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The Economic Infrastructure: Task 1a. Vocabulary

Polina Nalista Irawan is a student in class C studying English Economics II and majoring in Accounting. The document discusses the three sectors of the economy - primary, secondary, and tertiary. It also discusses opinions on whether the decline of manufacturing is inevitable in advanced countries and if services can replace it. John Kenneth Galbraith believes the shift from manufacturing to services is a natural progression while others think manufacturing will change with new technology.

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Polina Nalistia Irawan
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315 views

The Economic Infrastructure: Task 1a. Vocabulary

Polina Nalista Irawan is a student in class C studying English Economics II and majoring in Accounting. The document discusses the three sectors of the economy - primary, secondary, and tertiary. It also discusses opinions on whether the decline of manufacturing is inevitable in advanced countries and if services can replace it. John Kenneth Galbraith believes the shift from manufacturing to services is a natural progression while others think manufacturing will change with new technology.

Uploaded by

Polina Nalistia Irawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nama : POLINA NALISTIA IRAWAN

Kelas :C
MatKul : BAHASA INGGRIS EKONOMI II
Jurusan : S-1 AKUNTANSI

1. The Economic Infrastructure


Task 1a. Vocabulary
Identity the most prominent features in this photograph, which ilustrates various important
elements of the infrastructure of a modern industrialized country.
Answer :
The photo clearly shows a large factory (Unilever plant in Warrington, England) in the
center, with more factories, industrial units or warehouses in the upper right corner. The
large factory appears to include several office buildings. Also visible are farmland (in the
background; land in the foreground appears to be unplanted), rivers, railroads and some
roads, and housing, perhaps with a school in the middle of the residential area on the top
left.

Task 1b. Reading


In this extract from David Lodge’s novel Nice work, Robyn Penrose, a university English
lecturer, is accompanying Vic Wilcox, the managing director of a manufacturing company,
on a business trip to Germany. She looks out of the aeroplane window, and begins to think
about the essentially English act of making a cup of tea.
What is the key point that this extract is making about economics?

Answer :
The text suggests that most people take for granted the amazing complexity of the
economic infrastructure.

Task 1c. Comprehension


We generally describe the economy as consisting of three sectors:
 the primary sector: agriculture and the extraction of raw material from the earth
 the secondary sector: manufacturing industry, in which raw materials are turned into
finished products (although of course many of the people working for manufacturing
companies do not actually make anything, but provide a service - administration, law,
finance, marketing, selling, computing, personel and so on)
 the tertiary sector: the commercial services that help industry produce and distribute
goods to the final customers, as well as activities such as education, health care, leisure,
tourism, and so on.

1) In lines 4 – 7, Robyn sees examples of all there. What are they?


Answer :
Tiny fields (the primary sector), factories (the secondary sector), and railways,
motorways, shop, offices, and schools (the tertiary sector).

2) The long sentence in lines 11 – 28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the
different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passage according to
which sector they belong to:
advertising products assembling building
calculating prices cutting metal digging iron ore
distributing added value laying cables maintenance
marketing products milling metal mining coal
packaging products pressing metal pumping oil
smelting iron transportation welding metal
Answer :
Primary Sector
o Digging iron ore
o Mining coal
Secondary Sector
o Assembling
o Building
o Cutting metal
o Laying cables
o Milling metal
o Pressing metal
o Smelting iron
o Welding metal
Tertiary Sector
o Advertising products
o Calculating prices
o Distributing added value
o Maintenance
o Marketing products
o Packaging products
o Pumping oil
o Transportation
3) Can you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation
to the kettle)
Answer :
 Ther primary sector activities include agriculture , fisheries and forestry.
 Other secondary sector activities include manufacturing, transformation and
processing.
 Other tertiary sector activities include financing, design and retailing.
Task 1d. Discussion
Which sector do you intend to work in or do you already work in? How do you ‘fit into the
total picture’?
Answer :
The Primary Sector, by maximizing the abilities that i have.

How many people in the tertiary sector have you already spoken to today (travelling to
college or work, shopping, eating, an so on)? What about people in the other two sectors?
When did you last talk to someone who grew or produced food, for example?
Answer :
Today i talked to 3 people while eating, I don’t talk with people in the other two sectors.
The last time i talked to someone who grew or produced food was yesterday.
2. Manufacturing and Services
Two hundred years ago, the vast majority of the population of virtually every country lived in the
countryside and worked in agriculture. Today, in what many people call “the advanced
industrialized countries”, only 2-3 % of the population earn their living from agriculture. But
some people already talk about “the post industrial countries”, because of the growth of service
industries, and the decline of manufacturing, which is moving to “the developing countries”
Is manufacturing industry important? Is its decline in the “advanced” countries inevitable? Will
services adequately replace it? Two opinions about this follow.
Task 2a. Reading
Read this extract from an interview with the well-known Canadian economist, John Kenneth
Galbraith, and answer the questions.
1. Why do people worry about the decline of manufacturing?
2. Which activities are as important as the production of goods?
3. Should people worry about this state of affairs?

Answer :
1. Because they think it will lead to unemployment.
2. Designing goods, persuading people to buy them, and entertainment.
3. No, because it is a natural, progressive and inevitable development.

Task 2b. Vocabulary


Match the words in Column A with their meaning in Column B
A B
Consumer 1.To pay for service
Institution 2.Unable to control one’s feelings or
Hire behaviour 3. the floor of entrance to a
Nostalgia building or room
Velvet 4. Carrying out
Hysterical 5. A feeling of annoyance and
Threshold dissatisfaction
Execution 6. Caught
Frustation 7. One who buys and uses goods and
Grabbed services
8. A cloth with a soft surface on one side
9. A feeling of pleasure mixed with sadness
about pas events
10. A large and important organisation

Answer :
A B
hire 1. To pay for service
Hysterical 2. Unable to control one’s feelings or behaviour
Threshold 3. The floor of entrance to a building or room
Execution 4. Carrying out
Frustation 5. A feeling of annoyance and dissatisfaction
Grabbed 6. Caught
Consumer 7. One who buys and uses goods and services
Velvet 8. A cloth with a soft surface on one side
Nostalgia 9. A feeling of pleasure mixed with sadness about pas
events
Institution 10.A large and important organisation

Task 2c. Writing


Summarize Galbraith’s argument in a short paragraph of fewer than 50 words.
Answer :
Galbraith says that manufacturing industry will inevitably decline in the advanced
industrial countries, and be replaced by design, advertising, entertainment, and so on.
MacShane says that manufacturing will change, and make new products with new
technology.
Task 2d. Discussion
Do you agree with these view?
Answer :
I agree.

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