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Discourse Analysis Steps Office

The document provides an overview of discourse analysis. It defines discourse analysis as examining how language is used in social contexts to understand communication. Discourse analysis focuses on the purposes and social effects of language use. It analyzes larger chunks of language, such as entire texts or conversations, on multiple levels including vocabulary, grammar, structure, genre, and non-verbal communication. The document outlines the basic steps to conduct discourse analysis, which involves defining a research question, gathering contextual information, analyzing content for themes and patterns, and drawing conclusions.

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Jul Blank
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58 views

Discourse Analysis Steps Office

The document provides an overview of discourse analysis. It defines discourse analysis as examining how language is used in social contexts to understand communication. Discourse analysis focuses on the purposes and social effects of language use. It analyzes larger chunks of language, such as entire texts or conversations, on multiple levels including vocabulary, grammar, structure, genre, and non-verbal communication. The document outlines the basic steps to conduct discourse analysis, which involves defining a research question, gathering contextual information, analyzing content for themes and patterns, and drawing conclusions.

Uploaded by

Jul Blank
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group 1

Muhammad Farhan Marhanuddin (F041181502)


Andi Nabila Nur Aziza (F041181303)
Namirah Meisyana (F041181365)
Devi Retno Sari (F041181012)
Besse Astrianti (F041181016)
Rezky Irianita (F041181036)
Anggi Lestari (F041181035)
Anisa Fahira (F041181369)
Rismawati (F041181330)
Astriana (F041181336)

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Discourse analysis is a research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its
social context. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations.

When you do discourse analysis, you might focus on:

 The purposes and effects of different types of language


 Cultural rules and conventions in communication
 How values, beliefs and assumptions are communicated
 How language use relates to its social, political and historical context

What is discourse analysis used for?

Conducting discourse analysis means examining how language functions and how meaning is created in
different social contexts. It can be applied to any instance of written or oral language, as well as non-
verbal aspects of communication such as tone and gestures.

Materials that are suitable for discourse analysis include:

 Books, newspapers and periodicals


 Marketing material, such as brochures and advertisements
 Business and government documents
 Websites, forums, social media posts and comments
 Interviews and conversations
By analyzing these types of discourse, researchers aim to gain an understanding of social groups and
how they communicate.

How is discourse analysis different from other methods?

Unlike linguistic approaches that focus only on the rules of language use, discourse analysis emphasizes
the contextual meaning of language. It focuses on the social aspects of communication and the ways
people use language to achieve specific effects (e.g. to build trust, to create doubt, to evoke emotions,
or to manage conflict).

Instead of focusing on smaller units of language, such as sounds, words or phrases, discourse analysis is
used to study larger chunks of language, such as entire conversations, texts, or collections of texts. The
selected sources can be analyzed on multiple levels.

Discourse analysis

 Vocabulary: Words and phrases can be analyzed for ideological associations, formality, and
euphemistic and metaphorical content.
 Grammar: The way that sentences are constructed (e.g. verb tenses, active or passive
construction, and the use of imperatives and questions) can reveal aspects of intended meaning.
 Structure: The structure of a text can be analyzed for how it creates emphasis or builds a
narrative.
 Genre: Texts can be analyzed in relation to the conventions and communicative aims of their
genre (e.g. political speeches or tabloid newspaper articles).
 Non-verbal communication: Non-verbal aspects of speech, such as tone of voice, pauses,
gestures, and sounds like “um”, can reveal aspects of a speaker’s intentions, attitudes, and
emotions.
 Conversational codes: The interaction between people in a conversation, such as turn-taking,
interruptions and listener response, can reveal aspects of cultural conventions and social roles.

How to conduct discourse analysis

Discourse analysis is a qualitative and interpretive method of analyzing texts (in contrast to more
systematic methods like content analysis). You make interpretations based on both the details of the
material itself and on contextual knowledge.

There are many different approaches and techniques you can use to conduct discourse analysis, but the
steps below outline the basic steps you need to follow.

Step 1: Define the research question and select the content of analysis
To do discourse analysis, you begin with a clearly defined research question. Once you have developed
your question, select a range of material that is appropriate to answer it. Discourse analysis is a method
that can be applied both to large volumes of material and to smaller samples, depending on the aims
and timescale of your research.

Step 2: Gather information and theory on the context

Next, you must establish the social and historical context in which the material was produced and
intended to be received. Gather factual details of when and where the content was created, who the
author is, who published it, and whom it was disseminated to.

As well as understanding the real-life context of the discourse, you can also conduct a literature review
on the topic and construct a theoretical framework to guide your analysis.

Step 3: Analyze the content for themes and patterns

This step involves closely examining various elements of the material – such as words, sentences,
paragraphs, and overall structure – and relating them to attributes, themes, and patterns relevant to
your research question.

Step 4: Review your results and draw conclusions

Once you have assigned particular attributes to elements of the material, reflect on your results to
examine the function and meaning of the language used. Here, you will consider your analysis in relation
to the broader context that you established earlier to draw conclusions that answer your research
question.

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