Engine Inspection
Engine Inspection
Engine Inspection
Oliver Street
MANDATORY
Williamsport, PA 17701 U.S.A.
Tel. 5703236181
Fax. 5703277101
www.lycoming.com
SERVICE BULLETIN
NOTE
Prior to maintenance, review the entire Service Bulletin to be sure you have a complete
understanding of the procedure and requirements to prevent mistakes from an incomplete
review of all of the information in this document.
This Service Bulletin contains information about required corrective action to take in response to engine
overboost on Lycoming supercharged and turbocharged engines. This information was in Service Bulletin
No. 369J. With the revision, Service Bulletin No. 369K, this overboost information has now been moved to
this Service Bulletin as a stand alone document for clarity.
Overboost in Supercharged and Turbocharged Engines
Overboost is a condition in which a reciprocating engine (which has either a supercharger or turbocharger)
exceeds maximum rated manifold pressure. While this increase in manifold pressure supports engine
operation during flight, during ground operation and takeoff, an excess manifold pressure can damage the
engine if it is not controlled correctly. If the throttle is opened too quickly, the high pressure enters the
cylinders and is compressed to even higher pressure which can cause detonation, overheating, or cylinder
damage.
The following control the maximum manifold pressure of supercharged/turbocharged engines:
· Redline throttle control by pilot usually reached somewhere before fullopen throttle, depending
upon density altitude
· Preset density controller senses compressor discharge density and varies the manifold pressure to
enable the engine to power up to critical altitude, regardless of the density altitude. Takeoff is at
full throttle. However, the red line on the manifold pressure gage is the maximum permissible for a
hot day at high field elevation. Refer to the airframe or engine operator’s manual for standard day
manifold pressure.
NOTE
Full rated power must have a lower manifold pressure on a belowstandard
temperature day and higher on an abovestandard day. If the density controller is not
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©2010 by Avco Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Lycoming Engines is a division of Avco Corporation.
adjusted correctly or operates incorrectly, an overboost can occur without exceeding
redline manifold pressure.
· Preset absolute variable pressure controller used on engines with a turbo compressor air bleed to
pressurize the aircraft cabin. The controller is preset at the factory and has a redline manifold
pressure at full throttle regardless of density altitude.
· Preset slope controller used on engines that do not have a turbo compressor air bleed to
pressurize the aircraft cabin. The controller is preset at the factory and has a redline manifold
pressure at full throttle regardless of density altitude.
To prevent overboost, some Lycoming turbocharged engines have a pressure relief “pop off” valve
installed between the compressor outlet and the fuel injector/carburetor to prevent excess manifold pressure
surges. Even though manifold pressure may continue to rise above its rated value, power output will not
change much. In fact, as the valve lifts off its seat, at approximately 2 in.Hg above rated pressure, power
may decrease even if manifold pressure continues to rise above rated pressure.
In Table 1, pressure relief valves are divided into three categories based on manifold pressure
requirements and the corresponding maximum pounds required to push down the valve.
Table 1
Pressure Relief Valve Categories
Categories – Manifold Pressure Maximum Pounds
Required to Develop Rated Power to Depress Valve
30.00 to 40.00 inches Hg. *43 lbs.
40.00 to 50.00 inches Hg. *58 lbs.
50.25 to 60.00 inches Hg. *72 lbs.
* Any lower pressure is acceptable as long as the valve, when in service, does not lift off its seat prior
to reaching manifold pressure.
CAUTION
ON ENGINES WHERE MANIFOLD PRESSURE IS THROTTLECONTROLLED BY
THE PILOT, DO NOT ADVANCE THE THROTTLE BOOSTING MANIFOLD
PRESSURE BEYOND REDLINE TO DETERMINE IF THE ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
RELIEF CONTROLLER IS FUNCTIONING. THIS IS AN EMERGENCY
CONTROLLER. DELIBERATE MANIFOLD PRESSURE OVERBOOST MUST BE
AVOIDED.
The best way to prevent overboost is to stop the throttle movement momentarily several inches below
rated manifold pressure.
During takeoff with low oil temperature, if the throttle is moved too quickly, the manifold pressure can
overboost momentarily above its maximum rated pressure by 1 to 2 in.Hg but then returns immediately to
the maximum rated pressure. If the overboost does not exceed 2 in.Hg for more than 3 seconds, it may be
disregarded. However, if the overboost is longer than 3 seconds and/or exceeds its rated pressure by more
than 2 in.Hg, the corrective actions in this Service Bulletin must be taken as instructed in the following
sections:
· Corrective Action for Overboost on Engines without a Pressure Relief Valve
· Corrective Action for Overboost on Engines with a Pressure Relief Valve
Table 2 identifies corrective action to take for corresponding progressive levels of engine overboost on
engines that do not have pressure relief valves.
Table 2
Corrective Action for Overboost Engine Without a Pressure Relief Valve
Overboost Conditions Corrective Action
Overboost equal to or less than 2 in.Hg and for Make engine logbook entry.
less than 3 seconds
Overboost not exceeding 3 in.Hg. for 5 seconds. Make engine logbook entry. Include maximum
manifold pressure reached, duration of overboost,
cylinder head temperature, ambient air temperature,
and pressure altitude.
Not exceeding 5 inches Hg. or 10 seconds. Make engine logbook entry. Normal 50hour
inspection plus particular attention to steps 1, 2 and
3 below.
Not exceeding 10 inches Hg. Make engine logbook entry. Remove engine from
aircraft; completely disassemble and inspect engine.
Replace all parts that do not come within maximum
service limits as shown in latest revision of
Lycoming Service Table of Limits.
Over 10 inches Hg. Complete engine overhaul required plus replacement
of crankshaft.
Take the following steps as corrective action for an overboost engine without a pressure relief valve:
1. Inspect cylinder assemblies for signs of cracked heads, particularly around the lower spark plug
holes and for cracks around the holddown flange of cylinder barrels. Also examine barrels for
burned paint and for oil leaks around cylinder base flanges.
2. Remove oil screens and inspect for metal particles; make sure the particles are metal and not hard
carbon.
3. Remove all spark plugs and inspect them closely for physical and structural defects. Spark plugs
removed may be reused providing that each plug satisfactorily tests in a spark plug test unit as
acceptable and exhibits none of the following defects:
a. Fine wire plugs with loose center or ground electrodes
b. Electrodes show signs of metal or impact damage
c. Massive electrode plugs with copper runout of center electrode
d. Ceramic core nose with a cracked or crazed surface
4. Record this corrective action in the engine logbook.
1. Determine the cause for overboost and correct it.
2. Remove the absolute pressure relief valve (popoff valve).
NOTE
Should the relief valve fail to lift off its seat within prescribed limits, the valve has
malfunctioned. If so, refer to and comply with Table 2. Also, either reset or replace the
pressurerelief valve.
3. Place the relief valve assembly mounting flange down, on a calibrated scale. The valve head should
protrude approximately 0.2 inch below the mounting flange. Make sure that the mounting flange
remains parallel to the scale surface; apply pressure to the top of the valve housing. If the valve head
depresses flush with the mounting flange surface, without exceeding the maximum pounds of force
shown in Table 1, the valve is functioning.
4. Record corrective action in the engine logbook.