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Tutorial 1

This document provides instructions for a tutorial on aircraft stability and control. It includes: 1) Deriving expressions for lift and pitching moment coefficients in terms of non-dimensional parameters and geometric variables. 2) Showing that the derivative of pitching moment with respect to lift is related to stick fixed and free elevator deflections. 3) Calculating the angle of attack, center of gravity position, and stick free neutral point given data for an aircraft. 4) Determining the symmetric elevon deflection required to trim level flight for a flying wing aircraft, given its pitching moment coefficient and wing loading.

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Pranav Teja
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120 views

Tutorial 1

This document provides instructions for a tutorial on aircraft stability and control. It includes: 1) Deriving expressions for lift and pitching moment coefficients in terms of non-dimensional parameters and geometric variables. 2) Showing that the derivative of pitching moment with respect to lift is related to stick fixed and free elevator deflections. 3) Calculating the angle of attack, center of gravity position, and stick free neutral point given data for an aircraft. 4) Determining the symmetric elevon deflection required to trim level flight for a flying wing aircraft, given its pitching moment coefficient and wing loading.

Uploaded by

Pranav Teja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Aerospace Engineering

Tutorial-1
Aircraft Stability and Control

1. It is standard to consider an airplane configuration consisting of wing, fuselage and tail and write the analyt-
ical expression assuming linear aerodynamics for the lift and pitching moment coefficients. Effect of fuselage
can be absorbed in the coefficients related to the wing by writing CLwb and Cm
wb
ac
in place of CLw and Cm
w
ac
,
respectively. Using these symbols, the lift and pitching moment coefficient for the whole aircraft can be ex-
pressed as CL = CL0 + CLα αw + CLδe δe and Cmcg = Cm0 + Cmα αw + Cmδe δe, respectively, where αw is the
geometric angle-of-attack at the wing and δe is the elevator deflection. Derive the expressions for CL0 , CLα ,
CLδe , Cm0 , Cmα , Cmδe in terms of V̄¯ 1 , where V̄¯ 1 = V̄1 + SSt hcg − hwb
 S t l′ l′t lt wb
 ′
ac = Sc̄ and c̄ = c̄ + hcg − hac ; lt is
t

the distance from the tail aerodynamic center to the wing-body aerodynamic center. Note that lt′ is relatively
fixed whereas lt varies with shift in airplane c.g. Also show that (hn )f ixed = hwb ¯ at
ac + ηt V̄ 1 aw (1 − ǫα ). Therefore,

writing the equation of pitching moment in terms of V̄¯ 1 makes the definition of neutral point independent of

the movement in the c.g. which is very important for investigating the static stability of aircraft as the c.g.
moves. Do not use the approximation CL ≈ CLw .

 
dCm Cmδe C m0
2. Show that dCL =− CL (δe,R − δe,f ) − CL , where the symbols δe,R and δe,f are stick fixed and stick
f ree
free elevator deflections respectively.


3. An aircraft has the following data: hcg = 0.3, hac = 0.24, CL,w = 0.1 α0w + 2.5 , CLmax = 1.2, Cmac,w = 0.06,
ǫ = 0.3α, Cmf = 0.05 + 0.1CLw , at = 0.08/deg, ηt = 0.9, V̄1 = 0.6, iw = 0, it = 20 , Chαs = −0.002/deg, Chδe =
−0.003/deg, and τ = 0.20. Determine

(a) the angle of attack in steady level flight if the elevator is locked in neutral position,
(b) the permissible forward position of the center of gravity if the maximum up elevator deflection is limited
to 300 ,
(c) stick free neutral point and stick free margin. The superscript 0 shows the variable is measured in degree.
You can assume CLw ≈ CL . Air density at sea level is 1.225 kg/m3.
9 Marks

4. A flying wing employs elevon for pitch/roll control, symmetrically deflected elevons give pitch control and
when asymmetrically deflected give roll control. Assuming Cmac = −0.02 − 0.01δe , and wing loading of
2890 N/m2 and a static stability margin of 7% determine the symmetric elevon deflection for trim in level
flight at 154 m/s. Air density at sea level is 1.225 kg/m3.

End

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