolution


Where,
N = speed of the armature conductor in rpm.
Now, according to Faraday’s law of induction, the induced emf of the
armature conductor is denoted by “e” which is equal to rate of cutting the
flux.

Therefore,
Induced emf of one conductor is
Induced emf of one conductor is

Derivation for Induced EMF for DC Generator


Let us suppose there are Z total numbers of conductor in a generator, and
arranged in such a manner that all parallel paths are always in series.
Here,
Z = total numbers of conductor
A = number of parallel paths
Then,
Z/A = number of conductors connected in series
We know that induced emf in each path is same across the line
Therefore,
Induced emf of DC generator
E = emf of one conductor × number of conductor connected in series.

Induced emf of DC generator is

Simple wave wound generator


Numbers of parallel paths are only 2 = A
Therefore,
Induced emf for wave type of winding generator is

Simple lap-wound generator


Here, number of parallel paths is equal to number of conductors in one path
i.e. P = A
Therefore,
Induced emf for lap-wound generator is

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