CHASSIS AND

SUSPENSION
MADE BY : MANPREET SINGH
B.TECH (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
5TH SEMESTER
 INTRODUCTION
• Chassis is a French word was used to donate the frame parts or main
structure of vehicle. A vehicle without body is called chassis. It is the
backbone of vehicle and is made of steel. All moving parts of the vehicle
fitted on it.
• All the parts which perform the function of isolating the automobiles
from the road shock are collectively called as Suspension System. It is
used in order to provide comfortable ride to the passengers and avoid
additional stresses in the vehicle frame.
CHASSIS
SUSPENSION
CLASSIFICATION OF CHASSIS
Chassis can be classified as:
• Full Forward Chassis
• Semi-Forward Chassis
• Bus Chassis
• Engine at Front Chassis
 FULL-FORWARD CHASSIS
This type of chassis consists of engine fitted in front of driver seat or driver
cabin. It is commonly used in cars and trucks. The disadvantage of this type
is that the driver cannot see the road just in front of the tyres because he
sits behind the engine, quite far off from the front axle.
FULL FORWARD CHASSIS
 SEMI-FORWARD CHASSIS
In these chassis, engine is mounted half in the driver compartment and half
out of the driver compartment. There extra passengers or luggage can be
placed in the portion of the chassis thus saved. Semi-Forward chassis are
used in Standard and Bedford pick-ups and Tata-trucks.
SEMI-FORWARD CHASSIS
 BUS CHASSIS
• In this type, the mounting of engine completely inside the driver’s cabin.
It allow the driver to see the road just in front of the front wheels as well
as to make driving easier and trouble free specially in the congested
areas.
• It is the modification of full forward chassis in order to provide the clear
view in front.
BUS CHASSIS
 ENGINE AT FRONT CHASSIS
This type of chassis used in most of the heavy vehicles is of three common types.
• In this type, engine is fitted at front but drive to wheels is provided from the rear
wheels (rear wheel drive).
• In the second type, engine is fitted at front and drive is also provided through
the front wheels (front wheel drive).
• In third type, engine is fitted in front in a cross-wise manner and drive is also
provided to the front wheels in case of BMC Minis.
ENGINE AT FRONT CHASSIS
 SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• All the parts which collectively perform the function of isolating the
automobiles from the road shock are collectively called Suspension
System
• A good suspension should have springiness and damping.
• It is necessary to provide a suspension system for reducing the shocks to
passengers and for comfortable ride also reduce additional stresses in the
automobile frame and body.
 FUNCTIONS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
• To preserve the stability of the vehicle in rolling, pitching, while in motion.
• To provide the required height to body structure as well as bear the
torque and braking reaction.
• To act as safeguard for the occupants against road shocks and provide
comfort ride.
• To minimise effects of stresses due to road shocks.
 TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• The Conventional System
• The Independent System
• Rear End Suspension System
• Front End Independent Suspension
• Air or Pneumatic Suspension System
• Hydro elastic Suspension System
 CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
• It is a system in which the road springs are attached to a rigid beam axle.
 INDEPENDENT SYSTEM
• It is a system in which there is no rigid axle beam and each wheel is free
to move vertically without any reaction on the other wheel.
REAR END SUSPENSION SYSTEM
FRONT END INDEPENDENT
SUSPENSION
 AIR OR PNEUMATIC
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
HYDRO ELASTIC SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
 MAC-PHERSON STRUT TYPE
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• In this system, there is a telescopic strut type shock absorber, a single arm
and a diagonal stay.
• A strut is fixed to the body structure at the upper end through a flexible
mounting and a lower part of the strut is connected at the bottom by a
joint to the lower arm.
• It is used in Maruti-Zen, Maruti-800
MAC-PHERSON STRUT TYPE
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 WISHBONE TYPE SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
• It consist of wishbone arm pivoted to the frame.
• The upper wishbone arm is shorter in length than lower arm.
• This helps to keep the track constant, so avoid the tyre scrub and thus
reduces the tyre wear.
• A small change in the camber does occur with such arrangement.
WISHBONE TYPE SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
 Trailing Link Suspensions
• In this type of suspension system, a coil spring is attached to the trailing
link which itself is attached to the shaft carrying the wheel hub.
• When the vehicle came across the bump, wheel moves up and down and
it wind and unwind the spring.
• This system does maintain the camber and keep the wheel track constant.
Trailing Link Suspensions
 SWINGING HALF-AXLE
SUSPENSION
• In this suspension, the wheels are mounted rigidly on the half circle while
the other end is pivoted to the class is member at the middle of the car.
• The disadvantage is that during shock the up and down moment of the
wheel causes to change the camber angle and so affect the wheel track.
SWINGING HALF-AXLE
SUSPENSION
 VERTICAL GUIDE SUSPENSION

• In this system, the stub circle can slide up and down upon and also allow
the turning of wheel when steered.
• The lower end of the swivel are fixed with the cross member of the swivel
pin are fixed with the cross member of the chassis while the ends are
supported with spacing rod.
• Helical springs are placed between spacing rod and the sliding member of
the circle and arranged in such a way that swivel pins way pass through
them.
VERTICAL GUIDE SUSPENSION
 TORSION-BAR REAR
SUSPENSION
• Torsion bars may be either longitudinal or transverse.
• The two trailing arms serve as control areas. Spring action is provided by
two full-width transverse torsion bars.
• The trailing arm clamps to the other end. This causes the torsion bar to
twist as the wheel and trailing arm move up and down.
TORSION-BAR REAR
SUSPENSION
THANK
YOU