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    Fouling Factor in HX

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    Muntaha Syed
    This exchanger heats 583750 lb/hr of crude oil from 164°F to 200°F against 107990 lb/hr of residue which is cooled from 380°F to 215°F. The exchanger has 474 tubes that are 20 feet long with a 0.75 inch outer diameter. An evaluation of the design shows the actual heat duty is within 2% of the design duty. Pressure drop calculations show a shell side pressure drop of 10.12 psi and a tube side pressure drop of 7.33 psi.

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    Fouling Factor in HX

    Uploaded by

    Muntaha Syed
    366 views6 pages
    This exchanger heats 583750 lb/hr of crude oil from 164°F to 200°F against 107990 lb/hr of residue which is cooled from 380°F to 215°F. The exchanger has 474 tubes that are 20 feet long with a 0.75 inch outer diameter. An evaluation of the design shows the actual heat duty is within 2% of the design duty. Pressure drop calculations show a shell side pressure drop of 10.12 psi and a tube side pressure drop of 7.33 psi.

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    This exchanger heats 583750 lb/hr of crude oil from 164°F to 200°F against 107990 lb/hr of residue which is cooled from 380°F to 215°F. The exchanger has 474 tubes that are 20 feet long with a 0.75 inch outer diameter. An evaluation of the design shows the actual heat duty is within 2% of the design duty. Pressure drop calculations show a shell side pressure drop of 10.12 psi and a tube side pressure drop of 7.33 psi.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    366 views6 pages

    Fouling Factor in HX

    Uploaded by

    Muntaha Syed
    This exchanger heats 583750 lb/hr of crude oil from 164°F to 200°F against 107990 lb/hr of residue which is cooled from 380°F to 215°F. The exchanger has 474 tubes that are 20 feet long with a 0.75 inch outer diameter. An evaluation of the design shows the actual heat duty is within 2% of the design duty. Pressure drop calculations show a shell side pressure drop of 10.12 psi and a tube side pressure drop of 7.33 psi.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Rating of HX

    Kero-Crude oil Exchanger:


    583750 Ib/hr of crude oil (34.9 API) is heated from 164 0F to 200 0F againest 107990 Ib/hr of Residue (45.9 API) which
    available for this service is a 27,3/8" ID exchanger having 474,

    Design Data for HX


    Flow (residue)
    Inlet Temp

    Outlet Temp

    API
    Viscosity
    Shell ID
    No of Tube
    Length of Tube
    Tube OD
    Tube BWG
    Tube Pitch
    No of Pass
    Baffle Space

    Solution
    Step-1
    Heat Balance
    Range
    Ave Temp
    Cp at Ave Temp
    Heat Balance (Q)

    Average Heat Duty


    Design Heat Duty of 102-C
    Error
    Step-2
    LMTD
    Cold end terminal temperature difference (Dtc)
    Hot end terminal temperature difference (DTh)
    LMTD
    R
    S
    Temp correction Factor (Ft)
    Corrected LMTD (DT)
    Temp correction Factor by formula
    Corrected LMTD by formula
    Step-3
    Caloric Temp Factor
    Dtc/DTh
    Controlling Factor (Kc)
    Caloric Temp Factor (Fc)
    CaloricTemperature of Shell side (Tc)
    For tube side caloric temp is equal to average temp bcz range
    is less than 50 0F
    Step- 4
    Flow Area (a)
    Clearance C
    Flow Area of shell (as)
    Flow Area per tube
    Flow Area of tube (at)
    Step- 5
    Mass Velocity (G)
    Mass Velocity (G)
    Step- 6
    Reynold Number
    Viscosity at caloric Temp (μ)

    Dia (De)

    Reynold No (NRe)
    Step- 7
    Heat Transfer Factor (JH)
    JH factor for shall side
    L/D Ratio for tube side
    JH factor for tube side )
    Step- 8
    Prental Number
    Cp at Caloric Temp
    Thermal Conductivity at caloric temp (k)
    Viscosity at caloric Temp (μ)
    Prental Number (NPr)
    Step- 9
    Indivisual Film Cofficient
    S/S Indivisual Film Coffi. (ho)
    S/S Indivisual Film Coffi. (ho/φs)
    T/S Indivisual Film Coffi. (hi)
    Corrected T/S film coffi. (hio/φt)
    Step- 10
    Wall Temperature
    Wall Temperature (tw)
    Viscosity at wall Temp (μw)

    Viscosity Factor (φs & φt)


    ho
    hio
    Step- 10
    Clean Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Uc
    Clean Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (Uc)
    Step- 11
    Design Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Ud
    Surface Area per linear ft (a")
    Total Surface Area (A)
    Design Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (Ud)
    Step- 12
    Dirt Factor
    Dirt Factor (Rd)

    Pressure Drop
    Reynold number (NRe)
    Friction Factor (f)
    Specific Gravity at caloric Temp (S)
    Shall ID
    Ds
    No of cross (N+1)
    Pressure Drop of shall side (DPs)
    Pressure Drop of tube side (DPt)
    Velocity head (V2/2g)
    Pressure Drop due to return loss in tube side (DPr)
    Total Press Drop at tube side

    Kero Crude
    KV cst 0.505 2.2
    st 0.00505 0.022
    cm2/sec 0.00505 0.022
    API - 45.9 34.9
    density kg/lit 0.797632 0.850360576923077
    gm/cm3 0.797632 0.850360576923077
    AV gm/cm sec 0.004028 0.018707932692308
    poise 0.004028 0.018707932692308
    cp 0.402804 1.87079326923077
    Rating of HX

    64 0F to 200 0F againest 107990 Ib/hr of Residue (45.9 API) which is cool from 380 0F to 215 0F.This exchanger
    aving 474,

    Formulas Units Shall Side(Kero) Tube Side(Crude)


    W Ib/hr 107990 583750
    T1 & t1 0F 380 164
    - 0C 193.33 73.33
    T2 & t2 0F 215 200
    - 0C 101.67 93.33
    141.5/S-131.5 - 45.9 34.9
    μ 0F/cps 274/0.505 182/2.2
    Ds Inch 27.375 -
    Nt no - 474
    L ft - 20
    D Inch - 0.75
    BWG - - 14
    Pt Inch - 1
    n - 1 2
    B Inch 5.44 -
    -

    t2-t1 0F 165 36
    (T2-T1)/2 0F 298 182
    Fig-4 Btu/Ib 0F 0.606 0.518
    m*Cp*delta T Btu/hr 10797920.1 10885770
    - MMBtu/hr 10.798 10.886
    - MMBtu/hr 10.84
    - MMBtu/hr 10.64
    - % -1.90

    T2-t1 0F 51
    T1-t2 0F 180
    (DTh-Dtc)/LN(DTh/Dtc) 0F 102.29
    (T1-T2)/(t2-t1) - 4.58
    (t2-t1)/(T1-t1) - 0.1667
    (Fig-18) - 0.9
    LMTD*Ft 0F 92.06
    - - 1.132
    - 0F 115.81
    - - 0.28
    (Fig-17) - 0.165
    (Fig-17) - 0.37
    T2+Fc(T1- T2) 0F 276

    t1+ Fc (t2 - t1) 0F 182

    Pt-tube OD Inch 0.25 -


    ID*C'B/144PT ft2 0.26 -
    (Table-10) inch - 0.268
    Nt*at'/144*n ft2 - 0.441

    W / Flow area Ib/ft2 hr 417689 1323446

    Fig-14 Cp 0.28 0.75


    - Ib/ ft hr 0.6776 1.815
    Fig-28 in 0.95 0.584
    - ft 0.0792 0.0487
    Gs*D/μ - 48800 35486

    (Fig-28) - 132 -
    L/D - - 411
    (Fig-24 - - 110

    (Fig-4) Btu/Ib 0F 0.59 0.518


    (Fig-1) Btu/hr ft 0F 0.079 0.076
    - Ib/ ft hr 0.6776 1.815
    (Cp*μ / k)1/3 - 1.69 4.12

    JH*k/De*(Cp*μ / k)^1/3*φs - 222 -


    JH*k/De*(Cp*μ / k)^1/3 222 -
    JH*k/D*(Cp*μ / k)^1/3*φt - - 708
    hi/φt * ID/OD - - 552

    tc + (ho/φs)/(ho/φs+hio/φt)*(Tc-tc) 0F 209.01
    Fig-14 Cp 0.456 1.78
    - Ib/ ft hr 1.10352 4.3076
    ( μ / μw)0.14 - 0.934 0.886
    (ho/φs)*φs Btu/hr ft2 0F 207.53 -
    (hio/φt)*φt Btu/hr ft2 0F - 488.71

    (ho*hio)/ (hio+ho) Btu/hr ft2 0F 145.67

    Table-10 ft2/ft 0.1963


    Nt*Lt*a" ft2 1860.92
    Q/A*DT Btu/hr ft2 0F 63.29

    (Uc-Ud)/(Uc*Ud) 0F hr ft2/Btu 0.0089

    Pressure Drop
    - - 48800 35486
    (Fig-29) - 0.00158 0.00019
    Fig-6 - 0.710 0.807
    - inch 27.375 -
    - ft 2.28 -
    12L/B - 44.12 -
    (f*Gs2*Ds*(N+1)/(5.22E10*De*S*φs) psi 10.12 -
    (f*Gt2*L*n)/(5.22E10*D*S*φt) psi - 7.33
    (Fig-27) - - 0.24
    (4n/S)*(V2/2g) psi - 2.38
    (DPt+DPr) psi - 9.71

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