mnRcvV

Kw¤úDUvi, †gvevBj I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui

2016-17 EDITION

AvBwmGm cvewj‡KkÝ
 m~PxcÎ

computer

†ewmK Kw¤úDUvi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖv_wgK aviYv 01
nvW©Iq¨vi aviYv 02
mdUIq¨vi aviYv 10
Kw¤úDUvi cwiPvjbv 12

internet

B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi 21

social media

mvgvwRK gva¨g e¨envi

†dmeyK e¨envi 29
UzBUvi e¨envi 32

smartphone

¯§vU©‡dvb e¨envi 35

cyber security

mvBevi wbivcËv 40
 Kw¤cDUv‡ii cÖv_wgK aviYv
Kw¤úDUvit Computer kãwU wMÖK kã Compute ‡_‡K G‡m‡Q| Compute k‡ãi A_© MYbv Kiv| myZivs Computer
k‡ãi A_© MYbvKvix hš¿| Kw¤úDUvi ‰Zwi Kiv n‡qwQj ‡hvM, we‡qvM, ¸b, fvMmn hveZxq wnmve Kivi Rb¨| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b
RwUj I KwVb wnmve-wbKvk QvovI eûgyLx Kv‡R e¨envi nIqvq Kw¤úDUvi‡K ‡Kvb mxwgZ msÁvq msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq bv|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii BwZnvmt gvby‡li cwie‡Z© ‡Kvb hš¿‡K w`‡q eyw×e„wËK KvR Kiv‡bvi B‡”QUv A‡bK cy‡iv‡bv| ZvB Kw¤úDUv‡ii
aviYv I weKvk GKR‡bi nvZ a‡i Av‡mwb| cÖvq 4 nvRvi eQi Av‡M Px‡b A¨vevKvm bv‡g c„w_exi cÖ_g MYbvKvix hš¿
Avwe¯‹…Z nq|

Gici eû gvbyl I cÖwZôv‡bi nvZa‡i G‡m‡Q AvR‡Ki Kw¤úDUvi| e„wUk MwYZwe` Pvj©m e¨v‡eR AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii
g~jbxwZ wba©vib K‡ib| wZwb 1937 mv‡j cÖ_g we‡kølbg~jK h‡š¿i aviYv ‡`b| hw`I Dchy³ cÖhyw³i Afv‡e Zvui RxeÏkvq
GB g~jbxwZ ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z_vwc hyMvšÍKvix wPšÍvfvebv I cÖ‡Póvi Rb¨ Zvu‡K AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii RbK
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| 1887 mv‡j nvigvb n‡jwi_ Av‡gwiKvi Av`gïgvixi KvR `ªæZ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Pvj©m e¨v‡e‡Ri
g~jbxwZ wb‡q M‡elYv ïiæ K‡ib| c‡i 1911 mv‡j `ywU wfbœ ‡Kv¤úvbxi mn‡hvwMZvq wZwb Kw¤úDwUs, ‡Ue‡jwUs I †iKwW©s
‡Kv¤úvbx cÖwZôv K‡ib| hv cieZ©x‡Z IBM (International Business
Machine) bv‡g L¨vwZ cvq| Pvj©m e¨v‡e‡Ri mnKvix AMv÷v AvWv evqib evY©jx
b¤^i wnmve Kivi A¨vjMwi`g wj‡Lb, hv Zvu‡K c„w_exi cÖ_g ‡cÖvMÖvvgvi wn‡m‡e
cwiwPwZ †`q|

1941 mv‡j †KvbivW Rym c„w_exi cÖ_g ‡cÖvMÖvg wbf~©j Kw¤úDUvi †RW-3 ‰Zwi
K‡ib| Gici GWIqvW© k¨vbb, A¨vjvb Uywis, Rb fb wbDg¨vb, †ej j¨ve,
gvB‡µvmdU, B‡›Uj, A¨vcjmn eû e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi ‡Qvuqvq Kw¤úDUvi eZ©gvb
Ae¯’vq G‡m‡Q|

Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envit hw`I Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avwe¯‹vi MYbvKvix hš¿ wnmv‡e, wKš‘

eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUvi e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Ges gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU w`KB AvR Kw¤úDUvi e¨e¯’vi Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q
c‡o‡Q|

Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv, wkí ‡¶Î, gy`ªY wkí, ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, wPwKrmv ‡¶Î, M‡elYv, AvaywbK e¨vswKs, Av`vjZ, mvgwiK ‡¶Î,
A_©evRvi, K…wl, ms¯‹…wZ I we‡bv`b, Z_¨ cwimsL¨vb, wWRvBb, AvenvIqvi c~e©vfv‡m BZ¨vw` ‡¶Î AvR Kw¤úDUvi Qvov
Kíbv Kiv hvq bv|

ZvB eZ©gvb mgq‡K mevB GKev‡K¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii hyM wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡ib|

Kw¤úDUv‡ii †kÖwYwefvMt
AvK…wZ, g~j¨, msi¶Y ¶gZv, Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY I Kvh© m¤úv`bv Ges
e¨envi myweav BZ¨vw`i Dci wfwË K‡i Kw¤úDUvi‡K wewfbœ ‡kÖYx‡Z
wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvK…wZMZ I e¨env‡ii w`K ‡_‡K Kw¤úDUvi‡K
g~jZ Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| fvM¸‡jv n‡jvt
1| mycvi Kw¤úDUvi (Super Computer)
2| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi (Mainframe Computer)
3| wgwb Kw¤úDUvi (Mini Computer)
4| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi (Micro Computer)

c„ôv| 01
1| mycvi Kw¤úDUvit AvK…wZMZ w`K ‡_‡K me©e„nr GB Kw¤úDUv‡ii Z_¨ msi¶Y I Z_¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi ¶gZv AZ¨šÍ
kw³kvjx I `ªæZ MwZ m¤úbœ| wecyj cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Kv‡R e¨eüZ AwaK e¨qeûj GB Kw¤úDUvi mvaviYZ ‰eÁvwbK M‡elYv
I e„nr cÖwZôv‡b e¨eüZ nq| D`vniY- CRAY-1,CRAY X-MP,CYBER-205| m¤cÖwZ ‡RÏvq ev`kvn Avãyjøvn Be‡b AvwRR
BDwbfvwm©wU Ad ‡UK‡bvjwR‡Z kvnxb bv‡gi GKwU mycvi Kw¤úDUvi ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv DbœZ we‡k¦i evwn‡i me‡P‡q
kw³kvjx mycvi Kw¤úDUvi|
2| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvit mycvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q ‡QvU wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii
‡P‡q eo GB Kw¤úDUvi GKB m‡½ A‡bK¸wj MÖnY gyL / wbM©gY gyL Ges A‡bK iKg
mnvqK ¯§„wZi mv‡_ ms‡hvM i¶v K‡i KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| eo eo cÖwZôv‡b G ai‡bi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi †`Lv hvq| D`vniY- UNIVAC 1100/01, IBM6120,
IBM4341, NCR N8370, DATA GENERAL CS30 BZ¨vw`|
3| wgwb Kw¤úDUvit gvSvwi ‡kÖYxi G Kw¤úDUvi‡K GKwU ‡Uwe‡j emv‡bv m¤¢e| G
‡kÖYxi Kw¤úDUv‡ii Uvwg©bv‡ji gva¨‡g A‡bK e¨enviKvix KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii ‡K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY As‡ki Rb¨ mvaviYZ GKK ‡evW© wewkó eZ©bx
e¨eüZ nq| D`vnib- PDP11, NOVA3, IBM S/34, IBM S/36 BZ¨vw`|
4| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvit eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq G ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv AvK…wZMZ w`K n‡Z ‡QvU Ges `v‡gI Lye
m¯Ív| †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY As‡ki Rb¨ mvaviYZ GKK †evW© wewkó eZ©bx e¨eüZ nq| Avgv‡`i Rxebhvc‡bi me© ‡¶‡Î G
‡kÖYxi Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nq, ZvB G‡K gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUviI ejv nq| D`vnib- IBM PC, APPLE
iMac BZ¨vw`| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi‡K Avevi wZbwU ‡kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv nq| h_v:- K| mycvi gvB‡µv
(Super Micro) L| †W¯‹Uc (Desk Top) M| j¨vcUc (Lap Top)
mycvi gvB‡µv (Super Micro)- mycvi gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi| Gi Av‡iK bvg IqvK©
‡÷kb (Work station)| G †kÖYxi Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¶gZv wgwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii KvQvKvwQ weavq G¸‡jv wgwb †d«‡gi ¯’vb `Lj
K‡i wb‡”Q|

†W¯‹Uc (Desk Top) - G ‡kÖYxi Kw¤úDUvi mn‡RB GKwU ‡W¯‹ Gi Dci ivLv hvq e‡j G¸‡jv‡K ‡W¯‹Uc Kw¤úDUvi ejv
nq|

j¨vcUc (Lap Top) - †W¯‹Uc Kw¤úDUvi A‡c¶v ÿz`ª Kw¤úDUvi ¸‡jv j¨vcUc bv‡g cwiwPZ| G¸‡jv AvKv‡i ‡QvU,
enb‡hvM¨ Ges KvR Kivi mgq Lap ev ‡Kvj Gi Dci ‡i‡L KvR Kiv hvq e‡j G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUvi| ‡QvU
Wv‡qwii g‡Zv ‡`L‡Z j¨vcUc‡K ‡bvUeyK e‡j|
Avgiv ïaygvÎ gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii MVY: Kw¤úDUvi mvaviYZ `yBwU wRwb‡mi mgš^‡q KvR m¤cv`b K‡i _v‡Kt
1| nvW©Iq¨vi
2| mdUIq¨vi
Kw¤cDUv‡ii wewfbœ hvwš¿K Ask †hgb MÖnYgyL, wbM©gYgyL, †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask cÖf…wZ‡K GK‡Î Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi
(Hardware)ev hvwš¿K miÄvg ejv nq| nvW©Iq¨v‡ii Kvh©¶gZv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ †cÖvMÖv‡gi `iKvi nq| Kw¤cDUv‡i
e¨eüZ †cÖvMÖvgmg~n‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e mdUIq¨vi (Software) ev †cÖvMÖvgmvgMÖx ejv nq|
mnR K_vq, Kw¤cDUv‡ii `„k¨gvb hš¿cvwZ n‡”Q nvW©Iq¨vi (Hardware) Ges nvW©Iq¨v‡i †h †cÖvMÖvg KvR K‡i Zv‡K
mdUIq¨vi (Software) e‡j|
myZivs †cÖvMÖvgmvgMÖx I hvwš¿KmiÄvg G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK|

nvW©Iq¨vi: GKwU cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤cDUvi mvavibZ wb‡¤œv³

nvW©Iq¨vi Øviv MwVZ nqt
1| cÖ‡mmi 2| gv`vi‡evW©
3| i¨vg 4| nvW©wW¯‹
5| AcwUKvj WªvBf 6| MÖvwd· KvW©
7| gwbUi 8| cvIqvi mvcøvB BDwbU
9| K¨vwms 10| gvDm
11| wK-‡evW©

†W·U‡c hš¿vsk¸‡jv Avjv`vfv‡e †`Lv hvq, hy³ ev †Lvjv hvq|

wKš‘ j¨vcU‡c GB my‡hvM †bB, j¨vcU‡c hš¿vsk¸‡jv GKmv‡_
_v‡K|

c„ôv| 02
cÖ‡mmi: cÖ‡mmi n‡”Q Kw¤cDUvi Gi gw¯Í®‹, WvUv cÖ‡mm Kivi hš¿| Avgv‡`i gw¯Í®‹ †hgb wewfbœ Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i wm×všÍ
†bq, †Zgwb cÖ‡mmi WvUv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU Kw¤cDUv‡ii g~j PvwjKv kw³| cÖ‡mmi mvaviYZ `yBwU †Kv¤cvwb ˆZwi
K‡i, B‡›Uj I GGgwW| Avgv‡`i †`‡k g~jZ B‡›Uj me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e BD‡iv‡c GGgwW e¨eüZ nq †ekx|
GB `ywU QvovI Apple, NVidia, IBM †Kv¤cvwb cÖ‡mmi ˆZwi K‡i, Z‡e Zv ïay Zv‡`i U¨ve‡jU wcwmi Rb¨|
Core series Gi cÖ‡mmi ¸‡jvi g‡a¨, Core 2 Quad> Core 2 Duo> Dual Core. Avevi core i series Gi cÖ‡mmi
¸‡jvi g‡a¨, Core i7 extreme> Core i7> Core i5> Core i3 cÖ‡mm‡ii
mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq †R‡b †bB|
K¬K w¯úW: cÖ‡mmi cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û KZ¸‡jv K¨vjKz‡jkb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv
gvcvi Rb¨ K¬K w¯úW e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvB K¬K w¯úW hZ †ewk n‡e,
cÖ‡mmi Gi KvR Kivi ¶gZv ZZ †ewk n‡e| cÖ‡mmi Gi K¬K w¯úW
wMMvnvU©R GK‡K gvcv nq|
B›Uvi‡dm: cÖ‡mmi‡K gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ hy³ Kivi wm‡÷g‡K B›Uvi‡dm
e‡j| cÖ‡mmi‡K gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ m‡K‡Ui Øviv hy³ Kiv nq| Avi GK
GK cÖ‡mmi Gi Rb¨ GK GK iKg m‡KU _v‡K| †hgbt B‡›Uj Gi
m‡KU¸‡jv n‡”Q LGA775 hv B‡›Uj Pentium 2, 3, 4, Dual Core, Core
2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme cÖ‡mmi Gi Rb¨| LGA1156 n‡”Q Core Core i3, i5, i7 Gi Rb¨| 2nd
Generation Intel Core i3, i5, i7 LGA1155 m‡KU mv‡cvU© K‡i| Core i7 Gi Rb¨ LGA1366 bv‡g Avjv`v AviI GKwU
m‡KU Av‡Q|
GGgwW Gi Rb¨ Sempron, Athlon, Athlon64 m‡KU e¨eüZ nq| Phenom Gi Rb¨ AM2 I Athlon 2 Ges Phenom
2 Gi Rb¨ AM3 m‡KU e¨envi Kiv nq| evRv‡i bZzb BULLDOZER Gi Rb¨ AM3+ m‡KU e¨envi Kiv n‡e| eZ©gv‡b
BULLDOZER n‡”Q me‡P‡q †ewk kw³kvjx cÖ‡mmi|
†Kvi: cÖ‡mmi GK ev GKvwaK As‡k wef³ _v‡K, G¸‡jv‡K †Kvi e‡j| cÖwZwU †Kvi ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Avjv`v KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i,
d‡j gvwë‡Kv‡i GKmv‡_ GKvwaK KvR Kiv hvq| evRv‡i eZ©gv‡b gvwë‡Kvi cÖPwjZ| gvwë‡Kv‡i cÖ‡mmi Gi Kv‡Ri MwZ
†ewk _v‡K Ges KvR¸‡jv mylgfv‡e m¤cbœ nq| †h cÖ‡mm‡i †Kvi hZ †ewk Zvi Kv‡Ri MwZ ZZ †ewk|
d«›U mvBW ¯cxW: GdGmwe Øviv wmwcD I gv`vi‡ev‡W©i wPc‡mU I K‡¤cv‡b›U Gi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi MwZi nvi †K eySv‡bv nq|
GdGmwe hZ †ewk n‡e, wmwcD ZZ ZvovZvwo gv`vi‡evW© I Ab¨vb¨ h‡š¿i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ZvB †ewk evm hy³
cÖ‡mmi Gi ¶gZv †ewk| evm w¯úW‡K †gMvnvU©R GK‡K gvcv nq|
K¨vk †g‡gvwi: cÖ‡mmi‡ii mv‡_ _vKv †g‡gvwi‡K K¨vk †ggwi e‡j| cÖ‡mmi hLb KvR K‡i ZLb WvUv GB †g‡gvwi‡Z msiw¶Z
_v‡K| ZvB K¨vk †ggwi hZ †ewk n‡e, cÖ‡mmi ZZ `ªæZ KvR Ki‡e| K¨vk †ggwi cÖavbZ wZb iKg| L1, L2, L3.
L1 AvKv‡i †QvU wKš‘ Lye `ªæZ KvR K‡i| L2 gvSvwi AvKv‡ii Ges †gvUvgywU `ªæZ KvR K‡i|
L3 Lye eo AvKv‡ii wKš‘ `ªæZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| B`vbxs L4 bv‡g bZzb GKwU †g‡gvwi †ei n‡q‡Q| j¨vcU‡c L3 †g‡gvwi
e¨envi nq| cÖ‡mmi‡ii c¨v‡KU/weeiwb‡Z K¨vk †ggwii bvg I cwigvb †`qv _v‡K|
MÖvwd· KvW©: MÖvwd· KvW©‡K wfwWI KvW©, wWm‡cø KvW©, G‡·jv‡iUi KvW© bv‡gI WvKv nq| MÖvwd· KvW© wWm‡cø‡Z Qwe I
wfwWI dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| MÖvwd· Kv‡W©i mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z welq¸‡jv njt
1| wPc‡mU|
2| K¬K w¯úW|
3| Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwi|
4| †g‡gvwi e¨vÛDB_|
5| wWm‡cø AvDUcyU|
6| wdj †iU|
7| †ibWvwis| Qwe: MÖvwd· KvW©
8| wc‡·j †kªWvi|
wPc‡mU: wPc‡mU gyjZ 2 ev Z‡ZvwaK wPc Gi mgwó hv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ MÖvwd· KvW© Gi wewfbœ hš¿vs‡ki I †ggwii gv‡S
Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi KvR m¤cv`b K‡i _v‡K| wPc‡mU ˆZwiKviK †Kv¤cvwb¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ bZzb bZzb wPc ˆZwi
Ki‡Q hvi ¶gZv c~‡e©i wPc †_‡K A‡bK †ewk nq| GB wPc wmwjKb †mwgKbWvKUi I UªvbwRmUi Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ| MÖvwd·
KvW© Gi Rb¨ wPc Gi evRv‡i `ywU †Kv¤cvwb ivRZ¡ K‡i Avm‡Q| GKwU nj ATi technologies ltd. hv cieZ©x‡Z AMD
(Advance Micro Device) wK‡b †bq, AciwU nj NVidia| MÖvwd· KvW© Gi wPc Gi d¨vb Gi wb‡P _v‡K wVK cÖ‡mmi †hgb
_v‡K|
K¬K w¯úW: cÖ‡mmi Gi gZ MÖvwd· KvW© Gi K¬K w¯úW i‡q‡Q, hv MÖvwd· cÖ‡mwms BDwbU (wRwcBD) bv‡g cwiwPZ| K¬K w¯úW
Øviv †gMvnvU©R GK‡K gvcv nq| mnR K_vq, wRwcBD cÖwZ P‡µ (‡m‡K‡Û bq) KZ¸‡jv wc‡·j cÖ‡mm Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi
cwigvY‡K †evSvq| ZvB K¬K w¯úW hZ †ewk n‡e, MÖvwd· KvW© Gi ¶gZv ZZ †ewk n‡e|
Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwi: MÖvwd· Acv‡ik‡bi mgq wKQz †ggwii cÖ‡qvRb nq hv Built-in fv‡e MÖvwd· Kv‡W© †`qv _v‡K| G‡KB
Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwi e‡j| Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki gv‡S GKUv fzj aviYv Av‡Q †h Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwi hZ †ewk n‡e, MÖvwd· KvW© Gi
¶gZv ZZ fv‡jv n‡e| Avm‡j Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwii Dci MÖvwd· KvW© Gi ¶gZv wbf©i K‡i bv| MÖvwd· Kv‡W©i ¶gZv wbf©i
K‡i wPc‡mU I wRwcBD Gi Dci| ZvB G †ggwii cwigvb Kg n‡j hw` †Mg †Ljvi mgq AviI †ggwii `iKvi nq Zvn‡j
MÖvwd· KvW© Zv RAM †_‡K †kqvi K‡i| ZvB Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwi 512 _vK‡jB h‡_ó| †hgb 2GB 6550 †_‡K 1GB 5850
Gi ¶gZv †ewk †Kbbv 1GB 5850 K¬K w¯úW 2GB 6550 †_‡K †ewk|
c„ôv| 03
†g‡gvwi e¨vÛDB_: wRwcBD Gi mv‡_ Ab‡evW© †g‡gvwii †hvMv‡hvM Kivi MwZi cwigvY‡K †g‡gvwi e¨vÛDB_ e‡j|
wb‡Pi Q‡K j¶ Kiæb:

[Qwe: GKwU cÖ‡mm‡ii eY©bv]

nvBcvi †_ªwWs: nvBcvi †_ªwWs n‡”Q B‡›Uj Gi GKwU hyMvšÍKvix Avwe¯‹vi hv wm‡½j †Kvi †K `yB †Kv‡ii mgvb KvR Kivi
¶gZv `vb K‡i| GGgwWi cÖ‡mm‡i Gi bvg nvBcvi Uªv݇cvU©| GB cÖhyw³i Kvi‡b GKmv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv KvR Ki‡jI wm‡÷g
Gi MwZ axi nq bv| nvBcvi †_ªwWs/Uªv݇cvU© mg_©bKvix cÖ‡mm‡ii ¶gZv mvavib †_‡K fvj nq|
gv`vi‡evW©: gv`vi‡evW© GKwU B‡›U‡Mª‡UW mvwK©U (mgwš^Z eZ©bx) hvi gva¨‡g cÖ‡mmi, †g‡gvwi, G·cvbkb KvW© mn AviI
wewfbœ hš¿vsk mshy³ _v‡K| gv‡qi mv‡_ †hgb me mšÍv‡biv hy³ _v‡K, †Zgwb gv`vi‡ev‡W©i gva¨‡g mKj B‡jKUªwb·
wWfvBm¸‡jv Kv‡b‡±W _v‡K|
gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z welq¸‡jv n‡”Q:
1| m‡KU 2| wPc‡mU 3| ev‡qvm
m‡KU: Dc‡i cÖ‡mm‡ii e¨vLvq m‡K‡Ui eY©bv Av‡Q| m‡KU
n‡”Q GKwU B›Uvi‡dm hvi mvnv‡h¨ cÖ‡mmi‡K gv`vi‡ev‡W©i
mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nq| GK GK iKg cÖ‡mmi Gi m‡KU GK GK
iKg| g~jZ †h †Kvb gv`vi‡evW© †Kv¤cvwbB cÖvq mKj ai‡bi
m‡KU Gi gv`vi‡evW© ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K| †Kvb wbw`©ó cÖ‡mm‡ii
Rb¨ †h m‡KU jv‡M, Zv mvavibZ cÖ‡mmi †Kv¤cvwbB ˆZwi I
weZib K‡i| †hgb B‡›Uj Core i3, i5, i7 wmwiR Gi Rb¨ †h
m‡KU jv‡M Zv B‡›Uj ˆZwi K‡i I Zvici gv`vi‡evW©
†Kv¤cvwb Zv B‡›Uj †_‡K wK‡b wb‡q Zv‡`i gv`vi‡evW© G
e¨envi K‡i|
wPc‡mU: Kw¤cDUvi Gi wPc n‡”Q LyeB †QvU AvKv‡ii
B‡j±ªwbK mvwK©U| wmwjKb †mwgKÛvKUi I UªvbwR÷‡ii
mgš^‡q wPc evbv‡bv nq| wPc‡mU n‡”Q we‡kl wKQz wP‡ci
mgš^q hv G·cvbkb KvW© ¸‡jv‡Z _v‡K Ges Zv B‡j±ªwbK
WvUv wmMbvj cwien‡bi KvR K‡i| wPc‡mU wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡q _v‡K hv GKwU g‡Wj bv¤^vi Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq| GB g‡Wj
bv¤^vi †`‡L wPc‡mU Gi Kvh©¶gZv m¤c‡K© avibv cvIqv hvq| Avi GKUz mnR K‡i ewj| wPc‡mU Øviv gv`vi‡evW© G Aew¯’Z
GK‡Rvov wbw`©ó wPc‡K †evSv‡bv nq| wPc `yÕwU n‡”Q b_©weªR ev †ggwi K‡›Uªvjvi nve I mvD_weªR ev AvB/I ev †cwi‡divj
K‡›Uªvjvi nve|
c„ôv| 04
b_©weªR ev †ggwi K‡›Uªvjvi nve n‡”Q LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Gi mv‡_ D”PMwZi wWfvBm¸‡jv †hgb cÖ‡mmi, †g‡gvwi, MÖvwd·
K‡›Uªvjvi hy³ _v‡K| mvD_weªR ev AvB/I ev †cwi‡divj K‡›Uªvjvi nve Gi mv‡_ wcwmAvB, ev‡qvm, BDGmwe, mn AviI
Ab¨vb¨ wWfvBm hy³ _v‡K| GKUv D`vnviY †`B, G41 NB n‡”Q B‡›Uj Gi GKwU gv`vi‡evW© Gi g‡Wj hv wb‡¤œv³ welq
wb‡`©k K‡it
NorthBridge Chip 41
Soket: LGA775
RAM Slot: 2
GLv‡b mvD_weªR ev AvB/I ev †cwi‡divj K‡›Uªvjvi nve Gi g‡Wj †`qv nqwb Kvib GwU
†Zgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bv| Kw¤cDUvi Gi Rb¨ wPc ˆZwi‡Z wPc Rvqv›U B‡›Uj I GGgwW ivRZ¡
Ki‡Q| GQvov NVidia, VIA technologies, SIS, APPLE, Unix, IBM, Sun, NeXt, [wMMvevB‡Ui Wzqvj ev‡qvm]
SGI Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ wPc ˆZwi K‡i| GB wPc Gi †¶‡ÎI gv`vi‡evW© †Kv¤cvwb wPc ˆZwiKviK †Kv¤cvwb †_‡K wPc wK‡b
_v‡K| †hgb B‡›Uj Core i3, i5, i7 Gi Rb¨ †h m‡KU I wPc jv‡M Zv Zviv B‡›Uj †Kv¤cvwb †_‡K wK‡b †bq| GKB fv‡e
GGgwWi Rb¨ †h wPc I m‡KU jv‡M Zv I Zviv GGgwWi Kv‡Q †_‡K wK‡b †bq|
ev‡qvm: †ewmK BbcyU AvDUcyU wm‡÷g ev ev‡qvm n‡”Q Kw¤cDUvi Gi Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask hv Kw¤úDUvi Gi mKj
wm‡÷g Bbdi‡gkb msiw¶Z K‡i iv‡L| †hgbt cÖ‡mmi g‡Wj, w¯úW, RAM Gi cwigvb, nvW©wW¯‹ Gi g‡Wj, mn AviI
A‡bK wKQz hv nvW©Iq¨vi cwieZ©b Ki‡jI wb‡R wb‡R Zvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †bq| eZ©gv‡b bZzb gv`vi‡evW© Gi ev‡qvm mKj
iK‡gi Overclock Kivi e¨vcv‡i mnvqZv K‡i| Avgiv hLb Kw¤cDUv‡i bZzb K‡i Acv‡iwUs mdUIq¨vi †`B, ZLb ev‡qvm
†mwUs Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
ZvQvov G‡Z ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿‡bi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q hv‡Z K‡i GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i wcwm KvR eÜ K‡i †`q| ZvQvov
eZ©gv‡b wMMvevB‡Ui Wzqvj ev‡qvm mg„× gv`vi‡ev‡W© GKwU †m‡KÛvwi ev‡qvm Av‡Q hv cÖ_gwU bó n‡q †M‡jI wcwm †K mPj
iv‡L|
i¨vg: i¨vg (RAM) Øviv Random Access Memory †K wb‡`©k Kiv nq| G‡K Avgiv A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ ej‡Z
cvwi| †Kbbv Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Pjvi mgq RAM †ekwKQz †cÖvMÖvgWvUv msi¶Y K‡i hv Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
†K Pj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| wKš‘ KgwcDUvi eÜ K‡i w`‡j ev RAM G we`y¨r cÖevn eÜ n‡q †M‡j RAM G
_vKv mKj Z_¨ gy‡Q hvq| ZvB G‡K A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ ev †fvjvUvBj †g‡gvwi ejv nq|

RAM Kw¤cDUv‡ii w¯úW e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i| RAM Gi Rb¨ fv‡jv eª¨vÛ n‡”Q:
Transcend, Twinmos BZ¨vw`|

RAM †Kbvi mgq G¸‡jv †Lqvj ivL‡eb:

K| RAM Gi cwigvY e„w× †c‡j Kw¤cDUv‡ii w¯úW evo‡e| A_©vr, 1 GB
RAM Gi †P‡q 2 GB RAM Gi w¯cW †ewk n‡e|
L| RAM Gi evm wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ †ewk n‡j RAM Gi ¶gZv evo‡e|
M| RAM Gi aib DbœZ n‡j Zv Kw¤cDUv‡ii MwZ AviI e„w×
Ki‡e| †hgb, DDR3 RAM mgcwigv‡Yi DDR2 RAM Gi [Qwe: RAM]
†P‡q kw³kvjx| Z‡e †gBb‡ev‡W© RAM Gi ¯øU †hgb n‡e,
†mB ai‡biB RAM wKb‡Z n‡e| RAM †gBb‡evW© ev
gv`vi‡evW© Gi g‡a¨ jvMv‡bv _v‡K|

Avgv‡`i evRv‡i g~jZ `yB ai‡bi RAM cvIqv hvq

1| SD (Synchronous Dynamic)
2| DDR (Double Data Rate)
G‡`i g‡a¨ DDR (Double Data Rate) me‡P‡q fvj| DDR1, DDR2, DDR3 RAM evRv‡i cvIqv hvq|

Avcwb †h †Kvb RAM Gi Module †`‡L RAM Gi mewKQz eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| †hgb PC3-8500 wb‡`©k K‡i †h GwU GKwU
DDR3 Memory Gi RAM| Avi 8500 wb‡`©k K‡i †h Gi 8.5GB/Sec. cÖwZwU RAM Gi c¨v‡K‡U Module bv¤^vi †`qv
_v‡K|
i¨vg †Kbvi †¶‡Î, Avcwb Avcbvi gv`vi‡ev‡W© Bus Speed Gi RAM mv‡cvU© K‡i, Avcwb Bus Speed Gi RAM wKbyb|
Kvib Avcwb hw` Zvi †_‡K †ewk Bus Speed Gi RAM wK‡bb Zvn‡j Zv m¤c~Y© KvR Ki‡e bv| GKUv D`vnvib w`‡q mnR
K‡i †`B| Avcbvi gv`vi‡evW© hw` DDR3-1066 Bus Speed Gi RAM mv‡cvU© K‡i, wKš‘ Avcwb hw` DDR3-1333 Bus
Speed Gi RAM wK‡bb Zvn‡j Zv KvR Ki‡e DDR3-1066 Bus Speed G| Avi Kg Latency Gi RAM wKbvi †Póv
Ki‡eb| Latency n‡”Q RAM G WvUv G‡·m Kivi mgq| Latency Kg n‡j RAM G Kg mgq WvUv Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| d‡j
Zv `ªæZ KvR Ki‡e| Avi Wzqvj P¨v‡bj Gi gv`vi‡ev‡W© GKB g‡W‡ji `ywU RgR RAM e¨envi Ki‡j WvUv UªvÝdvi Gi MwZ
wظY n‡q hv‡e|

c„ôv| 05
nvW©wW·: Kw¤cDUv‡ii mKj dvBj ev Z_¨ Gi g‡a¨ Rgv _v‡K| GwU Kw¤cDUv‡ii ¯’vqx †g‡gvwi ev ¯§„wZ| GwU Kw¤cDUv‡ii
Virtual RAM wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡i| Samsung, Transcend fvjgv‡bi nvW©wW¯‹ evbvq| nvW©wW¯‹ †Kbvi mgq wb‡Pi
welq¸‡jv j¶¨ Kiv `iKvit
K| mvaviYfv‡eB, nvW©wW¯‹ Gi †÷v‡iR ¶gZv †ewk n‡j †ewk Z_¨ Rgv ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| evRv‡i 160 GB †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
3TB nvW©wW¯‹ cvIqv hvq|
L| nvW©wW¯‹ Gi RPM (Revolutions per Minute) †ewk n‡j Gi WvUv UªvÝdvi †iU †ewk n‡e|

Qwe:
G·Uvb©vj ev
†cv‡U©ej nvW©wW¯‹ Qwe:
nvW©wW¯‹

M| evRv‡i `yB ai‡bi nvW©wW¯‹ cvIqv hvq G·Uvb©vj (enbKvix) I B›Uvb©vj (¯’vqx)| B›Uvb©vj
nvW©wW¯‹ gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| G·Uvb©vj nvW©wW¯‹ BDGmwe †cvU© Gi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv hvq| Gi
myweav n‡”Q Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ me mgq Avcbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ enb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †h †Kvb
Kw¤úDUv‡i GwU e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
AcwUKvj WªvBft AcwUKvj WªvBf ej‡Z wmwW/wWwfwW/eøy-‡i WªvBf‡K †evSv‡bv nq, A_©vr wmwW ev wWwfwW
Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ AcwUK¨vj WªvBf cÖ‡qvRb nq| ASUS, SAMSUNG, LITEON BZ¨vw` †Kv¤cvbx fvj
AcwUK¨vj WªvBf ˆZwi K‡i| eøy-‡i WªvBf Gi †¶‡Î ASUS Gi weKí †bB| Kvib Zviv G‡Z me‡P‡q
kw³kvjx eøy-‡i WªvBf wiwWs †jmvi BwÄb e¨envi K‡i‡Q|

wdj †iUt wc‡·j w`‡q gwbU‡ii c`©v fivU Kivi MwZi nvi‡K wdj †iU e‡j| mvavib MÖvwd· KvW© ¸‡jv‡Z
wdj †iU gvcv nq wgwjqb wc‡·j cvi †m‡KÛ wnmv‡e| wKš‘ D”PMwZi kw³kvjx MÖvwd· KvW© Gi wdj †iU
m‡e©v”P 15 wewjqb wc‡·j cvi †m‡KÛ! ZvB wc‡·j †iU †ewk Ggb MÖvwd· KvW© wKb‡eb|
†ibWvwist †Mg ˆZwiKviK †Kv¤cvwb¸‡jv Zv‡`i †Mg BwÄb Øviv †M‡g Ggb wKQz wÎgvwÎK wdPvi †hgb
A¨vw›U-A¨vjvBwms, ev¤c-g¨vwcs, A¨vbvBmÎwcK, wc‡·j †kªWvie¨envi K‡i hv‡Z †M‡gi cwi‡ek‡K wbLyuZ
I ev¯Íe K‡i †Zvjv hvq| Avi GB cÖ‡Z¨KwU wdPvi wKQz wbw`©ó msL¨K †ibWvwis B‡d± mg_©b K‡i| Avcbvi
MÖvwd· KvW© hZ †ewk msL¨K 3D †ibWvwis B‡d± mg_©b Ki‡e, Avcbvi †M‡gi MÖvwd· Gi cwi‡ek Z‡Zv
wbLyuZ n‡e I Avcwb wbZ¨bZzb me †Mg †Lj‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv| 06
wc‡·j †kªWvit hw` Avcbvi wbZ¨bZzb me †Mg †Ljvi kL _v‡K Zvn‡j wc‡·j †kªWvi Avcbvi Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wc‡·j
†kªWvi n‡”Q MÖvwd· cÖ‡mwms BDwbU Gi Ggb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask hvi mvnv‡h¨ †Mg Gi gv‡S cÖwZwU wc‡·‡j, ev¯ÍeZv I
Dchy³ B‡d± dzwU‡q Zz‡j †Mg‡K cÖvbešÍ K‡i Zz‡j| bZzb †Mg¸‡jv‡Z AvRKvj A‡bK D”P ¶gZvi MÖvwd· BwÄb e¨envi
Kiv nq| ZvB GBme †M‡gi †¶‡Î wc‡·j †kªWvi Gi KvR nj jvBwUs B‡d±, mvi‡dm B‡d±, Kvjvi, †U·vi, †kc‡K
mwVKfv‡e †Rbv‡iU K‡i †M‡gi gv‡S mwZ¨Kv‡ii ev¯Íe Abyf‚wZ dzwU‡q †Zvjv hv Avcbvi †Mg †Ljvi gRv‡K wظY K‡i
Zzj‡e| wc‡·j †kªWvi †gvUvgywU bZzb cÖhyw³| ZvB hv‡`i MÖvwd· KvW© GKUz cyi‡bv Zviv GB wdPviwU cv‡eb bv| wbZ¨bZzb
†Mg †Ljvi Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ wc‡·j †kªWvi 3.0 mv‡cv‡U©W MÖvwd· KvW© jvM‡e| Avcbvi MÖvwd· KvW© Gi m¤c‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
Rvb‡Z Avcwb CPU-Z bvgK GKwU mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib hv Avcwb GLvb †_‡K WvDb‡jvW K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|
WvDb‡jvW wj¼: https://goo.gl/crQ4ZC .

AvRKvj †gvUvgywU Kg`v‡g fvj MÖvwd· KvW© cvIqv hv‡”Q| wKš‘ Giv Avjv`v cvIqvi mvcøvB Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i|
hw` MÖvwd· KvW© †h cwigvb cvIqvi mvcøvB Pvq, AvcbviUv Zvi †_‡K Kg nq, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B cvIqvi mvcøvB
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU wKš‘ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY hw` Avcbvi cvIqvi mvcøvB Gi ¶gZv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg nq ZLb
Avcwb MÖvwd· KvW© Gi m¤c~Y© kw³‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡eb bv| ZvQvov Avcbvi MÖvwd· KvW© bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB hw`
fvjgv‡bi MÖvwd· KvW© wK‡bb Zvn‡j Aek¨B cvIqvi mvcvB Gi K_v gv_vq ivL‡eb| Avcbvi MÖvwd· KvW© Gi Rb¨ KZZzKz
¶gZvi cvIqvi mvcvB cÖ‡qvRb Zv Gi c¨v‡K‡Ui Mv‡q †jLv Av‡Q|

gwbUit gwbUi n‡”Q Kw¤cDUv‡ii AvDUcyU w¯Œb|

gwbUi mvavibZ wZb ai‡bi n‡q _v‡Kt
1| CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube )
2| LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display )
3| LED (Light Emitting Diode)

CRT gwbU‡i wUwfi gZ B‡jKUªb Mvb msewjZ GKwU f¨vKzqvg wUDe _v‡K| B‡jKUªb Mvb †_‡K B‡jKUªb weg c`©vi Dc‡i
†djv nq| GB Av‡jvKiwk¥ c`©vi Dc‡ii dmdi `vbv¸‡jv AvjwKZ K‡i Zz‡j Ges c`©vi Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K Uvbv
A‡b¸‡jv †iLv mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q c`©vi Aci cv‡k Qwe dz‡U D‡V|

Avi LCD gwbU‡ii †¶‡Î wjKzBW wµ÷v‡ji Dci Av‡jv †d‡j Zv w`‡q c`©vq Qwe dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq| d¬yi‡mbU e¨vKjvBU
LCD gwbU‡i e¨envi Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q DbœZ LED gwbU‡i Av‡jvi Drm wnmv‡e d¬yi‡mbU jvBU ev LED [Light
Emitting Diode] e¨envi Kiv nq| LED gwbUi Avm‡j LCD Gi Avc‡MÖW fvm©b| ZvB G‡`i Avmj bvg LED LCD gwbUi|

w¯Œb mvBRt gwbUi wKb‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB GB e¨vcviwU Av‡m| gwbU‡ii AvKvi mvavibZ 15-28 Bw ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K| Lye
mvaviY KvR n‡j 14-17 Bw h‡_ó| MÖvwd· Gi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 19-22 Bw h‡_ó|

†iR¨y‡jkbt gwbU‡ii Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq †iR¨y‡jkb|

†iR¨y‡jkb hZ fvj n‡e, Qwe ZZ cwi¯‹vi I ¯^”Q jvM‡e| w¯Œb
mvBR hZ †ewk n‡e, †iR¨y‡jkb ZZ †ewk nq| mvaviYZ 19
Bw Gi gwbUi¸‡jv‡Z 1024x786 n‡q _v‡K| D”Pgv‡bi
gwbU‡ii †¶‡Î Zv 1140x900, 1680x1050, 1920x1200
n‡q _v‡K| 1920x1200 †iR¨y‡jkbmg„× gwbUi¸‡jv‡K HD
gwbUi ejv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e MÖvwd· KvW© e¨envi K‡i GB
†iR¨y‡jk‡bi gvb‡K e„w× Kiv hvq| 19 Bw gwbU‡ii †¶‡Î Zv
m‡e©v”P 1380x786 n‡Z cv‡i| GUv MÖvwd· Kv‡W©i Dci wbf©i
K‡i| Avi Avgv‡`i evRv‡i †ewkifvM LCD gwbUi¸wj Wide
w¯Œb Gi n‡q _v‡K| G‡`i A¨vm‡c± †iwkI nq 16:9 hv g~jZ
HD gywf †`Lvi Rb¨ Lye fvj|

wfDwqs A¨vs‡Mjt Avcbviv j¶¨ Ki‡eb †h cvk †_‡K LCD gwbU‡ii w`‡K
ZvKv‡j Zv †Nvjv †Nvjv jv‡M Ges is e`‡j hvq| GUv nq wfDwqs A¨vs‡Mj
Gi Kvi‡b| †Kbbv wfDwqs A¨vs‡Mj Kg n‡j cvk †_‡K †`L‡j Qwei is e`‡j hv‡e| Avi wfDwqs A¨vs‡Mj †ewk n‡j Avcwb
hZB cvk †_‡K †`L‡eb bv †Kb, Qwei i‡Oi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv| cyi‡bv LCD gwbUi¸wji me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v wQj GB
wfDwqs A¨vs‡Mj| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b LED gwbUi¸‡jv‡Z Zv A‡bKLvwb Kwg‡q Avbv n‡q‡Q| GLbKvi gwbUi¸wji wfDwqs
A¨vs‡Mj 160-175.5 wWwMÖ n‡q _v‡K| ZvB j¶¨ ivL‡eb Avcbvi gwbU‡ii wfDwqs A¨vs‡Mj †hb †ewk nq|

c„ôv| 07
†imcÝ UvBgt gwbU‡i `ywU B‡gR cÖ`k©‡bi gv‡Si mgqwU‡K †imcÝ UvBg e‡j| mvaviY e¨venviKvix‡`i Kv‡Q GwU †Zgb
¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b bv n‡jI †Mgvi ev MÖvwd· wWRvBbvi‡`i Kv‡Q GwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †Kbbv †imcÝ UvBg †ewk n‡j gwbUi hLb
bZzb Qwe cÖ`k©b Ki‡e, ZLb bZzb cÖ`wk©Z Qwe‡Z c~‡e©i Qwei GKUv AveQv Qvqv/Ghosting Effect A_ev †Nvjv‡U fve A_ev
eøvwis †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Mgvi/MÖvwd· wWRvBbviiv GB ai‡bi mgm¨vq †ewk c‡o _v‡Kb| ZvB gwbUi †Kbvi mgq weeiYx‡Z
fvjfv‡e j¶¨ K‡i †R‡b wb‡eb gwbUiwUi †imcÝ UvBg m¤c‡K©| LCD gwbU‡ii †¶‡Î †imcÝ UvBg 1-16 wgwj‡m‡KÛ
ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avgv‡`i evRv‡i 1-8 wgwj‡m‡K‡Ûi gwbUi †ewk cvIqv hvq , hvi gv‡S cÖvq 78 fvMB 5 wgwj‡m‡KÛ
†imcÝ UvBg mg„×| Avi †gvUvgywU `v‡g 2 wgwj‡m‡KÛ †imcÝ UvBg Gi
gwbUi †c‡q hv‡eb|

WU wcPt gwbU‡ii `ywU wc‡·‡ji ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ n‡”Q WU wcP| G‡K

wgwjwgUvi GK‡K gvcv nq| gwbU‡i cÖvq nvRvi nvRvi WU wcP Av‡Q|
GKwU WU wcP †_‡K Av‡iKwUi `~iZ¡ hZ Kg n‡e, gwbUi ZZ wbLyuZ Ges
m~² B‡gR cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Avgv‡`i evRv‡ii †ewkifvM gwbU‡ii WU
wcP 0.26-0.30 wgwjwgUvi| Z‡e hviv MÖvwd· wWRvBbvi,Zviv 0.22
wgwjwgUvi WU wc‡Pi gwbUi †Kbvi †Póv Ki‡eb|

K›Uªv÷ †iwkIt gwbU‡ii Av‡iKwU Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q K›Uªv÷ †iwkI| K›Uªv÷ †iwkI n‡”Q me‡P‡q D¾¡j I me‡P‡q
Mvo i‡Oi jywg‡b‡Ýi AbycvZ| Avgiv mevB wbðqB Rvwb Òmv`vÓ n‡”Q me‡P‡q D¾¡j I ÒKv‡jvÓ n‡”Q me‡P‡q Mvo is|
K›Uªv÷ †iwkI hZ †ewk n‡e, gwbUi ZZ D¾¡j I cwi¯‹vi jvM‡e| Gevi Avwm Avcwb wK cwigvb K›Uªv÷ †iwkI mg„×
gwbUi wb‡eb †mB e¨vcv‡i| K›Uªv÷ †iwkI `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡Kt WvBbvwgK I wUwcKvj|

WvBbvwg‡Ki †¶‡Î 50000:1 I wUwcKv‡ji †¶‡Î 1000:1 n‡jB Zv Avcbvi Rb¨ h‡_ó| evRv‡i †ewkifvM gwbU‡iB
K›Uªv÷ †iwkI 50000:1-5000000:1 Gi gv‡S| Avi wUwcKv‡ji †¶‡Î 1000:1-8000:1 ch©šÍ nq| gwbUi Drcv`bKvix
†Kv¤cvwbiv c¨v‡K‡Ui Mv‡q K›Uªv÷ †iwkI Gi gvb WvBbvwg‡K w`‡q _v‡K †µZv‡`i AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨| ZvB gwbUi †Kbvi
mgq j¶¨ Ki‡eb Gi K›Uªv÷ †iwkIi gvb wUwcKvj bv WvBbvwg‡K †`qv Av‡Q|

wi‡d«k †iUt wWm‡cø‡K cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û Av‡jvwKZ Kivi cwigvb‡K wi‡d«k †iU e‡j| gwbUiwU †m‡K‡Û GKevi Av‡jvwKZ n‡j
Zv 24 nvU©R, `yBevi n‡j 48 nvU©R I wZbevi n‡j wi‡d«k †iU n‡e 72 nvU©R| wi‡d«k †iU †ewk n‡j Zv †Pv‡Li Dci Kg
Pvc †d‡j| A‡bK¶Y a‡i KvR Ki‡jI mgm¨v nqbv| wKš‘ GwU gwbU‡ii Avqy Kwg‡q †`q| GB Kvi‡bB GLbKvi LCD
gwbUi¸wji Avqy Kg nq| wi‡d«k †iU‡K gwbU‡ii †mwUsm †_‡K cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Z‡e wm‡÷g †_‡K hv †`qv Av‡Q Zv
cwieZ©b bv KivB fvj|
BbcyU B›Uvi‡dmt gv`vi‡evW© †_‡K †hB †cv‡U©i gva¨‡g gwbUi‡K Qwe
cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ mshy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K BbcyU B›Uvi‡dm e‡j| wZb ai‡bi
BbcyU B›Uvi‡dm gwbU‡i cvIqv hvq|

* VGA [Video Graphics Acceleration]

* DVI [Digital Visual Interface]
* HDMI [High Definition Multimedia Interface]
VGA A‡bK Av‡Mi †cvU© hv wWwRUvj wmMbvj †K A¨vbvj‡M iƒcvšÍi K‡i
Zv Avevi wWwRUvj wnmv‡e cÖ`k©b K‡i| Gi d‡j Qwei mwVK gvb _v‡K
bv| DVI n‡”Q wWwRUvj wfwWI B›Uvi‡dm hv wWwRUvj wmMbvj‡K
wWwRUvj wnmv‡eB cÖ`k©b K‡i| Gi d‡j Qwei mwVK gvb A¶zYè _v‡K| Avi HDMI (High Defination Multimedia
Interface) n‡”Q eZ©gv‡bi me‡P‡q AvaywbK †cvU© hv GKB mv‡_ AwWI I wfwWI †K †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b bv K‡iB cÖ`k©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLbKvi cÖvq mKj MÖvwd· Kv‡W© wZbwU †cvU©B _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b HDMI Gi me©‡kl fvm©b n‡”Q v1.4 | GQvov
HDCP (High Band-Width Digital Content Protection) bv‡g AviI GKwU BbcyU B›Uvi‡dm i‡q‡Q hv Avgv‡`i evRv‡i
mnRjf¨ bq|
†Kwmst †Kwms nj Mainboard, HDD, ODD mvwR‡q ivLvi Rb¨ e·| Gi wfZ‡iB Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avmj cvU©m¸‡jv jvMv‡bv
_v‡K| †Kwms Gi Rb¨ eª¨vÛ AZUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq| Z‡e Mercury Ges Gigabyte Gi †Kwms¸‡jv fv‡jv nq|

Kx-‡evW©t Kx-‡evW© Kw¤cDUv‡ii me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `yBUv BbcyU wWfvBm Gi g‡a¨ GwU
GKwU| Kx-‡evW© Gi Rb¨ fv‡jv eª¨vÛ nj: A4Tech, Deluxe, Mercury BZ¨vw`| GwU †Kbvi
mgq j¶¨ Ki‡eb evsjv A¶i i‡q‡Q wKbv|

c„ôv| 08
gvDmt Aci ¸iæZ¡c~Y© BbcyU wWfvBm nj GUv| Gi fv‡jv eª¨vÛ nj: A4Tech, Mercury BZ¨vw`| gvDm †Kbvi mgq DPI
(Dots Per Inch)j¶¨ Ki‡eb| DPI †ewk n‡j m~¶¥fv‡e gvDm w`‡q KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|Avcbvi ai‡Z myweav nq, Ggb
gvDm wKb‡eb|

g‡Wg I ivDUvit Kw¤cDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ g‡Wg I ivDUvi

e¨eüZ nq| †Uwj‡dvb jvBb ev wm‡gi g‡W‡gi mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| g‡Wg
wmg ev jvB‡bi B›Uvi‡bU‡K Kw¤cDUvi e¨env‡ivc‡hvMx K‡i| eZ©gv‡b
g‡W‡gi †P‡q WiFi ivDUvi †ekx RbwcÖq, Kvib WiFi ivDUvi w`‡q `k ev
Av‡iv †ekx Kw¤cDUv‡i Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| WiFi
ivDUvi †gvevBj †dv‡bi †bUIqvK© Gi g‡Zv| †gvevB‡j †hfv‡e Zvi Qvov
evZ©v †cÖiY Kiv n‡q _v‡K wVK †mBfv‡e WiFi ivDUvi B›Uvi‡bU WvUv Zvi
QvovB Kw¤cDUv‡i †cÖiY K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e WiFi g‡W‡gi †bUIqvK© mxwgZ
n‡q _v‡K| †hgb GwU 150 †_‡K 200 wgUvi ch©šÍ Kfvi Ki‡Z cv‡e| g‡Wg I ivDUvi µq Kivi †¶‡Î Avcwb hv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K B›Uvi‡bU jvBb wb‡eb Zv‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j µq Ki‡Z fvj nq|

w¯cKvit Kw¤cDUv‡ii AvDUcyU mvDÛ wWfvBm‡K w¯cKvi e‡j| cÖPwjZ 2:1 Gi w¯cKvi nj
†gvU wZbwU w¯cKv‡ii mgwó| hvi g‡a¨ eowU nj Ddvi (woofer) Ges †QvU `yBwU nj mve
Ddvi (sub-woofer)| DdviwU †em mvDÛ Ges mve DdviwU †Uªej cÖ`vb K‡i| eZ©gvb cÖvq
me †gBb‡evW© GB 5:1 mvDÛ KvW© weë-Bb _v‡K| d‡j Avcwb 5:1 w¯cKvi e¨envi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| Z‡e AviI DbœZ mvD‡Ûi Rb¨ 7:2 w¯cKviI e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib (Gi Rb¨ 7:2
mvDÛ KvW© jvM‡e)| w¯cKvi I †nW‡dv‡bi Rb¨ Rb¨ fv‡jv eª¨vÛ Creative, Microlab,
Logitech BZ¨vw`|

†nW‡dvb Ges gvB‡µv‡dvbt Kw¤cDUvi †_‡K GKvB mvDÛ ïb‡Z PvB‡j †nW‡dv‡bi weKí †bB|
Avi Kw¤cDUv‡i mvDÛ BbcyU w`‡Z n‡j (†hgb ¯‹vBwc‡Z K_v ej‡Z n‡j)gvB‡µv‡dvb
cÖ‡qvRb| evRv‡i †nW‡dvb I gvBµ‡dvb Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e I `y‡Uv GKmv‡_I cvIqv hvq|
ïay AwWI ïb‡Z PvB‡j †nW‡dvb wKb‡jB n‡e, Avi K_v ejvi Rb¨ wgwjZ fv‡e †hUv cvIqv
hvq †mUv wKb‡Z n‡e|

I‡qe K¨v‡givt Kw¤cDUvi w`‡q wb‡Ri Qwe †Zvjv I wfwWI Kj Kivi Rb¨ I‡qe K¨v‡giv e¨envi
Kiv nq| GUvi †gMv wc‡·j hZ †ekx n‡e Qwei gvb Z‡Zv fv‡jv Avm‡e| j¨vcU‡ci †¶‡Î I‡qe
K¨v‡giv mshy³ _v‡K, wKš‘ †W·U‡ci Rb¨ Avjv`vfv‡e wKb‡Z nq|

BDwcGmt evsjv‡`‡k †W¯‹Uc Kw¤cDUv‡ii Rb¨ UPS †h Acwinvh© Zv ejvi evB‡i| UPS †Kbvi mgq G¸‡jv j¶¨ Ki‡eb:
1| `yB ai‡bi UPS cvIqv hvq| Online UPS Ges Offline UPS| G‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
nj, we`¨yr P‡j †M‡j Online UPS on n‡Z †Kvb mgq †bq bv, wKš‘ Offline UPS
mvgvb¨ mgq †bq| m¤¢ebv Kg n‡jI GB mvgvb¨ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Kw¤cDUv‡ii cvIqvi
P‡j wM‡q wi-÷vU© n‡Z cv‡i|
2| Avcbvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx UPS Gi cvIqvi select Ki‡eb| gwbU‡ii w¯Œb eo n‡j,
†ewk cvIqv‡ii MÖvwd· KvW© e¨envi Ki‡j, DbœZ cÖ‡mmi n‡j †ewk cvIqv‡ii UPS
cÖ‡qvRb| †`vKv‡b Avcbvi Kw¤cDUv‡ii KbwdMv‡ikb ej‡j Zviv mwVK UPS w`‡Z
cvi‡e|
3| mvaviYZ GKwU UPS Gi Back-up time 30 wgwbU| Gi †P‡q †ewk Back-up
time Gi UPS wKb‡Z n‡j g~j¨ †ewk n‡e| Uvbv e¨vKAvc w`‡Z †Rbv‡iU‡ii weKí bvB|

wUwf KvW©t Kw¤cDUv‡ii gwbUi‡K wUwf †`Lvi Kv‡R e¨envi

Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb wUwf KvW© cÖ‡qvRb| LCD/LED wUwfi g~j¨ †ewk
e‡j A‡b‡KB LCD monitor Ges TV card wK‡b wUwf †`Lvi
c×wZi w`‡K SzuK‡Qb| Z‡e wUwf †`LvB hw` nq Avcbvi
D‡Ïk¨, Z‡e LCD/ LED TV monitor B wKbyb| G‡Z djvdj
fv‡jv cv‡eb| TV card Gi myweav nj, Gi gva¨‡g Avcwb ïay
wUwfB †`L‡Z cv‡eb bv, AbyôvbI †iKW© K‡i Avcbvi nvW©wW¯‹
G Rgv K‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| TV tuner Aek¨B gwbU‡ii
†iR¨y‡jkb Gi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ c~Y© n‡Z n‡e| kc G Avcbvi
gwbU‡ii †iR¨y‡jkb ev g‡Wj ej‡jB Zviv mwVK wUwf KvW©
†e‡Q w`‡Z cvi‡eb| TV card Gi Rb¨ fv‡jv eª¨vÛ nj:
Avermedia, Real view, Gadmei BZ¨vw`|

c„ôv| 09
 mdUIq¨vi aviYv
GK¸”Q †cÖvMÖvg, Kg©c×wZ I e¨enviwewa‡K mdUIq¨vi e‡j, hvi mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi wbw`©ó cÖKv‡ii KvR m¤úv`b
K‡i| A_©vr mdUIq¨vi nj wKQy †cÖvMÖv‡gi Kv‡jKkb|
cÖKvi‡f`: mdUIq¨vi cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvit
1| wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi 2| Gwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi 3| †cÖvMÖvwgs mdUIq¨vi
1| wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi: Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iq¨vi¸‡jv‡K cwiPvjbv Ges Gwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi ¸‡jv‡K KvR Kivi Dc‡hvMx
cwi‡ek cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †h mdUIq¨vi wWRvBb Kiv nq Zv‡K wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi e‡j|
A_©vr GKK_vq wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi Gi KvR¸‡jv:
K| Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iq¨vi¸‡jv‡K GKÎ K‡i Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx K‡i|
L| Gwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ cø¨vUdg© ˆZwi K‡i|
M| Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg Ges nvW©Iq¨vi Gi gv‡S mgš^q mvab K‡i|
N| Avcbvi †`qv wewfbœ wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx nvW©Iq¨vi †K cwiPvjbv K‡i|
O| Kw¤úDUvi‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡e, wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Gme Av‡`k †`qvi Rb¨ wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi
e¨envi Kiv nq| AviI mnR K_vq ej‡j Kw¤úDUv‡ii cwiPvjK nj wm‡÷g mdUIqvi|
wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi mvaviYZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v:-
K| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g L| BDwUwjwU wm‡÷g M| wgWjIq¨vi

Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g: Operate kãwUi A_© cwiPvjbv Kiv| myZivs Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g kãwUi AvwfavwbK A_© cwiPvjbvi
c×wZ| Kw¤úUv‡ii †¶‡Î, Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g A_© n‡”Q Kw¤úDUvi cwiPvjbvi c×wZ| ZvB ejv hvq Kw¤úDUvi cwiPvjbvi
Rb¨ †h mdUIq¨vi e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K e‡j Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi|
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g n‡jv ga¨eZ©x mdUIq¨vi, hv e¨enviKvix Ges Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ Abyev`‡Ki ev †`vfvlxi f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i| A_©vr GB wm‡÷‡gi mvnv‡h¨B e¨enviKvix I Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii mg¯Í DcKiY I
KvRKg©‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z GwU‡K e¨envi Kiv nq|
cÖPwjZ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Dos, Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac BZ¨vw`| wek¦L¨vZ mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb
Microsoft Gi me©‡kl Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi n‡”Q windows 10.
A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi: †h †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ e¨enviKvixMY Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g wewfbœ KvR Kivi Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb me
†cÖvMÖvg‡K A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi e‡j| †KvbI wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wbw`©ó A¨vwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb
†jLvi Rb¨ Microsoft word, Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨ vlc player, Qwe GwWU Kivi Rb¨ Photoshop BZ¨vw`|
Gwcø‡Kkb mdUIq¨vi‡K `yBwU †k«Yx‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq|
K. c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi| L. KvógvBR mdUIq¨vi|
c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi: wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆZix I e¨eüZ AcwieZ©bxq †cÖvMÖvg‡K e‡j c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi †cÖvMÖvg| †hgb
GgGm G‡·‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †¯úªWkxU Gbvwjwm‡mi KvR Kiv hvq| GgGm GK‡mm †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ †WUv‡eR e¨e¯’vcbvi
KvR Kiv hvq| c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi e¨enviKvixi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K j¶ †i‡L wewfbœ Ackb ms‡hvwRZ _v‡K| e¨enviKvix
†Kej Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wKsev Ackb wm‡j± K‡i
KvswLZ KvR m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K|
KvógvBR mdUIq¨vi: †Kej wbw`©ó Kw¤úDUvi e¨enviKvixi cª‡qvRb Abyhvqx
ˆZix mdUIq¨vi‡K e‡j KvógvBR mdUIq¨vi | †hgb: dvg©mg~‡n e¨eüZ
mdUIq¨vi, e¨vsK, exgv, nvmcvZvj BZ¨vw` cÖwZôv‡b e¨eüZ mdUIq¨vi
KvógvBR mdUIq¨vi|
†cÖvMÖvwgs mdUIq¨vi: Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ Application ev c¨v‡KR †cÖvMÖvg
ˆZwii Rb¨ †h mdUIq¨vi e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K †cÖvMÖvwgs mdUIq¨vi e‡j|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQy mdUIq¨v‡ii ZvwjKv:
Microsoft Office: DB‡ÛvR Kw¤úDUv‡ii me‡P‡q ¸iZ¡c~b© I RbwcÖq
mdUIq¨vi c¨v‡KR n‡”Q gvB‡µvmdU Awdm| mviv we‡k¦ Gi e¨enviKvixi
msL¨v 100 †KvwU Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡m wb‡gœv³ mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv
_v‡K:
K) Microsoft Word: †h‡Kvb fvlvq †jLvi Rb¨ I †jLv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨
IqvW© mvivwe‡k¦ m‡e©v”P e¨eüZ mdUIq¨vi| DB‡ÛvR Kw¤úDUv‡i
gvB‡µvmdU IqvW© †cÖvMÖvg fvjfv‡e Rvbvi †Kvb weKí †bB|
L) Microsoft Excel: gvB‡µvmdU G‡·j GKwU †¯úªWwkU †cÖvMÖvg| Gi
gva¨‡g mKj c«Kvi Z_¨ I wnmve msi¶Y I m¤úv`bv Kiv hvq| gvK©kxU,
m¨vjvixkxU, K¨vk‡g‡gv, Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve, Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbvmn eûwea
Kv‡R Gi e¨envi D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GQvov MvwYwZK wn‡me, MÖvwdK¨vj
B›UviwcÖ‡Ukb ˆZix Gi Ab¨Zg myweav|
c„ôv| 10
M)Microsoft PowerPoint: gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U DB‡ÛvR Ges
g¨v‡Ki GKwU †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvg| GwU †c«‡R‡›Ukb ¯øvBW ˆZwi I cÖ`k©‡b
e¨eüZ nq |
N) Microsoft OneNote: gvB‡µvmdU Iqvb‡bvU GKwU †bvU
†cÖvMÖvg| G‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq †bvU msi¶Y, A¼b, c`©v msev`c‡Îi †K‡U
ivLv Ask Ges AwWI aviY K‡i ivLv hvq| †bvU B›Uvi‡bU ev
†bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g Ab¨ Iqvb‡bvU e¨enviKvix‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi Kiv
hvq|
O) Microsoft OutLook: gvB‡µvmdU AvDUjyK GKwU e¨w³MZ Z_¨
g¨v‡bRvi| DB‡ÛvR †g‡mwRs, gvB‡µvmdU †gBj, B-†gBj K¬v‡q›U,
K¨v‡jÛvi, Uv¯‹ g¨v‡bRvi Ges wVKvbv eB AšÍf©~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q |
P) Microsoft Access: gvB‡µvmdU GK‡mm DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU †WUv‡eR †cÖvMÖvg| GQvovI gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡m
Microsoft Project, Microsoft Publisher BZ¨vw` mdUIq¨vi _v‡K| gvB‡µvmdU eZ©gv‡b Office 2016 fvm©b †ei
K‡i‡Q, Gi Av‡M Office 2013, Office 2010, Office 2007, Office 2003 Rbwc«q wQj|
gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi I‡qemvBU †_‡K 30 w`‡bi U«vqvj Kwc bvgv‡bv hvq| mdUIq¨viwUi †RbyBb fvm©b µq Ki‡Z cÖvq
AvU nvRvi UvKv jv‡M| GQvov B›Uvi‡b‡U gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi cvB‡i‡UW Kwc Anin cvIqv hvq|
Avro Keyboard: GwU evsjv BDwb‡KvW wK‡evW©| Kw¤úDUv‡i mn‡R gvZ…fvlv evsjvq wjL‡Z Aå wK‡ev‡Wi© Rywo †bB|
GQvovI Avro Spell Checker Øviv evbvb fyj Av‡Q wKbv †mUv †PK Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: https://www.omicronlab.com/avro-keyboard-download.html

Bijoy Bayanno: weRq evqv‡bœvi gva¨‡g mn‡R BDwb‡KvW evsjv I weRq evsjv wjLv hvq| Z‡e mdUIq¨viwU wK‡b
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| hw`I wd« µvK fvm©b A‡b‡K e¨envi K‡ib|

Gw›UfvBivm: Kw¤úDUvi‡K myiw¶Z ivL‡Z Gw›UfvBivm BÝUj Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| DB‡ÛvR 10 G DB‡ÛvR wW‡dÛvi bvgK wd«
Gw›UfvBivm †`Iqv _v‡K| GQvovI wKQz wd« Gw›UfvBivm cvIqv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Avira I Avast .
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: https://www.avira.com/en/downloads,
https://www.avast.com/free-antivirus-download .
Z‡e DËg †mev †c‡Z Gw›UfvBivm †Kbvi weKí †bB| µq K‡i e¨envi Ki‡j K¨vmcviw¯‹, biUb, †U«Û, gvKvwd BZ¨vw`
Gw›UfvBivm fvj KvR K‡i|
Adobe Reader: Portable Document Format ev PDF dvBj covi Rb¨ Adobe Reader e¨envi Kiv nq| GQvovI
wcwWGd covi Rb¨ dw·U wiWvi fvj KvR K‡i|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbvt https://get.adobe.com/reader/
https://www.foxitsoftware.com/products/pdf-reader/
Adobe Acrobat: wcwWGd GwWU Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
Adobe Photoshop: cQ›`gvwdK Qwe GwWU, e¨vbvi, wWRvBb BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ weL¨vZ MÖvwd· m¤úv`bvKvix GB
mdUIq¨viwU| A¨v‡Wvwei me‡_‡K Rbwc«q mdUIq¨vi GwU|
Adobe Illustrator: A¨v‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷«Ui hv ïay 'Bjv‡÷«Ui' bv‡gB †ewk cwiwPZ GKwU †f±i MÖvwd· m¤úv`bvKvix|
GB mdUIq¨viwU ˆZwi I evRviRvZ K‡i‡Q A¨v‡Wvwe wm‡÷gm| A¨v‡Wvwei me‡_‡K RbwcÖq mdUIq¨vi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GwU
Ab¨Zg| Gi gva¨‡g mKj MÖvwd· wWRvBb, †jv‡Mv, e¨vbvi ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
CCleaner: Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ac«‡qvRbxq dvBj gyQ‡Z wm wK¬bvi Lye Kvh©Kix|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: https://www.piriform.com/ccleaner/download
Google Chrome: B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ ¸Mj Gi e«vDRvi| mviv c…w_ex‡Z me©vwaK e¨eüZ|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: https://www.google.com/chrome
Mozilla Firefox: B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ weKí eªvDRvi|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new
Internet Download Manager: B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K wfwWI, AwWImn hveZxq dvBj mn‡R WvDb‡jv‡Wi Rb¨ e¨envi
Kiv hv‡e|
Skype: B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g AwWI I wfwWI Kj Kivi Rb¨ gvB‡µvmdU Gi RbwcÖq Kwjs mvwf©m|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-computer
Format Factory: †h‡Kvb wfwWI, AwWI I Qwe KbfvU© Ki‡Z ev mvBR cwieZ©b Ki‡Z mdUIq¨viwU Kvh©Kix|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: http://www.pcfreetime.com
Team Viewer: GwU GKwU wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj mdUIq¨vi| B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g GB mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i GK
Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbvt https://www.teamviewer.com/en
c„ôv| 11
KM Player: AwWI I wfwWI †`Lvi gvwëwgwWqv †cqvi| w_ªwW †`Lvi myweav Av‡Q|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbvt http://www.kmplayer.com/
VLC Player: weKí gvwëwgwWqv †cqvi|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: http://www.videolan.org/vlc/download-windows.html
7 Zip: †h‡Kvb wRc dvBj Lyj‡Z ev wRc Ki‡Z I‡cb‡mvm© 7 Zip Gi Rywo †bB| DBbivi GKB KvR Ki‡jI DBbivi wd«
bq|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbvt http://www.7-zip.org/download.html
Recuva: wW‡jU n‡q hvIqv †g‡gvwi cybiæ×v‡ii Rb¨ RbwcÖq mdUIq¨vi †iKyfv| K¨v‡givi †g‡gvwi KvW©, BDGmwe W«vBf,
Kw¤úDUvi wimvB‡Kj web wKsev Ggwcw_ª †cøqvi †_‡K gy‡Q hvIqv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ D×v‡i †iKyfv mdUIq¨viwU‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv
†h‡Z cv‡i| G mdUIq¨viwU hw`I me dvBj †diZ Avb‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvi ciI c«‡qvRbxq A‡bK dvBj cybiæ×v‡i G
mdUIq¨viwU Kv‡R w`‡Z cv‡i|
WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbv: www.piriform.com/recuva

General Use of Computers

e¨envi‡hvM¨ GKwU Computer-G mvaviYZ Gi Operating System Ges Ab¨vb¨ Program mg~n c~e© ‡_‡KB Install Kiv
_v‡K| Computer-wU ON Ki‡j cÖ_‡g Operating System Pvjy n‡q Ab¨vb¨ Application Program e¨envi K‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR Kivi Rb¨ GKwU Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZix nq| GB cwi‡ek Computer User-‡K Avm‡j wewfbœ Kv‡Ri
Dc‡hvMx GKwU Suitable Platform †`q| Computer-Gi fvqvq GB Platform-†K Desktop e‡j| Desktop ‡_‡K User
Zvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †h †Kvb Program Pvjy Ki‡Z cv‡i| User-‡K mvaviYZ †Kvb Program-G KvR Ki‡Z PvB‡j H
Program-Gi wewfbœ Command Ges Option e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Ges me‡k‡l KvRwU Hard Disk ev Ab¨ †Kvb Storage
Device-G msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq hv‡Z K‡i cieZ©x‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq KvRwU‡K e¨envi Kiv hvq| KvR †k‡l mwVK wbq‡g
Program Close K‡i Computer-wU Shut Down/Turn Off Ki‡Z nq| Computer-Gi Gme †gŠwjK e¨envi cÖ‡Z¨K
e¨enviKvixi Aek¨B Rvbv DwPZ| wb‡P G m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

Starting Windows/Windows Pvjy Kiv

Computer-Gi me Kv‡bKkb wVK Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e|

Computer-G ‡Kvb ‡cbW«vBf jvMv‡bv _vK‡j Zv †ei K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
System Unit Ges Monitor-Gi Power Switch-Øq ON Ki‡Z n‡e|

Windows Pvjy Kivi ci wK nq?

cÖ_‡g Booting Prompt Av‡m| GKwU Kv‡jv Screen Gi g‡a¨ nvjKv mv`v †jLv wewfbœ ai‡bi Option †`wL‡q
Lye `ªæZ Pass n‡Z _v‡K| GB Prompt-†K Booting Prompt e‡j |
Gici Av‡m Log On Screen Ges
me †k‡l Av‡m Startup Screen /Starting Screen /Opening Screen / Opening Platform/Desktop|
GB Desktop ‡_‡K Computer-Gi hveZxq KvR Kiv hvq|

wPÎt DB‡ÛvR 10 Gi †W·Uc wPÎt DB‡ÛvR 7 Gi †W·Uc

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DB‡Ûv‡Ri Kvh©Kix Ask¸‡jv
GLv‡b Windows-Gi Functional Parts ev Kvh©Kix Ask ej‡Z g~jZ †mB mKj
Dcv`vb‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h mKj Dcv`vb Windows-G Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î ¸iƒZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges Lye †ekx e¨eüZ nq| Computer Pvjy Ae¯’vq Windows-Gi
cÖavb Components/Functional Parts ¸‡jv nj My Computer, Desktop,
Recycle Bin, Start Button, Taskbar, Shortcuts BZ¨vw`|

My Computer wPÎt DB‡ÛvR XP Gi †W·Uc

†h †Kvb Computer-Gi Desktop-G †h‡q My Computer Icon-wU‡Z Double Click Ki‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU My
Computer Dialog Box Avm‡e †hLvb †_‡K †evSv hv‡e H Computer-G KZ¸wj Drive Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Size KZ|

Figure Name: My Computer (Windows 10) Figure Name: My Computer (Windows 7)

Desktop
†h †Kvb Computer Start n‡q w¯’i Ae¯’vq Avmvi ci me©cÖ_g †h Screen-wU †`Lv hvq Zv‡K Desktop e‡j| †Kvb GKwU
Application Program Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ Desktop-G _vKv H Application Program-Gi Icon-Gi Dci Double
Click/‡¶Î we‡k‡l Single Click Ki‡Z nq| d‡j Application-wU Kvh©Kix nq ev Pj‡Z _v‡K| Application-wU Kvh©Kix
nIqvi ci Zvi wbR¯^ GKwU Window _v‡K hvi gva¨‡g †m c`©vq cÖ`wk©Z nq| GB Application-wUB Desktop I
Taskbar-G †`Lv hvq|

Titlebar
Windows Gi †h †Kvb Program-G XyK‡j c`©vi kx‡l© Aew¯’Z j¤^v jvBb †hLv‡b H Program-Gi bvg †jLv _v‡K Zv‡K
Titlebar e‡j| Titlebar-G hv cÖ`wk©Z nq:
H Program-Gi bvg,
H Program-Gi AvIZvaxb eZ©gvb mPj File-Gi bvg,
Control Box,
Maximize Button,
Minimize Button BZ¨vw`

Maximize Button: c`©vq Open Kiv †Kvb DB‡Ûv Program-Gi Maximize Button-G Click Ki‡j D³ DB‡Ûv
Program-wU m¤ú~Y© c`©v Ry‡o cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
Minimize Button:c`©vq Open Kiv †Kvb DB‡Ûv Program-Gi Minimize Button-G Click Ki‡j D³ DB‡Ûv
Program-wU m¤ú~Y© c`©v Ry‡o cÖ`wk©Z bv n‡q GKwU ¶y`ª Icon-G cwiYZ n‡e|

Figure Name: Titlebar

Minimize/Maximize/Close Buttons
bZzb K‡i GKwU Window Lyj‡j †`Lv hvq †h, mvaviYZ Window-wUi Dc‡ii Wvb
KY©v‡ii w`‡K Minimize/Maximize/Close Button ¸wj _v‡K| cÖ_gwU Minimize-Gi
gva¨‡g Avcbvi Screen-wU‡K Taskbar-G cvwV‡q ‡`q Ges wØZxqwU Avcbvi
Screen-wU‡K m¤ú~Y© Desktop Ry‡o cÖ`k©b K‡i A_©vr cye© †_‡K Minimize K…Z
Window-wU‡K Maximize K‡i| Avi G‡Kev‡i ‡k‡liwU cye© †_‡K Open Kiv †Kvb
Document-‡K Close Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| Maximized Document Window wb‡q
KvR KivUv memgq fvj Af¨vm | Figure Name:
Miniize/Maximize/Close Buttons

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Taskbar
Taskbar n‡”Q Windows Screen Gi me†P‡q wb‡Pi mvwi| †hme Application Window BwZc~‡e© Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv
wm‡j± Ki‡Z Taskbar-wU e¨eüZ nq| †Kvb Application-‡K mvg‡b Avb‡Z PvB‡j Taskbar-G jyKvwqZ _vKv H
Application-Gi Minimize K…Z Window-wU‡Z Click Ki‡Z n‡e | Ab¨ c×wZ n‡jv ALT + TAB †P‡c a‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq
Application-wU Select Kiv|

Figure Name: Taskbar

Start Menu
Start Button-G
wK¬K Ki‡j Bottom-Left Corner-G †h †gby wU Av‡m Zv n‡jv Start Menu| GLb GB Pop-Up
Window-Gi Submenu ¸wj n‡Z Avcwb Avcbvi Kvw•LZ Application-wU select Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Figure Name: Start Menu

Start Menu-‡Z Right Button Click Ki‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU bZzb Menu List ‡`Lv hv‡e|

Figure Name: Taskbar Sub Menu after Placing Right Button

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†mLvb †_‡K Properties-G Click Ki‡j GKwU Taskbar and Start Menu
Properties bv‡g GKwU Dialog Box ‡`Lv hv‡e| GLv‡b Start menu Ges
Classic Start menu bv‡g `yBwU Option Av‡Q| GLv‡b By Default
wn‡m‡e Start menu Option-wU Select Kiv _v‡K ZvB hw` †KD Classic
Start menu Avb‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv‡K †mLvb †_‡K Classic Start menu
bvgK Option-wU Select K‡i Apply †Z Click K‡i Ok w`‡Z n‡e|
AvkvKwi wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gva¨‡g welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡e|

Use of Mouse in Windows

Mouse-Gi m¤§yL fvM 2/3 fv‡M wef³| GB fvM¸wji
cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K Mouse Buton ev gvD‡mi †evZvg e‡j|
†Kvb †Kvb Mouse-Gi m¤§yL fvM 2 fv‡M Avevi ‡Kvb †Kvb
Mouse-Gi m¤§yL fvM 3 fv‡M wef³|
†Kvb †Kvb Mouse-Gi m¤§yL fvM 1 wU Scroll Wheel _v‡K hv
Nywi‡q Nywi‡q Lye mn‡R GKwU Page ‡_‡K Ab¨ Page-G Move Kiv hvq |
`yÕGKwU Special Task ev‡` Left Button-B mvaviYZ †ekx Figure Name: Taskbar and Start Menu Properties

e¨enZ nq| ZvB Mouse-Gi Button/†evZvg Pvcv gv‡bB cÖv_wgK fv‡e a‡i wb‡Z n‡e Left Button Pvcv|
Mouse Pointer: Windows-Gi Desktop wKsev Ab¨ †h †Kvb Program G XyK‡jB GKwU Arrow wPý
†`Lv hvq hv‡K Mouse Pointer e‡j|
Mouse bvov‡j Arrow wPý/Mouse Pointer I b‡o|
Mouse Pointer bvwo‡q/Move Kwi‡q †Kvb Menu ev Command Option-G wb‡q Left Button †P‡c `ªæZ
Command Select Kiv, †Kvb Menu Open Kiv, †Kvb Icon Select Kiv, †Kvb Icon move Kiv, †Kvb Program Start
Kiv, DB‡Ûvi AvK…wZ cwieZ©b Kiv BZ¨vw` hveZxq KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hvq|

Click: Mouse Pointer bvwo‡q/Move Kwi‡q †Kvb Menu ev Command Option-G wb‡q mvaviYZ Left Button †P‡c
Command Select Kiv nq|
Gfv‡e Left Button GKevi Pvcv‡K ejv nq Click Kiv|
Ges bv †_‡g ci ci 2 evi Click Kiv‡K e‡j Double Click Kiv|
Drag: Mouse Pointer bvwo‡q/Move Kwi‡q †Kvb Icon ev Ab¨ †Kvb wKQzi Dci wb‡q Left button w`‡q Click K‡i Left
Button †P‡c ‡i‡LB Dc‡i hvIqv, wb‡P bvgv, Wv‡b hvIqv ev ev‡g hvIqv‡K ms‡¶‡c Drag Kiv e‡j|
Drag K‡i Icon Move Kiv, DB‡Ûvi AvK…wZ/Size cwieZ©b Kiv BZ¨vw` KvR Kiv nq|
Scroll bar †K Drag K‡i Command Option wbe©vPb Kiv nq|

Multi tasking: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Application GKB mv‡_ Pvjy ivLv‡K Multi tasking e‡j| D`vniY¯^iƒc ‡Kvb
e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ GKB mg‡q Internet †_‡K File Download Ges MS Word-G Word Processing-Gi KvR Kivi
`iKvi n‡Z cv‡i|GB Dfq KvR ev Zvi †P‡q †ekx KvR GKB mg‡q GKB mv‡_ m¤úbœ Kivi c×wZB n‡jv Multi tasking|

Copy

Microsoft Word-Gi ‡h †Kvb File ev Document wb‡q KvR Kivi mgq †Kvb Z_¨ ev Data-i cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask G‡Kev‡i
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c bv ‡K‡U g~j Data H ¯’v‡b AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L GKB Document-i wfZ‡i Ab¨ RvqMvq emv‡bvi Rb¨ ev evi evi
e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ wKsev GK Document n‡Z wfbœ GKwU Document -G e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Edit Menu -i Copy KgvÛ e¨envi
Kiv nq|

Figure Name: Multitasking

Copy: Microsoft Word-Gi ‡h †Kvb File ev Document wb‡q KvR Kivi mgq †Kvb Z_¨ ev Data-i cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask
G‡Kev‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c bv ‡K‡U g~j Data H ¯’v‡b AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L GKB Document-i wfZ‡i Ab¨ RvqMvq emv‡bvi Rb¨ ev
evi evi e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ wKsev GK Document n‡Z wfbœ GKwU Document -G e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Edit Menu -i Copy
KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq|
wVK GKB fv‡e Computer-G KvR Kivi mgq Desktop-G _vKv †Kvb File/Folder/Document A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb
Drive-G Ae¯’vbK…Z †Kvb Folder w¯’Z File/Folder/Document-‡K Zvi wb‡Ri eZ©gvb Ae¯’v‡b AUzU †i‡L cÖ‡qvRbxq
¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi Rb¨ Copy KgvÛ e¨eüZ nq|

c„ôv| 15
GRb¨ Copy Kivi mgq H File/Folder/Document-Gi Dci Mouse Button-Gi Right Click Copy KgvÛ A_ev H
File/Folder/Document-wU select K‡i CTRL + C ‡K Press Kiv A_ev Edit Menu Copy KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| Avkv
Kwi wb‡Pi wPÎ؇qi gva¨‡g welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡e|

Figure Name: Process of Copy

Cut: Microsoft Word-Gi ‡h †Kvb File ev Document wb‡q KvR Kivi mgq †Kvb
Z_¨ ev Data-i cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask G‡Kev‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †K‡U Ab¨ RvqMvq emv‡bvi Rb¨
wKsev †Kvb Z_¨ ev Data-i AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask G‡Kev‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c gy‡Q ‡djvi Rb¨ Edit
Menu -i Cut KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq|

wVK GKB fv‡e Computer-G KvR Kivi mgq Desktop-G _vKv †Kvb
File/Folder/Document A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb Drive-G Ae¯’vbK…Z †Kvb Folder w¯’Z
File/Folder/Document-‡K Zvi wb‡Ri eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb ‡_‡K G‡Kev‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
†K‡U cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi Rb¨ Cut KgvÛ e¨eüZ nq| GRb¨ Cut Kivi
mgq H File/Folder/Document-Gi Dci Mouse Button-Gi Right Click Cut
KgvÛ A_ev H File/Folder/Document-wU select K‡i CTRL + X ‡K Press Kiv nq
A_ev Edit Menu Cut KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| AvkvKwi h_vµ‡g Dc‡ii Ges wb‡Pi
wPÎ؇qi gva¨‡g welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡e| Figure Name: Process of Cut

Paste: Word Gi ‡h †Kvb File ev Document wb‡q KvR Kivi mgq †Kvb Z_¨ ev Data-i cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask Cut / Copy
K‡i GKB Document-i wfZ‡i Ab¨ RvqMvq emv‡bvi Rb¨ ev evi evi e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ wKsev GK Document n‡Z wfbœ
GKwU Document-G e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Edit Menu-i Paste KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq|
wVK GKB fv‡e Computer-G KvR Kivi mgq †h †Kvb Drive-G Ae¯’vbK…Z †Kvb Folder w¯’Z
File/Folder/Document-‡K Zvi wb‡Ri eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb ‡_‡K Cut K‡i G‡b ev H Ae¯’v‡b AUzU †i‡L Copy K‡i G‡b
cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b Z_v Ab¨ †Kvb Drive-G Ae¯’vbK…Z †Kvb Folder-G ev Desktop-G ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi Rb¨ evievi Mouse
Button-Gi Right Click Paste KgvÛ A_ev CTRL + v ‡K Press Kiv nq A_ev Edit Menu Paste KgvÛ e¨envi
Kiv nq| myZivs Paste Kivi Rb¨ 2wU KvR Ki‡Z nq h_v:

1. †h File/Folder/Document-‡K Paste Ki‡Z n‡e Zv‡K select Kiv |

2. Mouse Button-GiRight Click Paste KgvÛe¨envi K‡i wbw`©ó RvqMvq Paste Kiv |

AvkvKwi wb‡Pi wPÎ؇qi gva¨‡g welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡e|

Figure Name: Process of Paste

c„ôv| 16
Standard and Formatting Toolbars
Buttons Avi Boxes wb‡q Toolbar| Toolbar mvavibZ Application's Window-Gi G‡Kev‡i Dc‡i _v‡K| wb‡P
Standard Toolbar †`Lv‡bv nj| Bnv bZzb Document ˆZwi, Save, Print, Spell Check BZ¨vw` Kv‡R jv‡M|

Alignment, Font Type, Font Size, Bold, Italic, Llist e¨envi K‡i Text Format Ki‡Z Formatting Toolbar e¨eüZ
nq |

Making New Folder

A‡bK¸wj Dcv‡q New Folder ˆZwi Kiv hvq| wb‡P Process ¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

Hard disk-Gi ‡Kvb Drive-G †h‡q ev Drive w¯’Z ‡Kvb Folder-G †h‡q File Menu New Folder KgvÛ
w`‡q H Drive-G GKwU New Folder ˆZwi Kiv hvq| wb‡Pi wPÎ؇qi gva¨‡g welqwU †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

Figure Name: Process of Making New Folder

Dc‡ii wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †evSv hv‡”Q †h, GLv‡b File Menu New Folder KgvÛwU C Drive-G Xy‡K †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
Drag and Drop
†Kvb Icon-Gi Dci Mouse-Gi Left Button Press K‡i †P‡c a‡i H Icon-‡K hLb ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq ZLb g~j
Icon-wUi cv‡k GKwU Qvqv Icon †`Lv hvq| Mouse-Gi Left Button-‡K †h ¯’v‡b †Q‡o ‡`Iqv nq Icon-wU G ¯’v‡b
cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nq| GB Process-†K Drag and Drop e‡j|

D‡j¬L¨ †h, Icon-Gi Dci Mouse-Gi Left Button Press K‡i †P‡c a‡i ¯’vbvšÍi Kivi bvg Drag Ges Dragging †kl
K‡i Button Release KivB n‡”Q Drop|
Drag and Drop e¨envi K‡i Windows Explorer-Gi gva¨‡g File/Folder/Document-‡K mn‡R Move Kiv‡bv
hvq| D`vniY¯^iƒc H Drive-Gi recent bvgK Folder-wU Mouse-Gi Left Button Hold Kwi‡q Drag Kiv n‡q‡Q hv
wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q|

Figure Name: Use of Drag and Drop

GLb GB Drag K…Z Folder-wU Lye mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv hv‡e| awi Avgiv Folder-wU C Drive-G Move
Ki‡Z PvB| wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv Folder-wU Drag Kiv Ae¯’vq evg cv‡ki Local Disk (C:)-Gi Dci G‡b †Q‡o w`‡j/ Drop
Ki‡j Folder-wU Avcbv AvcwbB H Drive n‡Z Copy n‡q C Drive-G Paste n‡q hv‡e|

c„ôv| 17
Ab¨vb¨ Application Package ‡hgb MS Word-G †Kvb Document wb‡q KvR Kivi mgq Document-Gi †Kvb
cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask‡K Select K‡i Cut/Move/Copy K‡i Paste Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq Drag and Drop e¨envi Kiv nq|

File Extension
GKRb Computer e¨enviKvix‡K Computer-G KvR Kivi mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi File †hgb Doc File, Image File BZ¨vw`
wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z nq| GB File ¸wji GK GKwU GK GK ai‡bi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i | ZvB GB File ¸wj‡K wb‡q KvR Kivi
mgq GKRb Computer e¨enviKvix‡K Rvb‡Z nq †Kvb File-G wK KvR nq, KviY Zv‡K Kv‡Ri Pvwn`v Abyhvqx File
Selection-Gi KvRwU mvi‡Z nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Computer †KI Guess Ki‡Z nq †h, e¨enviKvix Zvi Kv‡Q wVK wK ai‡bi
File wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z Pv‡”Q| e¨enviKvixi Pvwn`vbyhvqx Computer †mB File ¸wj‡K Application window-‡Z Open
K‡i| Z‡e GB †¶‡Î Computer-‡K GKwU Internal Process-Gi gva¨‡g File ¸wj‡K mbv³ Ki‡Z nq|
cÖ‡Z¨K File-Gi bv‡gi †k‡l GKwU WU ( . ) wPý _v‡K Ges GB WU ( . ) wP‡ýi ci 3 wU letter _v‡K hv mvaviYZ File-Gi
bv‡gi †k‡l †`Lv hvq bv | By Default GwU Computer Operating System Øviv Hidden _v‡K| ‡Kvb File-Gi bv‡gi
†k‡l WU ( . ) wPý mn †h wZbwU A¶i _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K GK‡Î File Extension e‡j|
†Kvb Application †hgb MS Word-G KvR K‡i KvRwU‡K GKwU File-G Save Ki‡Z nq hv Computer-Gi Hard Disk-G
Rgv _v‡K| File-wUi GKwU bvg w`‡q †Kvb Storage Device-G Save Kivi mgq wewfbœ Category-†Z Save Kiv hvq|
File-wUi File Extension wK n‡e Zv Selected Category Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K| D‡j¬L¨ †h, FileSave Kivi mgq
File Name-wU wK n‡e Zv File name bvgK Field-Gi gva¨‡g Ges File Type-wU wK n‡e Zv Save as type bvgK Field-Gi
gva¨‡g wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z nq| wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gva¨‡g welqwU Clear n‡e AvkvKwi|

Figure Name: File extension

wb‡P wewfbœ ai‡bi File-Gi File Extension †`Iqv n‡jv|

Graphic files --- .bmp,.gif, .tif,.jpg Word document--- .doc
Program file--- .exe Webpages files--- .htm,.html
Unformatted text--- .txt Excel spreadsheet file--- .xls
Compressed file--- .zip Rich Formatted Text--- .rtf
Sound file--- .wav Acrobat Reader file--- .pdf

c„ôv| 18
A‡bK mgq ‡Kvb GKwU File-Gi File Extension wK Zv Rvbv Riƒix n‡q c‡o| G‡¶‡Î H File-Gi File Extension Show
Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œi c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| Desktop w¯’Z My Computer Icon-Gi Dci Mouse-Gi Left
Button-Gi Double click Tools Menu Folder Options View Hide extensions for known file types-Gi
Check box-Gi wUK gvK© DwV‡q †`Iqv| wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gva¨‡g welqwU †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

GLv‡b dvB‡ji Extension ¸‡jv

Hide Av‡Q

GLv‡b dvB‡ji Extension ¸‡jv

show Kiv n‡jv

Figure Name: File extension

Create Shortcut & Process of Creating Shortcut

Riƒix gyû‡Z© cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kvb Program-†K mn‡R Ges `ªƒZ Open Ki‡Z ev Folder/File/Document-†K mn‡R Luy‡R
†c‡ZB mvaviYZ H Program-Gi ev H Folder/File/Document-Gi GKwU Shortcut Icon e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î
Shortcut Icon-wU mvaviYZ Desktop-G _v‡K| Original/Permanent Locaton-G bv †h‡q Riƒix gyû‡Z© `ªƒZ Ges Lye
mn‡RB Desktop-w¯’Z H Program ev H Folder/File/Document-Gi Shortcut Icon-G K¬xK K‡i H Program ev H
Folder/File/Document-‡K K¨envi Kiv hvq|
wb‡P Shortcut ‰Zixi Process ¸wj †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

G‡¶‡Î Start Menu Programs ‡h Program-Gi Shortcut Icon ˆZix Ki‡Z PvB †mB Program-Gi Link Icon-G
Mouse Button-Gi Right Click Send To Desktop (create shortcut) KgvÛ w`‡Z nq|

evg w`‡Ki wP‡Îi

g‡Zv KgvÛ w`‡j
Desktop-G Wvb
w`‡Ki wP‡Îi
g‡Zv Adobe
Photoshop CS-
Gi GKwU
Shortcut Icon
‰Zix n‡e|

Figure Name: Create Shortcut

c„ôv| 19
Rename of a Folder/File/Document
Windows Explorer e¨envi bv K‡i mvaviYfv‡eB
mivmwi †Kvb Folder/File/Document-Gi
Location-G †h‡q Folder/File/Document-Gi Dci
Mouse-Gi Right Button Click Rename KgvÛ
w`‡q H Folder/File/Document-‡K Rename Kiv
hvq|

Delete of a Folder/File/Document
mivmwi †Kvb Folder/File/Document-Gi
Location-G †h‡q Folder/File/Document-Gi Dci
Mouse-Gi Right Button Click Delete KgvÛ
w`‡q H Folder/File/Document-‡K Delete Kiv
hvq|
†Kvb Folder/File/Document-Gi Location-G †h‡q
Folder/File/Document-Gi Dci Mouse-Gi Left
Button w`‡q Click K‡i Select K‡i Keyboard n‡Z
Delete Key Press K‡i H Folder/File/Document-‡K Delete Kiv hvq|

Recycle Bin
‡Kvb Folder/File/Document Delete Ki‡j †mwU Recycle Bin Folder-G P‡j hvq | cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Deleted File Avevi
Restore Kiv hvq/c~‡e©i ¯’v‡b wdwi‡q Avbv hvq| Avi cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j Recycle Bin Lvwj K†i ‡djv hvq|

Restore Kiv:

‡Kvb wbw`©ó Folder/File/Document-‡K Restore Ki‡Z PvB‡j Desktop n‡Z Recycle Bin Folder-Gi Dci
Mouse-Gi Left Button-Gi Double Click Recycle Bin Folder n‡Z H wbw`©ó Folder/File/Document-Gi
Selection Restore this item KgvÛ w`‡q H Folder/File/Document-‡K Restore Kiv hvq|
Recycle Bin Folder-Gi mg¯Í Folder/File/Document-‡K Restore Ki‡Z PvB‡j Desktop n‡Z Recycle Bin
Folder-Gi Dci Mouse-Gi Left Button-Gi Double Click Restore this items KgvÛ w`‡q Recycle Bin Folder
n‡Z mg¯Í Folder/File/Document-‡K Restore Kiv hvq|
Empty Kiv:

Recycle Bin Folder n‡Z mg¯’ Folder/File/Document-‡K ¯’vqxfv‡e

Delete Kivi Rb¨ Empty Recycle Bin Option-wU Select Ki‡Z n‡e| Dc‡ii
wPÎØq †_‡K welqwU Clear n‡e|
GQvov mivmwi Recycle Bin Folder-G bv Xy‡K Desktop-Gi Recycle Bin
Icon-G Mouse-Gi Right Button Click K‡i Empty Recycle Bin Option-wU‡Z
Click Ki‡j Recycle Bin Folder-wU Empty n‡q hvq|

Uses of Pen Drive

eZ©gvb hy‡M Pen Drive eûj e¨eüZ GKwU AZ¨vaywbK Electronic Device hvi gva¨‡g †h †Kvb ai‡bi Z_¨ `xN©w`b hver
AwZ mn‡R Store K‡i ivLv hvq| ZvQvov Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î Gi f~wgKv A‡bK| Gi Z_¨ aviY ¶gZvi e¨vcKZv,
mn‡R e¨envi Kivi myweav, mn‡R bó bv nIqvi cÖeYZv BZ¨vw` ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y GwU mK‡ji Kv‡QB Lye `ªƒZ RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡i‡Q| ZvB wejyßcÖvq Floppy Disk-Gi ¯’vb GwU ¯^‡MŠi‡e `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q| ïay ZvB bq DbœZ we‡k¦ GwU A‡bK †¶‡ÎB
AvR Hard Disk-Gi weKí wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q|

wb‡b¥ Hard Disk †_‡K Pen Drive-G wKfv‡e Data Backup wb‡Z nq Z_v Copy/Cut/Move/Paste
Ki‡Z nq Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
cÖ_‡g Pen Drive-wU Mother Board-Gi USB Port-G jvMv‡Z nq|
Total Computer System-wU hLb Pen Drive-‡K Diagnosis K‡i ZLb
Taskbar-Gi Wvbw`‡K wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU Pen Drive Icon Show
K‡i|

c„ôv| 20
 Gi ci Desktop-Gi My Computer Icon-Gi Dci
Left Mouse Button-Gi Double Click Ki‡j My Computer
Dialog Box-G bZzb GKwU Drive Show K‡i hv Av‡M wQj bv|
bZzb GB Drive-wUB Pen Drive| wb‡Pi wP‡Î Central ICT bv‡g
GKwU Pen Drive Show Ki‡Q|
GLb Hard Disk-Gi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRbxq Data-‡K Pen
Drive-G Backup wn‡m‡e ivL‡Z PvB‡j H Data-i Dci Mouse
Button-Gi Right Click K‡i Send To Option Use K‡i Pen
Drive-Gi Icon-G Click Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j H DataPen
Drive-G Copy n‡q hv‡e|

Avevi mvaviY‡¶‡Î †hgb Computer-G KvR Kivi

mgq Desktop-G _vKv †Kvb File/Folder/Document A_ev
Ab¨ †h †Kvb Drive-G Ae¯’vbK…Z †Kvb Folder w¯’Z
File/Folder/Document-‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi
Rb¨ Copy/Cut/Move/Paste KgvÛ e¨eüZ nq wVK
GKBiKg fv‡e Pen Drive n‡Z Hard Disk-G ev Hard Disk
n‡Z Pen Drive-G Data-†K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kivi Rb¨
Copy/Cut/Move/Paste KgvÛ e¨eüZ nq|

wb‡¤œ Pen Drive †_‡K Hard Disk-G wKfv‡e

Data Backup wb‡Z nq Z_v Copy/Cut/Move/Paste Ki‡Z
nq Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:

>> G‡¶‡Î Pen Drive-wU Open K‡i †h

File/Folder/Document-wU Backup †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb †mB
Data-‡K Copy/Cut/Move/Paste Kivi ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gB
Figure Name: Uses of Pen Drive
Hard Disk-Gi wbw`©ó Location-G Backup †bIqv nq|

Removing Pen Drive

Pen Drive-wU‡K Mother Board-Gi USB Port-†_‡K Remove
Kivi wbw`©ó wbqg Av‡Q| GB wbq‡gi e¨Zq NU‡j A_©vr †Rvi K‡i
Uvb w`‡q Ly‡j †dj‡j GwUi bó n‡q hvIqvi mg~n m¤¢vebv Av‡Q|
Pen Drive-wU wKfv‡e Remove Ki‡Z nq Zv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
Figure Name: Removing Pen Drive Step-1
Step By Step †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

Removing Pen Drive Step-2 Removing Pen Drive Step-3 Removing Pen Drive Step-4

“Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.”

- Steve Jobs

c„ôv| 21
B›Uvi‡bU wK?
mnR fvlvq B›Uvi‡bU n‡jv GK we‡kl ai‡bi †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, hv wek¦e¨vcx Kw¤cDUvi ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb
Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv| kvwãKfv‡e B›Uvi‡bU n‡”Q B›Uvi‡bUIqvK© (inter network) Gi msw¶ß iƒc| GUv we‡kl †MUI‡q
ev ivDUv‡ii gva¨‡g Kw¤cDUvi †bUIqvK©¸‡jv‡K G‡K-Ac‡ii mv‡_ ms‡hvM Kivi gva¨‡g MwVZ nq| AvaywbK †hvMv‡hvM
e¨e¯’vi GK Awbevh© e¨e¯’v n‡”Q B›Uvi‡bU| B›Uvi‡bU‡K A‡b‡KB †bU e‡j _v‡K|
B›Uvi‡bU w`‡q wK wK Kiv hvq?
aiæb Avcbvi b¨vkbvj AvBwW KvW©wU evwo‡Z †i‡L G‡m‡Qb| †h †Kv‡bv Kv‡R GLb GUv Avcbvi LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| evwo †_‡K
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e †mUv AvbvI m¤¢e bq| GLb wK Ki‡eb? Avcbv‡K GB †Ubkb †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z Av‡Q B›Uvi‡bU| gvÎ 5-10
wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B Avcwb AvBwW Kv‡W©i d‡UvKwc nv‡Z †c‡q hv‡eb| wKfv‡e? evwo‡Z †dvb K‡i e‡j w`b †gvevBj †dvb w`‡q
AvBwW Kv‡W©i Qwe Zz‡j QwewU Avcbvi B-‡gBj G‡Wª‡m cvwV‡q w`‡Z| †hUv Ki‡Z Kw¤cDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB, †gvevB‡jB
m¤¢e| e¨vm! Gevi †gB‡j cvVv‡bv QwewU WvDb‡jvW w`‡q †`vKvb †_‡K wcÖ›U w`‡jB †c‡q hv‡eb Avcbvi Kvw•LZ b¨vkbvj
AvBwW Kv‡W©i d‡UvKwc| Avcbvi †Kv‡bv GKwU GKwU Z_¨, NUbv ev BwZnvm m¤c‡K© Rvbv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb? GLbB P‡j hvb
¸Mj mv‡P©| Kvw•LZ Z_¨, NUbv ev BwZnv‡mi KxIqvW© ev bvg wj‡L mvP© Kiæb| we¯ÍvwiZ mKj Z_¨ †c‡q hv‡eb gyû‡Z©B|
GiKg AmsL¨ wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡R Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e B›Uvi‡bU| we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ N‡U hvIqv NUbv
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Avcbv‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡e B›Uvi‡bU|
weÁvb I cÖhyw³i RqhvÎv Gfv‡eB B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wek¦‡K Avcbvi nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq G‡b w`‡q‡Q| B›Uvi‡bU w`‡q wK wK
Kiv hvq Zvi mywbw`©ó ZvwjKv KivUv Avm‡jB KwVb| Gi ‡P‡q eis B›Uvi‡bU w`‡q wK Kiv hvq bv Zvi ZvwjKv KivUvB mnR
n‡e| hvB †nvK, B›Uvi‡bU w`‡q wK Kiv hvq Avi wK Kiv hvq bv, Zvi wn‡me †i‡L eis Pjyb Avgiv B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii
†KŠkj Ges G‡Kev‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq I mnR K‡qKwU e¨envi †R‡b †bB|
B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRvi: †Kv‡bv eB †LvuR Ki‡Z †hgb Avgiv cvVvMv‡i hvB, †Zgwb B›Uvi‡b‡U wKQz †LvuR Ki‡Z n‡jI cvVvMv‡ii
gZ gva¨g ev mdUIq¨vi Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m¸‡jv‡KB g~jZ B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRvi e‡j| †ek K‡qKwU B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRvi
i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RbwcÖq I eûj e¨eüZ K‡qKwU n‡jv-
Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox
Opera
UC Browser
Internet Explorer
Safari

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq I mnR K‡qKwU e¨envi:

1| B-‡gBj
B-‡gBj gv‡b B‡jKUªwbK †gBj| GUv‡K GbvjM wPwVc‡Îi wWwRUvj fvm©bI ejv P‡j| Z‡e wPwVc‡Îi gva¨‡g ïay KvM‡R
wjwLZ Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Avi B-‡gB‡ji gva¨‡g Z_¨(‡U•U), Qwe(B‡gR), AwWI I wfwWI Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi
cvkvcvwk msi¶YI Kiv hvq| GQvov †dmeyK, UzBUvi, BDwUDemn mKj mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g AvBwW †Lvjvmn AmsL¨
Kv‡R B-‡gB‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq| B-‡gB‡ji Rb¨ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq n‡”Q ¸Mj †gBj, hv‡K ms‡¶‡c gmail e‡j| gmail Gi
c‡iB †gvUv‡gvwU RbwcÖq wn‡m‡e Av‡Q yahoomail, hotmail BZ¨vw`|

†hfv‡e GKwU B-‡gBj GKvD›U Lyj‡eb:

†h‡nZz eZ©gv‡b B-‡gB‡ji Rb¨ me‡P‡q
†ewk myweav m¤^wjZ I RbwcÖq n‡”Q ¸Mj
†gBj ev gmail, †m‡nZz Avgiv gmail G
wKfv‡e B-‡gBj Lyj‡Z nq †mUvB
†`L‡ev|
cÖ_‡gB †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU B›Uvi‡bU
eªvDRv‡i(Google Crome, Mozilla
Firefox, Opera, etc.) wM‡q G‡Wªmev‡i
gmail.com wjLyb| Gevi Enter evUb
†P‡c †mUv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiæb| GKwU
†cBR I‡cb n‡e, hvi wb‡Pi w`‡K
create account bv‡g GKwU Acmb
_vK‡e| (cv‡ki Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

c„ôv| 21
Gevi create account Acm‡b wK¬K Kiæb| Av‡iKwU †cBR
I‡cb n‡e, †mLv‡b Avcbvi bvg, BDRvi †bg, cvmIqvW©,
ev_©‡W, †RÛvi, †gvevBj bv¤^vi(‡hUv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gmail G
e¨eüZ nqwb) w`‡Z n‡e, cvkvcvwk Your current email
address Acm‡b Avcbvi ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv Av‡M †_‡KB †Lvjv
GKwU Pjgvb B-‡gBj G‡Wªm w`‡Z n‡e|
GLv‡b me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡”Q Choose your username
AcmbwU| GLv‡b hv wjL‡eb †mUvB n‡e g~jZ Avcbvi
Kvw•LZ B-‡gBj AvBwW ev G‡Wªm ev wVKvbv| mvaviYZ mevB
wb‡Ri bvg w`‡qB B-‡gBj AvBwW Lyj‡Z Pvq| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î
B‡”QgZ bvg †`qvi my‡hvM †bB| Kvib GK bv‡g `yBwU gmail
†Lvjv hvq bv| aiæb Avcbvi bvg hw` muntasir alam nq,
Zvn‡j Avcwb Aek¨B GB bv‡gB gmail GKvD›U Lyj‡Z
PvB‡eb| wKš‘ GB bvgUv wbðqB c„w_ex‡Z Avcbvi GKvi bq|
gybZvwmi bv‡gi Ab¨ †KD wbðqB Av‡MB GB bv‡g B-‡gBj Ly‡j ivL‡Z cv‡i| ZvB bvg Av‡M c‡i K‡i wKsev
bv‡gi †k‡l ev Av‡M wewfbœ msL¨v ev eY© hy³ K‡i Avcbv‡K BDRvi †bg w`‡Z n‡e| †hUv Ab¨ Kv‡ivUvi mv‡_
wgj‡e bv|
Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q BDRvi‡bg ïay muntasiralam †`qv‡Z jvj Kvwj‡Z ej‡Q
That username is taken. Try another. A_©vr GB BDRvi‡bgwU Aj‡iwW †bqv
n‡q‡Q, Ab¨Uv UªvB Kiæb| cieZ©x‡Z muntasiralam2017 †`qvi ci Avi jvj
Kvwji †mB wjLv Avm‡Qbv| A_©vr GB BDRvi‡bgwU Lvwj Av‡Q, Avcwb wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
GLv‡b j¶Yxq welq n‡”Q Dc‡ii Name Gi mv‡_ †h username wgj‡ZB n‡e Ggb
†Kv‡bv K_v †bB| Name Acm‡b gybZvwmi Avjg w`‡q Avcbvi B‡”QgZ username
w`‡Z cvi‡eb| me Ni c~iY Kiv n‡q †M‡j mevi wb‡P Wvbcv‡k Next step Acm‡b
wK¬K Kiæb|
Next step G wK¬K Ki‡j ¸M‡ji wKQz bxwZgvjv Avm‡e (bvI Avm‡Z cv‡i), †mLv‡b
Agree †Z wK¬K Ki‡eb| Gevi Av‡iKwU †cBR I‡cb n‡e| †mLv‡b Avcbvi †`qv
†gvevBj bv¤^viwU †fwidvB Ki‡Z ej‡e| †fwidvB‡qi wm‡÷g `ywU, GKwU n‡jv
†g‡m‡R †KvW cvVv‡bv Av‡iKwU f‡qm K‡ji gva¨‡g| †mLv‡b Text message
Acmb wm‡j± K‡i Continue †Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Gevi Avcbvi †gvevBj bv¤^v‡i
¸Mj †_‡K GKwU †fwiwd‡Kkb †KvW Avm‡e| I‡cb nIqv bZzb †c‡R †fwiwd‡Kkb †KvWwU w`‡q Continue †Z
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

Avcbvi gmail GKvD›UwU cÖvq †Lvjv

n‡q †M‡Q| Gevi ¸Mj Avcbv‡K
welcome Rvwb‡q ej‡e Avcbvi
B-‡gBj/ wR‡gBj G‡Wªm n‡”Q
[email protected] |
A_©vr Avcwb †hB BDRvi‡bg w`‡eb Zvi
mv‡_ @gmail.com hy³ Ki‡j hv n‡e
†mUvB Avcbvi B-‡gBj G‡Wªm|

c„ôv| 22
Gevi continue to Gmail G wK¬K Kiæb| GKwU bZzb †cR I‡cb n‡e, †c‡Ri gvSLv‡b gmail Gi wdPvi
ev myweav m¤^wjZ GKwU e· †kv Ki‡e| B‡”Q Ki‡j e·wU‡K †K‡UI w`‡Z cv‡ib, Avevi Next G wK¬K
K‡i K‡i we¯ÍvwiZ †R‡bI wb‡Z cv‡ib| e¨vm, B›Uvi‡b‡U AmsL¨ †mev w`‡Z Avcbvi B-‡gBj GKvD›UwU
GLb m¤c~Y©iæ‡c cÖ¯‘Z|

Avgiv GZ¶Y ¸Mj †gB‡j A_©vr gmail G B-‡gBj GKvD›U †Lvjvi c×wZ Rvbjvg| yahoo Ges hotmail G
GKvD›U †LvjvI cÖvq GKB iKg| gmail Gi †¶‡Î †hgb gmail.com G wM‡q create account G †h‡Z nq,
†Zgwb yahoo Gi †¶‡Î yahoomail.com A_ev ymail.com I hotmail Gi †¶‡Î hotmail.com G wM‡q
create account Acm‡b wK¬K K‡i GKB c×wZ‡Z GKvD›U †Lvjv hv‡e| gmail Gi †¶‡Î †hgb B-‡gBj
G‡Wª‡mi †k‡l @gmail.com _v‡K, †Zgwb yahoo Gi †¶‡Î @yahoo.com I hotmail Gi †¶‡Î B-‡gBj
G‡Wª‡mi †k‡l @hotmail.com _vK‡e|
B-‡gBj wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡eb?
B-‡gB‡ji e¨envi LyeB mnR| gmail, yahoo ev hotmail Avcbvi
B-‡gBjwU †hLvb †_‡KB †Lvjv †nvK bv †K‡bv, me¸‡jvi e¨enviwewa GKB
iKg| Avmyb Avgiv mnRfv‡e B-‡gB‡ji e¨envi †R‡b †bB|
B-‡gBj w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi B-‡gBjwU sign in
Ki‡Z n‡e, A_©vr B-‡gBjwU‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e| †h‡nZz Avgiv gmail G
GKvD›U Ly‡jwQ †m‡nZz †mB Av‡Mi gZB cÖ_‡g G‡Wªmev‡i gmail.com wj‡L
Enter †P‡c †mUv‡Z XzK‡Z n‡e| Av‡Mi gZB GKwU †cBR I‡cb n‡e| Z‡e
Gevi Create account G bv wM‡q Enter your email wjLv Lvwj NiwU‡Z
Avcbvi †gBj G‡WªmwU(‡hgb: [email protected]) wj‡L
Next G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| (Wvb w`‡Ki Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)
Gici AvBwW †Lvjvi mgq †hB cvmIqvW© w`‡qwQ‡jb †mB cvmIqvW©wU password wjLv Lvwj N‡i w`‡q Sign in G
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨vm, Avcwb Xz‡K †M‡jb Avcbvi B-‡gB‡j| Gevi Avcwb †h Kv‡iv mv‡_ †h †Kv‡bv
Z_¨(‡U·U), Qwe(B‡gR), AwWI, wfwWI mn‡RB Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e kZ© n‡jv, hvi mv‡_ Av`vb
cÖ`vb Ki‡eb, Aek¨B ZviI GKwU B-‡gBj G‡Wªm _vK‡Z n‡e|

mvBb Bb K‡i Avcbvi B-‡gB‡j XzK‡j memgqB GB †cBRwU I‡cb n‡e(Dc‡ii Qwe)| GUvB gyjZ Avcbvi
B-‡gB‡ji †nvg †cBR| †KD Avcbv‡K B-‡gBj cvVv‡j A_©vr Avcbvi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv B-‡gBj Avm‡j Avcbvi jvj
e‡Y©i Inbox AcmbwUi cv‡k eª¨v‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ KZwU bZzb B-‡gBj G‡m‡Q †mB msL¨v _vK‡e| Avi cv‡kB j¤^v
K‡i †cÖi‡Ki bvg, welq I mgqmn B-‡gBj¸‡jv †`Lv‡e| †hgb Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q, Inbox Gi cv‡k
eªv‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ msL¨v 1 †jLv Av‡Q| A_©vr Avgvi 1wU bZzb B-‡gBj G‡m‡Q| †hUv GL‡bv Avwg †`wLwb| cv‡kB
†cÖi‡Ki bvg, welq I mgqmn †gBjwU †`Lv hv‡”Q| GLv‡b †cÖi‡Ki bvg †`Lv‡”Q Andy from Google, A_©vr
¸M‡ji c¶ †_‡K GwÛ bvgK e¨vw³(¸M‡j Kg©iZ) Avgv‡K B-‡gBjwU cvwV‡q‡Qb| Zvi Wvb cv‡k †`Lv hv‡”Q
B-‡gB‡ji welqwU| welqwU n‡”Q bZzb ¸Mj GKvD›U †Lvjvq ab¨ev` Ávcb| G‡Kev‡i Wvbcv‡k B-‡gBjwU KLb
G‡m‡Q †mB mgq †`Lv‡”Q|
c„ôv| 23
GLb Avwg B-‡gBjwUi Dci wK¬K Ki‡jB we¯ÍvwiZ me †`L‡Z cv‡ev Ges Inbox Gi cv‡ki 1 msL¨vwUI
P‡j hv‡e| †h‡nZz B-‡gBjwU Avwg †`‡L †d‡jwQ|
Gevi Avgiv Rvb‡ev wK K‡i B-‡gBj cvVv‡Z nq| Avcwb PvB‡j ïay †jLv (‡U·U) †gB‡ji wfZi wj‡L
cvVv‡Z cv‡ib; Avevi gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W© wj‡L dvBj AvKv‡iI †jLv cvVv‡Z cv‡ib; Avevi †jLv ev
†jLvi dvBj, Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI me GKm‡½I cvVv‡Z cv‡ib; Avevi me¸‡jv Avjv`v Avjv`vI cvVv‡Z
cv‡ib| B-‡gBj cvVv‡Z cÖ_‡gB Avcbv‡K †nvg‡c‡Ri Dc‡i evgcv‡k Compose Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z
n‡e| (wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

New Message bv‡gi GB e·Uv‡KB g‡b Kiæb wPwVi

Lvg| B-‡gB‡j hv wKQz cvVv‡eb mewKQz GLv‡bB mshy³
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡gB To Gi mvg‡b cÖvcK A_©vr hvi
Kv‡Q †gBj cvVv‡eb Zvi B-‡gBj G‡Wªm wjL‡Z n‡e|
Avcwb PvB‡j AmsL¨ e¨w³i Kv‡Q GKB m‡½ †gBj
cvVv‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki B-‡gBj
G‡Wªm GLv‡b Kgv w`‡q w`‡q wjL‡Z n‡e| Gici wb‡Pi
Subject Gi hvqMvq B-‡gB‡ji welq wjL‡Z n‡e(bv
wjL‡jI mgm¨v †bB)| Subject Gi wb‡Pi eo Lvwj
NiwU‡KB g‡b Kiæb Avcbvi wPwVi Lvwj KvMR| Avcwb
hw` †jLv(‡U·U) gvB‡µvmdU IqvW© dvBj AvKv‡i bv
cvwV‡q mivmwi †gB‡j wj‡L cvVv‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j GB
N‡iB mewKQz wjL‡Z n‡e| GLv‡bi †jLv‡K Avcwb
wewfbœ Kvjvi I ÷vBjI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GRb¨
Avcbv‡K e‡·i wb‡Pi w`‡K A AvBKbwU‡K e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov Qwe dvBj AvKv‡i bv w`‡q GLv‡b
†jLvi g‡a¨ mivmwi BbmvU© K‡iI w`‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨
Avcbv‡K e‡·i wb‡Pi w`‡K K¨v‡givi gZ AvBKbwU‡Z
wK¬K K‡i Qwe Avc‡jvW K‡i BbmvU© Ki‡Z n‡e| (cv‡ki Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)
Gevi Rvb‡ev wKfv‡e †jLvi dvBj ev Qwe, AwWI, wfwWIi dvBj
wPwVi m‡½ A_©vr †gB‡ji m‡½ GW Ki‡ev| †h‡Kv‡bv dvBj
Avc‡jvW Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K e‡·i wb‡Pi w`‡Ki wK¬‡ci gZ
BbmvU© dvBj AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici Kw¤cDUv‡i †mf
K‡i ivLv †h‡Kv‡bv †jLvi dvBj, Qwe-wfwWI-AwWIi dvBj
Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e kZ© n‡jv 25 Ggwe(‡gMvevBU) Gi
†ewk dvBj GLv‡b Avc‡jvW Kiv hv‡e bv| Aek¨ ¸Mj WªvB‡fi
gva¨‡g 25 Ggwei †ewk mvB‡Ri dvBjI B-‡gB‡j †kqvi Kiv
hvq| †jLv, Qwe ev AwWI wfwWI Avc‡jvW Kiv n‡j e·wUi wb‡Pi
w`‡K dvBj AvKv‡i GW n‡e| cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQz †`qv n‡q †M‡j
wPwV e·wUi wb‡P me©ev‡gi Send evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡jB B-‡gBjwU
cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q P‡j hv‡e| Gfv‡eB gyjZ B-‡gB‡ji gva¨‡g
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨vw` Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv nq| evgcv‡k Inbox
Acm‡bi wb‡P Sent mail Acm‡b †M‡j GB B-‡gBj †_‡K †m›U
Kiv mKj †gBj GKm‡½ cvIqv hv‡e|
c„ôv| 24
wK K‡i B-‡gB‡j Z_¨vw` msi¶Y Kiv hvq?
B-‡gB‡ji Av‡iKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© †mev n‡”Q, GLv‡b Avcwb B‡”Q Ki‡j m‡e©v”P
15wRwe(wMMvevBU) ch©šÍ wewfbœ WvUv(‡jLv,Qwe,AwWI,wfwWI BZ¨vw`) msi¶Y
A_©vr Rgv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A‡bKUv †g‡gvwii gZ| †gvevBj ev Kw¤cDUvi
†g‡gvwi‡Z †Kv‡bv Z_¨vw` Rgv ivL‡j †mUv bó nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| †hgb
Avcbvi †gvevBj ev Kw¤cDUviwU cy‡o †M‡j wKsev Pzwi n‡q †M‡j Avcbvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨¸‡jvI nvwi‡q hv‡e| wKš‘ Avcbvi †gB‡j msi¶Y Kiv Z_¨
KL‡bvB bó wKsev nvwi‡q hvevi fq _v‡K bv| GQvov A‡bK wm‡µU Z_¨I
Avcwb GLv‡b msi¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hUv †gvevBj wKsev Kw¤cDUv‡i ivLvUv
Awbivc`|
Z_¨vw` msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K †h‡Z n‡e B-‡gB‡ji Drive Acm‡b|
B-‡gB‡j mvBb Bb K‡i †XvKvi ci Dc‡i Wvbcv‡k Pvi‡Kvbv N‡ii gZ
AcmbwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j A‡bK¸‡jv AvBKb †kv Ki‡e| †mLv‡bB cvIqv hv‡e
Drive bvgK AcmbwU| (Wvb w`‡Ki Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

Gevi Drive G wK¬K K‡i ¸Mj WªvB‡f cÖ‡ek

Kiæb| Avjv`v GKwU U¨v‡e ¸Mj WªvBf I‡cb
n‡e| Gevi B‡”QgZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨vw` †mLv‡b Avc‡jvW Kiæb| Avc‡jvW Kiv
LyeB mnR| Dc‡i evg cv‡k New Acm‡b wK¬K Kiæb| wK¬K Ki‡jB
A‡bK¸‡jv Acmb cv‡eb| †hgb Folder, File upload, Folder upload
BZ¨vw`|
GLv‡bi FolderAcm‡b wK¬K K‡i Avcwb bZzb †dvìvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
File upload GwK¬K K‡i GLv‡b hv msi¶Y Ki‡Z Pvb Zv Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| Avevi Z_¨vw`(‡jLv, Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI BZ¨vw`) †dvìvi AvKv‡i
Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z PvB‡j Avcwb Folder upload Acm‡bi gva¨‡g ZvI cvi‡eb|

me‡k‡l †R‡b †bB B-‡gBj wKfv‡e mvBb AvDU Ki‡eb, A_©vr

wKfv‡e B-‡gBj †_‡K †ei n‡eb| †nvg‡c‡Ri Dc‡ii w`‡K
me©Wv‡b Avcbvi bv‡gi A`¨v¶‡ii GKwU †MvjvKvi AvBKb
†`L‡Z cv‡eb| Avcbvi bv‡gi GB A¶iwUi ¯’v‡b Avcwb
Avcbvi QweI w`‡Z cvi‡eb| GUv‡Z wK¬K Ki‡jB Qwe †`qvi
Acmb cv‡eb| Avi GUv‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j †h †QvU DBb‡WvwU
I‡cb n‡e, †mUvi wb‡P Wvbcv‡k Sign out AcmbwUI cv‡eb|
Sign out G wK¬K Ki‡jB Avcwb B-‡gBj †_‡K †ewi‡q hv‡eb|

cieZ©x‡Z Avevi B-‡gBj e¨envi Ki‡Z PvB‡j B-‡gBj G‡Wªm

I cvmIqvW© w`‡q cybivq Avcbv‡K Sign in K‡i B-‡gB‡j cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z n‡e| †Zv GLbB Ly‡j †djyb GKwU B-‡gBj| ïiæ K‡i
w`b wWwRUvj wPwVi Av`vb cÖ`vb|
GKwU ¸Mj GKvD›U A_©vr wR‡gBj †_‡K wK wK myweav cvIqv hvq?
> †h †Kv‡bv Z_¨(‡hgb- †U·U, Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI, WKz‡g›U BZ¨vw`) Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
> BDwUDe I ¸Mj cøv‡m GKvD›U Lyj‡Z n‡j Avcbvi Aek¨B GKwU
wR‡gBj GKvD›U _vK‡Z n‡e| KviY BDwUDe I ¸Mjcøvm ¸M‡ji †cÖvWv±
nIqvq Bqvû ev Ab¨‡Kv‡bv †gBj Øviv G¸‡jv‡Z GKvD›U †Lvjv m¤¢e bq|
> †dmeyK, UzBUvi, BÝUvMÖvgmn Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM
gva¨‡g GKvD›U Lyj‡Z wR‡gBj(ev †h‡Kv‡bv †gBj) Gi cÖ‡qvRb
nq|
> †h †Kv‡bv eø‡M(‡hgb mvg‡nvqviBb eøM, Uz‡WeøM, gy³gbv,
BZ¨vw`) AvBwW Lyj‡Z wR‡gBj(‡h‡Kv‡bv †gBj) Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
> GKwU wR‡gBj GKvD›U †_‡K GKvwaK cv‡m©vbvj wd« eøM mvBU ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
> ¸Mj WªvB‡f 15wRwe ch©šÍ WvUv msi¶Y Kiv hvq| ¸Mj W‡K wewfbœ WKz‡g›U ˆZwi I
msi¶Y Kiv hvq|

c„ôv| 25
2| ¸Mj mvP© (Google search)
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Av‡iKwU AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †mev n‡”Q †h‡Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mvP© Kiv ev †LvuR
Kiv| Avcbvi †Kv‡bv GKwU Z_¨ Rvbv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb? wKš‘ eB ev †Kv‡bv wKQz‡ZB Z_¨wU Lyu‡R cv‡”Qb
bv? GLbB ¸Mj mv‡P© P‡j hvb| Kvw•LZ Z‡_¨i KxIqvW©wU wj‡L mvP© Kiæb| B›Uvi‡b‡U Avcbvi Kvw•LZ
welqwU wb‡q hZ Z_¨ i‡q‡Q, cÖvq me¸‡jvB P‡j Avm‡e gyû‡Z©i g‡a¨B|
AevK n‡”Qb? ûg AevK Kivi gZB| Z‡e GB Z_¨¸‡jv †h ¸Mj wbR †_‡K wj‡L w`‡q‡Q Zv wKš‘ bq|
G¸‡jv Avm‡j B›Uvi‡b‡U Avcbvi Avgvi Ges wek¦e¨vcx mKj gvby‡li †`qv Z_¨B| ¸Mj †Kej
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui AMwbZ ARmª Z_¨fvÛvi †_‡K Avcbvi Kvw•LZ wel‡qi me¸‡jv Z_¨ †LvuR K‡i GKmv‡_
Avcbvi mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| GUvI ev Kg wK‡m?
B›Uvi‡b‡U GB mvP© Kivi KvR †h †Kej ¸MjB K‡i, Zv wKš‘ bq| Bqvû, wes, wccxwjKv, evBWz, PiKxmn
B›Uvi‡b‡U Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv mvP© BwÄb Av‡Q| Z‡e ¸Mj mvP© ev ¸Mj AbymÜvb n‡”Q B›Uvi‡bU `ywbqvi
me©e„nr mvP© BwÄb| we‡k¦i hveZxq Z_¨ myweb¨¯Í Kiv Ges †m¸‡jv me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i cÖKvk
KivB n‡jv ¸M‡ji j¶¨| ¸Mj cÖwZw`b Zvi wewfbœ †mevi gva¨‡g cÖvq 300 †KvwU AbymÜv‡bi Aby‡iva
MÖnb K‡i| A_©vr mvivwe‡k¦i gvbyl ¸M‡j cÖwZw`b cÖvq 300 †KvwU evi wewfbœ Z‡_¨i †LvuR K‡i _v‡K|
GB msL¨vB e‡j †`q ¸Mj mvP© KZUv cÖ‡qvRbxq I RbwcÖq|
wKfv‡e ¸Mj mv‡P© Z_¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡eb?
`ywbqvi K‡qKwU mnR Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q ¸Mj
mv‡P© Z_¨ AbymÜvb Kiv| whwb mvgvb¨ cwigv‡b
Kw¤cDUvi Pvjbv I B›Uvi‡bU eªvDwRs cv‡ib, wZwbB
cvi‡eb ¸Mj mv‡P© Z_¨ mvP© Ki‡Z|
cÖ_‡gB Avcbv‡K B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRv‡ii G‡Wªmev‡i
google.com wj‡L Enter †P‡c cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e|
aiæb Avcwb mvP©e‡· Ôbvix wbh©vZbÕ wj‡L mvP©
w`‡jb| ZLb bvix wbh©vZb m¤cwK©Z B›Uvi‡b‡U hZ
Lei, AvwU©K¨vj, wfwWI, Qwe Av‡Q mewKQz GKmv‡_ Avcbvi mvg‡b P‡j Avm‡e|
Z‡e Qwe I B‡gR †`L‡Z n‡j image I video Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| (wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q bvix wbh©vZb wj‡L ¸M‡j mvP© Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvP© Ki‡j cÖ_‡gB mewKQz GK‡Î
Avm‡e we‡kl K‡i mvP©K…Z wel‡qi mKj wbDR AvwU©K¨vjmg~‡ni wk‡ivbvg¸‡jv †`Lv‡e|
wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv †Mvj wPwýZ Image Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡j mvP©K…Z wel‡qi Qwemg~n †`Lv‡e, Avevi Video
Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡j mvP©K…Z wel‡qi wfwWImg~n cvIqv hv‡e, Ggwbfv‡e News Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡j mvP©K…Z
wel‡qi mKj wbDR mg~n †`Lv‡e|
Maps AcmbwU cÖ‡qvRb co‡e hLb Avcwb †Kv‡bv ¯’vb ev cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wj‡L mvP© Ki‡eb ZLb| GB
g¨v‡ci gva¨‡g Avcwb mvP©K…Z ¯’vb Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Ae¯’vb ¸Mj g¨v‡ci gva¨‡g wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv| 26
mvP© Uzj (Search Tools) Gi e¨envi:
Search Tools ¸Mj mv‡P©i GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Acmb| GB Uzjm Avcbv‡K wbw`©ó mg‡qi Ges wbw`©ó †`‡ki Z_¨
†LvuR Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| GgbwK B‡gR mv‡P©i †¶‡Î GB UzjmwU Avcbv‡K wbw`©ó is‡qi, wbw`©ó mvB‡Ri B‡gR
LyuR‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| Search Tools AcmbwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j Zvi wbP w`‡q Av‡iv K‡qKwU Acmb I‡cb n‡e|
GLvb †_‡K Avcwb Any country Acm‡b wK¬K K‡i evsjv‡`k Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡j ïay evsjv‡`‡ki Z_¨¸‡jvB
Avm‡e (GB AcmbwU †Kej google.com.bd †ZB †kv Ki‡e), Avevi Any time Acm‡b wK¬K K‡i Avcwb weMZ
GK N›Uv ev 24 N›Uv ev weMZ GK mßvn ev gvm ev eQi Acmb evQvB K‡i †mB mgqKvi Z_¨ †LvuR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Gevi ejyb ¸Mj mv‡P©i †P‡q mnR Ges DcKvix e¨cvi Avi KqUv Av‡Q `ywbqvq? Z‡e n¨vu, AwZ mn‡R AwR©Z dj
wKš‘ memgq wgó nqbv| ¸Mj mv‡P©i †ejvqI †mUvB N‡U| †hgb, Avcwb hw` ÔevsjvÕ wj‡L mvP© †`b, Zvn‡j evsjv,
evsjv‡`k, evsjv fvlv, BZ¨vw` evsjv m¤cwK©Z me Z_¨ P‡j Avm‡e| wKš‘ Avcwb Pv‡”Qb ïay ÔevsjvÕ wel‡q wbw`©ó
Z_¨ †c‡Z, Zvn‡j wK Ki‡eb? ûg, †mUvI cvi‡eb| GRb¨ Avcbv‡K DׄwZ wPý w`‡q kãwU wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
ÒevsjvÓ| GQvovI ¸Mj mv‡P© wbw`©ó Z_¨ †c‡Z Avcbv‡K Av‡iv wKQz †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| Avmyb †mB mnR
†KŠkj¸‡jv †R‡b †bB|
¸Mj mv‡P© wbw`©ó I wbLyuZ Z_¨ cvIqvi †KŠkj:
> †Kvb Uwc· Gi wk‡ivbvg w`‡q Z_¨ LyR‡Z PvB‡j DׄwZ wPý w`‡q LyR‡j Kvw•LZ Z_¨ cvIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o
hvq| †hgb- evsjvq eB LyuR‡Z PvB‡j ÒeBÓ wjL‡Z n‡e Ges Bs‡iwR‡Z LyuR‡Z PvB‡j ÒBookÓ wjL‡Z n‡e|
> Avcwb hw` wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki eB LyuR‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j eB I †jL‡Ki bv‡gi gv‡S W¨vk e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hgb- Avj gvngy‡`i eB LyuR‡Z PvB‡j wjL‡Z n‡e: eB-Avj gvngy` , Bs‡iRx‡ZI GKB iKg Book-Al
Mahmud
> Abyiæc I‡qemvB‡Ui †LvuR Ki‡Z, †hgb AvBwU m¤cwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ Rvbvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU RbwcÖq
mvBU n‡”Q techtunes.com.bd, Avwg hw` GB mvB‡Ui Aby‡ivc Av‡iv mvB‡Ui mÜvb Ki‡Z PvB Zvn‡j ¸Mj
mvP©ev‡i wM‡q related wj‡L †Kvjb w`‡q mvB‡Ui bvg wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: related:techtunes.com.bd
> †Kv‡bv evsjv ev Bs‡iRx k‡ãi †Wwd‡bkb ev msÁv bv Rvb‡j ¸M‡j mvP© w`‡q Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| GRb¨ Avcbv‡K
mvP©ev‡i define wj‡L †Kvjb w`‡q Kvw•LZ evsjv ev Bs‡iRx kãwU wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: define:Aa©v½x ,
define:slave, BZ¨vw`|
> wbw`©ó GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui Z_¨ LyuR‡Z PvB‡j, A_©vr Avcwb hw` cÖ_g Av‡jv cwÎKvi QvÎjxM welqK me Lei
†c‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j mvP©ev‡i wjL‡Z n‡e: QvÎjxM site:prothom-alo.com (wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

c„ôv| 27
¸Mj B‡gR mvP© (Google image search):
¸M‡j Avm‡j Avjv`v K‡i B‡gR mv‡P©i cÖ‡qvRb
c‡obv| Kvib †U·U ev †jLv mvP© Kivi mgqB
B‡gRI mvP© n‡q hvq| Dc‡i †hUv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
Gic‡iI hw` †KD ïay B‡gR Avjv`v K‡i mvP©
Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j †mB Av‡Mi gZB google.com
G †h‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Gevi †h‡nZz Avcwb
image(Qwe) mvP© Ki‡eb †m‡nZz Avcbv‡K Av‡M
†cRwUi Dci w`‡K Wvb cv‡k image Acm‡b
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| (Wvb w`‡Ki Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

Image Acm‡b wK¬K Kivi ci †hB wel‡qi Qwe mvP© Ki‡Z Pvb mvP©e‡· †mB welqwU wj‡L Enter †P‡c mvP© Kiæb|
G‡¶‡Î †Kej mvP©K…Z wel‡qi Qwemg~nB †kv Ki‡e|

†Kv‡bv Qwei mZ¨Zv hvPvB

†dmey‡K cÖvqB GgbUv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb b„ksm KZ¸‡jv Qwe †kqvi w`‡q ejv n‡”Q AgyK hvqMvq gymjgvb wKsev
wn›`y‡`i wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| cy‡o hvIqv Qwe †kqvi w`‡q ejv n‡”Q RxešÍ cywo‡q †djv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e mZ¨
wg_¨v Qwe w`‡q gvby‡li Av‡eM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q KzPwµiv `v½v evav‡bvi †Póv K‡i| Avevi A‡b‡K †ewk jvBK
cvIqvi avÜvI K‡i| †`Lv †M‡jv Avcwb mij wek¦v‡m QwewU wek¦vm K‡i Avcbvi †dmey‡KI †kqvi w`‡q w`‡jb|
c‡i Rvbv †M‡jv QwewU fzqv| A_©vr QwewU wg_¨v ev A‡bK Av‡Mi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv NUbvi ev d‡Uvk‡c evbv‡bv| GB
weåvwšÍ †_‡K evuP‡Z Avcbv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e ¸Mj| Kvib
¸Mj mv‡P©i gva¨‡g Avcwb †h‡Kv‡bv Qwei mZ¨Zv hvQvB Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| A_©vr ¸Mj e‡j w`‡e GB QwewU K‡eKvi ev †Kvb
NUbvi ev mZ¨ bvwK wg_¨v|
GRb¨ Avcbv‡K ¸Mj B‡gR mvP©i gZ K‡iB google.com G
wM‡q image Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici mvP©ev‡ii Wvb
cv‡k K¨v‡givi gZ AcmbwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
K¨v‡givi gZ Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡j GKwU †QvU DBb‡Wv I‡cb n‡e| ILv‡b `ywU Acmb _vK‡e| (wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

GLv‡bi Paste image URL Acm‡b †mB

B‡gRwUi I‡qemvBU wjsK w`‡q Search G wK¬K
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avi hw` QwewU Avcbvi
Kw¤cDUv‡i †mf K‡i iv‡Lb Z‡e Upload an
image Acm‡b wK¬K K‡i QwewU Avc‡jvW K‡iI
mvP© Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mvP© Ki‡jB Avcwb †`L‡Z
cv‡eb Avcbvi QwewU Avm‡j KLbKvi Ges
†Kvb NUbvi|

Bookmark (eyKgvK©) Gi e¨envi:

eyKgvK© Uzjm Avcbvi B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi‡K A‡bKUvB mnR K‡i †`q| B›Uvi‡b‡U Ggb A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq mvBU
Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv‡Z Avgvi Avcbvi cÖvq wbqwgZB cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z nq| †hgb- †dmeyK, BDwUDe, DBwKwcwWqv, wewfbœ
msev`cÎ BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡Z¨KwU mvB‡U XzK‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwUi G‡Wªm A_©vr evsjv DBwKwcwWqvi †¶‡Î †hgb
www.bn.wikipedia.org wj‡L †mUv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z nq|

c„ôv| 27
Gfv‡e me¸‡jv mvB‡Ui G‡Wªm evievi wjLvUv Avm‡jB A‡bK weiw³Ki| we‡kl K‡i hviv fv‡jv UvBc cv‡ibbv,
Zv‡`i Rb¨ KvRUv †ewk weiw³Ki| GB weiw³ †_‡K Avcbv‡K evuPv‡e eyKgvK© UzjmwU| GB Uzj‡mi gva¨‡g
B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRvi¸‡jv‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv mvBU Avcwb †mf K‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| ZLb Avi Avcbv‡K cy‡iv G‡Wªm
evievi wjL‡Z n‡e bv| eyKgvK© ev‡i †mf K‡i ivLv Avcbvi Kvw•LZ mvB‡Ui †jv‡Mv‡Z wK¬K Ki‡jB †mB mvBU
I‡cb n‡q hv‡e|
eyKgvK© Kivi wm‡÷g G‡KK eªvDRv‡i G‡KK iKg| Avgiv gyjZ ¸Mj †µvg Avi gwRjv dvqvid· eªvDRv‡iB
†ewk B›Uvi‡bU eªvDR K‡i _vwK| ZvB GB `ywU‡Z wKfv‡e eyKgvK© Ki‡Z nq †mwU †`Lv‡ev|
¸Mj †µvg Ges gwRjv dvqvid‡· †Kv‡bv mvBU‡K eyKgv‡K© †mf Kiv LyeB mnR Ges cÖvq GKB iKg| cÖ_‡gB
†hB mvBUwU eyKgv‡K© †mf Ki‡eb †mB mvBUwU‡Z Avcbv‡K cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici mvBUwU I‡cb _vKv Ae¯’vq
Dc‡ii w`‡Ki ZviKv wPýwU‡K wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| (wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

ZviKv wPýwU‡K wK¬K Ki‡j GKwU †QvU DBb‡Wv I‡cb n‡e| ZLb †mUvi done Acm‡b wK¬K Ki‡jB mvBUwU
eyKgv‡K© †mf n‡q hv‡e| Gevi Avcwb ¸Mj †µvg I dvqvid‡·i eyKgvK© †gby‡Z †M‡jB †mf Kiv me mvBU GK‡Î
†`L‡Z cv‡eb| dvqvid‡·i eyKgvK© †gby †mB ZviKv wPýwUi mv‡_B _v‡K, Avi ¸Mj †µv‡gi eyKgvK© †gby _v‡K
Dc‡ii me©Wv‡bi †gby AcmbwU‡Z| Av‡iv mn‡R †mf Kiv mvBU¸‡jv †c‡Z PvB‡j eyKgvK© evi AvKv‡i Avcbvi
Kw¤cDUv‡ii eªvDRv‡i †kv K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib| wVK wb‡Pi QwewUi gZ| ZLb Avcwb †hUv‡Z XzK‡Z Pvb †mUv‡Z
wK¬K Ki‡jB †mB mvB‡U Xz‡K hv‡eb|

Gfv‡e eyKgvK© evi Ki‡Z PvB‡j ¸Mj †µv‡gi †¶‡Î eyKgvK© †gby‡Z wM‡q Show bookmarks bar Acm‡b wK¬K
Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi gwRjv dvqvid‡·i †¶‡Î eyKgvK© †gby‡Z hvIqvi ci Bookmarks Toolbar Gi Dci Kvm©i
ivL‡j †mf Kiv eyKgvK©¸‡jv m¤^wjZ Av‡iKwU DBb‡Wv I‡cb n‡e| †mUvi Dc‡ii w`‡Ki View Bookmarks
Toolbar G wK¬K Ki‡jB eyKgvK© evi ˆZwi n‡q hv‡e| (wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †`Lyb)

AvkvKwi eyKgvK© Gi e¨envi wkL‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|

†klK_v: B›Uvi‡b‡Ui AmsL¨ e¨env‡ii ga¨ †_‡K Aí K‡qKwU AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq I mnR e¨envi LyeB mnR fvlvq
Dc‡i eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gic‡iI †KD bv ey‡S _vK‡j BDwUDe I ¸M‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq welqwU wj‡L mvP© Ki‡j †mB
wel‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxq wfwWI wUD‡Uvwiqvj ‡c‡q hv‡eb| †m¸‡jv †`L‡j mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb AvkvKwi|

c„ôv| 28
 mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g
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evsjv‡`‡k GB RbwcÖq I‡qemvBU‡K A‡b‡K Av`i K‡i †dey Wv‡K| GwU‡Z m`m¨ nIqv hvq m¤c~Y© we‡b cqmvq|
e¨enviKvixMY eÜy evbv‡Z, g¨v‡mR †cÖiY Ges Zv‡`i mv‡_ wb‡Ri gZvgZ, Ae¯’vb, myL, `ytL, D”Q¡vm †kqvi Ki‡Z
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gvK© RvKvievM© nvf©vW wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbKvjxb Zvi iæg‡gU I Kw¤cDUvi weÁvb wel‡qi QvÎ GWIqv‡W©v
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cÖv_wgKfv‡e nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i g‡a¨B mxgve× wQj, wKš‘ c‡i †mUv †ev÷b kn‡ii Ab¨vb¨ K‡jR,
AvBwf jxM Ges ÷¨vb‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vjq ch©šÍ m¤cÖmvwiZ nq| Av‡iv c‡i GUv mg¯Í wek¦we`¨vjq, K‡jR, nvB ¯‹zj
Ges 13 eQi ev Z‡ZvwaK eq¯‹‡`i Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv nq| mvivwe‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b GB I‡qemvBUwU e¨envi Ki‡Qb 165
†KvwU GKwUf m`m¨|
†dmeyK hviv e¨envi K‡ib Zviv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ †cÖvdvBj‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi d‡Uv, wfwWI Ges Z_¨ Øviv wb‡Ri
B‡”QgZ mvRv‡Z cv‡ib| hviv †dmeyK e¨envi K‡ib Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †cÖvdvB‡j GKwU Iqvj ÒWallÓ Av‡Q,
†hLv‡b mevB e¨enviKvixi wjLv, Qwe ev wfwWI †`L‡Z cv‡i Ges †m wel‡q gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLb Avgiv Rvb‡ev
wKfv‡e GKwU †dmeyK GKvD›U I‡cb Ki‡Z nq| †dmey‡K GKvD›U I‡cb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRb GKwU †gBj
GKvD›U| Avcwb wR‡gBj, Bqvû, nU‡gBj,
Bqvb‡W· BZ¨vw` mvB‡U wM‡q Avcbvi wb‡Ri Rb¨
GKwU †gBj GKvD›U I‡cb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤cDUv‡ii eªvDRvi Ab Kiæb|

G‡Wªmev‡i wjLyb www.facebook.com Gici
G›Uvi Pvc w`‡jB †dmey‡Ki B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e ev
Avgiv †dmeyK I‡qemvB‡U cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡ev|

GLv‡b Dc‡i Mvp bxj iO As‡k B‡gj Ges cvmIqvW© wjLvi ¯’vb i‡q‡Q| GwU n‡jv Zv‡`i Rb¨ hv‡`i Av‡MB
GKvD›U Kiv i‡q‡Q| Zviv †mLv‡b Zv‡`i B‡gBj Ges cvmIqvW© w`‡q Zv‡`i GKvD‡›U cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Avi
hv‡`i GKvD›U †bB Zviv wb‡P eo K‡i wjLv Create an account Ack‡b hv‡eb| †mLv‡b bvg, B‡gBj G‡Wªm,
cvmIqvW©, ev_© †W BZ¨vw` Z_¨ w`‡q dg© wdjvc Ki‡eb| B‡gBj bv _vK‡j †gvevBj bv¤^vi w`‡qI †dmeyK GKvD›U
I‡cb Kiv hvq| Z‡e B‡gBj w`‡q †LvjvB DËg| GKUv welq †Lqvj ivL‡eb Avcbvi B‡gBj GKvD‡›U †`qv Z_¨
I bvg Ges †dmey‡K †`qv Z_¨ I bvg †hb GKB nq| dg© wdjvc nIqvi ci GK`g wb‡P meyR evU‡b wjLv Create
an account Ack‡b wK¬K Ki‡eb| wK¬K Kivi ci wb‡Pi B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e|

†b·U Ack‡b wK¬K K‡i GwM‡q hv‡eb| Gici Wvbw`‡Ki B›Uvi‡dm Avm‡e| GLv‡bI †b·U wK¬K K‡i GwM‡q
hv‡eb|

c„ôv| 29
Gici wb‡Pi GB B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e|

GLv‡b mevi Dc‡i Avcbvi B‡gBj G‡WªmwU †fwidvB Kivi Rb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q| Avcwb eªvDRv‡iI Av‡iKwU U¨ve Ly‡j
†mLv‡b Avcbvi B‡gBj GKvD›UwU‡Z jMBb Ki‡eb| Bbe· †PK Ki‡j †`L‡Z cv‡eb †dmeyK †_‡K Avcbv‡K
GKwU †gBj cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †mwU I‡cb Ki‡eb| †mLv‡b Kbdvg© Kivi evUb cv‡eb ev Kbdvg© Kivi wjsK
cv‡eb| †mLv‡b wK¬K Ki‡jB Avcbvi †dmeyK GKvD›UwU Kbdvg©W n‡e| Gfv‡e Avcbvi GKvD›UwU I‡cb n‡q
hv‡e| Kbdvg© nIqvi ci Home G wK¬K Ki‡j Avcbvi GKvD‡›Ui B›Uvi‡dmwU GiKg †`Lv hv‡e|

Home 1 bs w`‡q wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| mvaviYZ †nv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j Avcwb hv‡`i †d«Û ev Avcwb hv‡`i d‡jv
K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i †kqvi Kiv wjLv, d‡Uv Ges wfwWI †`L‡Z cv‡eb| wKš‘ GB Avcbvi †Kvb †d«Û bv _vKvq †nv‡g
wKQzB †`Lv‡”Q bv| 2 bs NiwU n‡jv Avcbvi wjLvi ¯’vb| Avcwb GLv‡b Avcbvi hv B‡”Q wjL‡eb hv Avcwb Ab¨‡`i
mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z Pvb| 3 bs G GKUv WªcWvDb †gby i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b wK¬K Avcwb wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Avcbvi GB
wjLvwU Avcwb Kvi Kvi mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z Pvb| Avcwb hw` ïaygvÎ Avcbvi †dey eÜy‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z Pvb
Zvn‡j †d«Ûm Ackb wK¬K Ki‡eb|
Avcwb hw` Avcbvi wjLv me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j
cvewjK Ackb wK¬K Ki‡eb| Avi Avcwb hw` g‡b Avcbvi wjLv GL‡bv
m¤c~Y© nq wb ev Avcwb GLbB Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z Pvb bv Zvn‡j Abwj wg
Ackb wK¬K Ki‡eb| Gici †cv÷ Ack‡b wK¬K Ki‡j Avcbvi wjLvwU
cvewjk n‡e| Avcwb hw` GK ev GKvwaK Qwe w`‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j 4 bs
Ackb wK¬K K‡i Avcbvi Kw¤cDUv‡i _v‡K Qwe eªvDR K‡i Qwe cvewjk
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi hw` Avcwb Pvb GKwU GKwU Qwei Gjevg ˆZix K‡i
†mLv‡b Qwe cvewjk Ki‡eb Zvn‡j 5 bs Ackb wK¬K Ki‡eb|
c„ôv| 30
6 bs Ackb Ges 7 bs Ackb n‡jv Avcbvi eÜy †hvM Kivi Ackb|
Avcwb Avcbvi eÜy‡`i bvg A_ev B‡gBj G‡Wªm w`‡q mvP© K‡i
Avcbvi Kvw•¶Z eÜy‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKwU e¯‘‡K 8 bs
Øviv wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| GwUI eÜy †hvM Kivi Dcvq| †dmeyK
Avcbvi eqm, wgDPzqvj †d«Û, Avcbvie GjvKv ev BDwbfvwm©wU
BZ¨vw` †bUIqvK©‡K e¨envi K‡i Avcbvi Rb¨ †d«Û mv‡RkÝ ˆZix
K‡i| GLv‡b †ibWgwj wKQz GKvD›U‡K Avcbvi eÜy Kivi Rb¨
mv‡Rkb Kiv Av‡Q| Avcwb PvB‡j †mme AvBwW‡K †d«Û wi‡Kv‡q÷
cvVv‡Z cv‡ib| 9 bs Ackb n‡jv P¨vU Kivi Ackb| GLv‡b Avcwb
Avcbvi eÜy ZvwjKvi m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ evZ©v Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Zv‡`i mv‡_ d‡Uv ev dvBj †kqviI Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 10 bs
Ackb n‡jv †bvwUwd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨| GLv‡b wZbwU wPý i‡q‡Q| 1g wU
n‡jv †d«Û Ack‡bi Rb¨| †KD Avcbv‡K †d«Û wi‡Kv‡q÷ cvVv‡j
Ges Avcwb KvD‡K †d«Û wi‡Kv‡q÷ cvVv‡bvi ci wZwb G‡•Þ Ki‡j
GLv‡b †bvwUwd‡Kkb †kv Ki‡e| 2q wU n‡jv †g‡mR Ack‡bi Rb¨|
†KD Avcbv‡K †g‡mR cvVv‡j GLv‡b †bvwUwd‡Kkb Avm‡e| 3q
AckbwU n‡jv Ab¨vb¨ me †bvwUwd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ †hgb, †KD
Avcbv‡K U¨vM Ki‡j, Avcbvi †cv‡÷ jvBK ev K‡g›U Ki‡j,
Avcbv‡K †Kvb Qwe ev wjLvq U¨vM Ki‡j, Avcbv‡K †Kvb MÖæ‡c GW
Ki‡j BZ¨vw` evKx me †bvwUwd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ 3qwU e¨envi nq| 11
bs Ackb n‡jv Avcwb hw` †Kvb †dmeyK GW, †cBR, MÖæc Ges B‡f›U Lyj‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨| 12 bs Ack‡b
Avcbvi bvg wjLv _v‡K| GLv‡b wK¬K Ki‡j Avcwb Avcbvi Iqv‡j †h‡Z cvi‡eb| GLv‡b wK¬K Ki‡j wb‡Pi
B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e|
GLv‡b 1 bs Ack‡b wK¬K K‡i Avcwb
Avcbvi †cÖvdvBj wcKPvi †mU Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| 2 bs Ack‡b wK¬K K‡i Kfvi
d‡Uv †mU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 3 Ges 4 bs
Ack‡b wK¬K K‡i Avcwb Avcbvi
hveZxq Z_¨vw` w`‡Z cv‡ib|

Avcbvi wjLv‡K wKfv‡e RbwcÖq Ki‡eb?

1- †dmeyK e¨enviKvixiv hLb †h Bm¨y‡Z mie _v‡K ZLb Bm¨y‡Z †jLv‡jwL Kiv DwPZ| RbwcÖq Bm¨yi w`‡K †Lqvj
ivLv|
2- evbv‡bi †¶‡Î Aek¨B mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î wjLv †kl K‡i cvewjk Kivi Av‡M Avevi †PvL eywj‡q
Zvic‡i cvewjk Ki‡Z n‡e| AvaywbK evbvb ixwZ Aek¨B Rvb‡Z n‡e|
3- †cv÷ ms‡¶c Ki‡Z n‡e| 6-12 jvB‡bi †cv÷ mvaviYZ †ekx Qovq Ges gvbyl Aí mg‡q Zv co‡Z cv‡i|
GiKg †cv÷ cvVKiv †ekx cQ›` K‡i|
4- Ggbfv‡e wjLv ïiæ Kiv hv‡Z cvVKiv †KŠZznj †eva K‡i ev B›Uv‡i÷ dxj K‡i| GRb¨ wjLvi ïiæUv AvKl©bxq
nIqv DwPZ|
5- †cv÷ mZ¨wbô I Av¯’vc~Y© n‡Z n‡e| KL‡bvB †kvbv K_vq ev cÖwZwôZ bq Ggb wbDR †cvU©vj †_‡K cvIqv Z_¨
cÖPvi Kiv wVK n‡e bv| Aek¨B wg_¨vi Avkªq †bqv hv‡e bv|
6- †cv‡÷ AvKl©bxq wk‡ivbvg †`qv| GUv cvVK‡`i‡K cy‡iv Lei co‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡e|
7- fv‡qv‡jÝ/ A‡kvfb/ wW÷vwe©s †Kvb wjLv, Qwe Ges wfwWI †cv÷ bv Kiv|
8- Avcbvi †cv÷wU †hb gvbweK Av‡e`bhy³ nq|
9- †cv÷ wjLvi †¶‡Î cÖ_‡g hyw³, Zvici cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Ges h_vh_ Av‡eM e¨envi Kiv|
10- Mí AvKv‡i †cv÷ w`‡Z cv‡ib| GwUI †ek RbwcÖq †dmey‡K|
11- eo †Kvb welq ev AbymÜvbx wi‡cvU© Ges Dcb¨vm wjLvi †¶‡Î ce© AvKv‡i Avjv`v K‡i †cv÷ †`qv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
12- evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ekx msL¨K †dmeyK e¨enviKvix AbjvB‡b _v‡K ivZ 8 Uv †_‡K ivZ 11Uv| GB
mg‡qi †cv÷ †ekx gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq|
c„ôv| 31
mZK©Zvt
1| †dBmey‡Ki cvmIqvW© kw³kvjx Kiv| cvmIqvW© mvaviYZ Pvi ai‡Yi K¨v‡i±v‡ii mgš^‡q n‡j kw³kvjx nq|
K¨vwcUvj †jUvi / eo nv‡Zi †jLv (A,J,T), ¯§j †jUvi/†QvU nv‡Zi †jLv (h,u,n), we‡kl wPý(+,%,$,#) Ges
msL¨v (1,6,4,7)| †hgb aiæb GKwU kw³kvjx cvmIqv‡W©i bgybv nj, bAngla%desH71
2| †dBey‡K A‡bK n¨vKvi wdwks mvB‡Ui wjsK †`q, †hgb e‡j GB wjs‡K †M‡j Avcwb 5wRwe WvUv d«x cv‡eb
A_ev GB mvB‡U Avcbvi wKQz e¨w³MZ Qwe Av‡Q, wWwjU K‡i Avmyb| Gme AvKl©bxq e¨vcvi w`‡q Avcbv‡K AvK…ó
K‡i IB mvB‡U wb‡q hv‡e Ges Avcwb nviv‡eb Avcbvi cvmIqvW©| ZvB wdwks mvB‡Ui e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vK‡eb|
3| †dmey‡K †Kvb fv‡qv‡jÝ ev wW÷vwe©s Qwe, ag©xq ev RvZxqZvev`x D¯‹vbxg~jK †Kvb wjLv ev Qwe †cv÷ Ki‡j,
Akøxj †Kvb Qwe ev wfwWI cvewjk K‡i †dBmeyK KZ©…c¶ wewfbœ †gqv‡` †Kvb †Kvb mgq wPiZ‡i Avcbvi GKvD›U
eÜ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|

UzBUvi
UzBUvi mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g I gvB‡µveøwMs‡qi GKwU I‡qemvBU, †hLv‡b e¨enviKvixiv m‡e©v”P 140 A¶‡ii
evZ©v Av`vb-cÖ`vb I cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GB evZ©v¸‡jv‡K UzBU ejv n‡q _v‡K| UzBUv‡ii m`m¨‡`i UzBUevZ©v¸‡jv
Zv‡`i †cÖvdvBj cvZvq †`Lv hvq| UzBUv‡ii m`m¨iv Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i UzBU covi Rb¨ Zv‡`i d‡jvqvi n‡Z nq|
UzBU †jLvi Rb¨ m`m¨iv mivmwi UzBUvi I‡qemvBU e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GQvovI, †gvevBj †dvb ev GmGgG‡mi
gva¨‡gI UzBU †jLvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| UzBUv‡ii g~j Kvh©vjq gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mvb d«vw݇¯‹v kn‡i| GQvovI †U·v‡mi
mvb A¨v‡›UvwbI Ges g¨vmvPz‡mU‡mi †ev÷‡b UzBUv‡ii mvf©vi I kvLv Kvh©vjq i‡q‡Q|
2006 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m UzBUv‡ii hvÎv ïiæ nq| Z‡e 2006 Gi RyjvB gv‡m R¨vK Wwm© AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Gi D‡Øvab
K‡ib| UzBUvi mviv c„w_exRy‡o e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
UzBUvi we‡k¦i wØZxq eo mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g|
2016 mv‡ji gvP© gvm ch©šÍ UzBUv‡i 310 wgwjqb m`m¨
mwµq i‡q‡Q| UzBUvi‡K B›Uvi‡b‡Ui GmGgGm e‡j
AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Avmyb Avgiv †R‡b wbB wKfv‡e UzBUv‡i
GKvD›U Lyj‡Z nq| Avcwb Avcbvi eªvDRv‡ii G‡Wªmev‡i
www.twitter.com/signup wj‡L G›Uvi Pvcyb| Wvb
w`‡Ki Qwei gZ GKUv B›Uvi‡dm Avm‡e| gvÎ wZbwU
†÷c| Avcbvi bvg wjL‡eb, †dvb bv¤^vi ev B‡gBj
G‡Wªm wjL‡eb Ges cvmIqvW© wjL‡eb|
mvBb Av‡c wK¬K Kivi ci wb‡Pi B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e|
GLv‡b †dvb †fwiwd‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g Avcbvi AvBwWi
MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv evov‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcwb PvB‡j †fwiwd‡Kkb
bv K‡i skip Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

†dvb †fwiwd‡Kkb Ki‡j Avcbvi †dv‡b GKwU

†KvW Avm‡e| †mwU GLv‡b mvewgU K‡i next
Ack‡b wK¬K K‡i ciewZ© B›Uvi‡dm cv‡eb|

BDRvi †bg †mU Av‡ci Ackb cv‡eb GLv‡b| GUv LyeB Riæix| Gi
gva¨‡g Avcwb GKUv BDwbU G‡Wªm cv‡eb hv Øviv Avcbv‡K Lyu‡R cvIqv
hv‡e ev Avcbv‡K †KD U¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| BDRvi †bg mevB †`L‡Z cv‡e
Ges GwU Avcbvi cwiP‡qi gva¨g n‡e ZvB BDRvi †bg †mU Kivi mgq
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Ki‡eb| GwU kZ©mv‡c‡ÿ cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
c„ôv| 32
Avcwb PvB‡j BDRvi †bg †mU bv K‡iI GKvD›U I‡cb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †m‡¶‡Î UzBUvi Avcbvi Rb¨ GKUv GKwU
†ibWg msL¨v evQvB K‡i wb‡e| †m‡¶‡Î skip Ack‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici Avcwb cv‡eb follow mv‡Rkb|

GLv‡b Avcwb †Kvb ai‡Yi GKvD›U‡K d‡jv Ki‡Z Pvb †mB

e¨vcv‡i mv‡Rkb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb †h UvB‡ci AvBwW d‡jv
Ki‡Z Pvb †m¸‡jv‡Z wUK w`‡eb| †m‡¶‡Î UzBUvi Avcbvi
mv‡Rkb Abyhvqx AvBwW¸‡jv‡K Avcbvi Rb¨ mv‡Rkb Ki‡e|
†mLvb †_‡K Avcwb Avcbvi cQ›` Abyhvqx AvBwW¸‡jv‡K d‡jv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Gici wb‡Pi B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e|

GLv‡b wKQz AvBwW †`qv _vK‡e Avcwb PvB‡j

G‡`i d‡jv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A_ev w¯‹c
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Gici wb‡Pi B›Uvi‡dm
Avm‡e|

GLv‡b †dBmey‡Ki gZ Avcwb Avcbvi

†cÖvdvBj wcKPvi †mU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
A_ev PvB‡j w¯‹c Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Gic‡ii
B›Uvi‡dmwU GiKg|

GLv‡b Avcwb Avcbvi eÜy‡`i B‡gBj

G‡Wªm w`‡q Zv‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb hw` Zv‡`i UzBUv‡i GKvD›U
_v‡K| Avcwb PvB‡j w¯‹c K‡i ciewZ©
Ack‡b P‡j †h‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv| 33
GB B›Uvi‡dmwU Avmv gv‡b Avcbvi GKvD›U ˆZix n‡q wM‡q‡Q| Gici wb‡Ri †cÖvdvB‡j †h‡Z n‡j †cÖvdvBj
†bB‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici wb‡Pi B›Uvi‡dmwU Avm‡e|

GLv‡b Avcwb UzBU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvP© Kivi Ackb Av‡Q| Avi GwWU
†cÖvdvB‡j wK¬K K‡i Avcwb †nWvi
d‡Uv, †cÖvdvBj d‡Uv †mU Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| †mB mv‡_ ev‡qvWvUv,
†jv‡Kkb, I‡qemvBU, ev_©‡W Ges
Avcwb Avcbvi †cÖvdvB‡ji Kvjvi
wm‡j± Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Gfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi me Bbdi‡gkb w`‡q Avcbvi AvBwW‡K cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GLb Avcwb UzBU Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| wKQz wjL‡j 140 A¶‡ii g‡a¨B wjL‡Z n‡e| Avcwb PvB‡j Qwe †cv÷ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcwb PvB‡j
wfwWI Avc Ki‡Z cv‡ib| UzBUv‡ii GKUv gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv Avcwb PvB‡j Avc‡jvWK…Z wfwWIi ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó
mgq `k©K‡`i †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avcwb UzBU Kivi cvkvcvwk wiUzBU Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wiUzBU gv‡b n‡jv A‡b¨i UzBU †kqvi Kiv| A‡bKUv †dmey‡Ki
†kqvi Kivi gZB| wicøvB A‡bKUv K‡g‡›Ui gZB| Avi jvBK‡Zv †dmey‡Ki jvB‡Ki gZB|
UzBUv‡ii Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv n¨vkU¨vM| GB n¨vkU¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g eySv hvq c„w_ex‡Z GLb wK wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Q| n¨vkU¨vM gv‡b n‡jv †h welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q †mB k‡ãi Av‡M # wPý w`‡q wjLv| †hgb
#Bangladesh #Dhaka Gfv‡e wjLv| †h wel‡q me‡P‡q †ekx n¨vkU¨vM w`‡q UzBU wiUzBU nq Zv †Uª‡Û †`Lv‡bv
nq| Gfv‡e gvbyl eyS‡Z GLb me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ welq Kx? GRb¨ Avcwb hLb †Kvb UzBU Ki‡eb Avcwb Aek¨B
†h wel‡q UzBU Ki‡Qb †h welq‡K n¨vkU¨vM w`‡eb| UzBUv‡i Av‡iv myweav Av‡Q Avcwb PvB‡j †jv‡Kkb †PBÄ K‡i
Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †Kvb †`‡k wK wK welq †Uª‡Û Av‡Q|
†Kvb wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †h # wPý w`‡q †mB kãUv wj‡L mvP© Ack‡b wM‡q mvP© Ki‡Z nq| †hgb Avcwb
evsjv‡`k wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j mvP© Ack‡b wM‡q #Bangladesh wj‡L mvP© Ki‡eb| #bangladesh w`‡q Kiv
me UzBU Avcbvi mvg‡b nvwRi n‡e| Gfv‡e Avcwb UzBUv‡i †h‡Kvb welq m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

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 ¯§vU©‡dvb Kx Ges ‡Kb?
¯§vU©‡dvb GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi †gvevBj †dvb, hv †gvevBj Kw¤úDwUs cøvUd‡g©i Dci cÖwZwôZ Ges †gvevBj
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g P‡j| wdPvi ‡dv‡bi Zyjbvq AZ¨vaywbK Kw¤úDwUs myweav I Kv‡bw±wfwUm¤úbœ G †dvbwU‡Z
B›Uvi‡bU, gvwëwgwWqv I UvPw¯Œb myweav _vKvq µ‡gB Rbwcªq n‡q D‡V‡Q| GKwU mvaviY †gvevB‡ji mv‡_
cv‡m©vbvj wWwRUvj A¨vwm÷¨v›U (wcwWG) myweav hy³ K‡i we‡k¦i cª_g ¯§vU©‡dvbwU ‡ei Kiv nq| c‡i Gi mv‡_ hy³
n‡q‡Q †cv‡U©ej wgwWqv †cø, wb¤§gv‡bi Kgc¨v± wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv, c‡KU wfwWI K¨v‡giv I wRwcGm myweav|
eZ©gv‡b ‡ewkifvM ¯§vU©‡dv‡bB nvB †iR¨y‡jkb UvPw¯Œb I
†gvevBj Dc‡hvMx I‡qe eªvDRvi i‡q‡Q| †gvevBj eªWe¨vÛ I
IqvB-dvB myweavi gva¨‡g D”PMwZi WvUv A¨v‡·m myweav i‡q‡Q|
mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi me Pvwn`v GKwU gvÎ
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g †gUv‡bvi myweav w`‡Z †gvevBj A¨vc gv‡K©U I
†gvevBj B-Kgvm© M‡o D‡V‡Q|
GLb ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi hyM ej‡j Lye †ewk evwo‡q ejv n‡e bv| G
wWfvBm †hb †gvevBj †dv‡bi aviYvB e`‡j w`‡q‡Q| ïay K_v
ejv bq, wek¦‡K nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq wb‡q G‡m‡Q B›Uvi‡bU I A¨vcmmn bvbvb c«hyw³ myweav| bvbvwea myweav _vKvi Kvi‡b
Gi wewµ ‡e‡o P‡j‡Q µgvMZ| cªhyw³i me©‡kl GB ms¯‹iY cªhyw³‡cªgx‡`i AvMª‡ni †K‡›`ª Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| †ek
wKQy A_© LiP K‡i k‡Li wRwbmwU wKb‡Z †M‡j bvbv †`vUvbvq co‡Z nq| GUv fv‡jv n‡e ‡Zv, bvwK IUv? Ggb
Av‡iv A‡bK cÖkœ| Avmyb †R‡b †bqv hvK wK wK welq ¯§vU©‡dvb †Kbvi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
01. wWRvBb(Design): ¯§vU© †dv‡bi †¶‡Î wWRvBbwU me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡Z cv‡i Avevi bvI n‡Z cv‡i
†KD cvidi‡gÝ fv‡jv Pvb †KD wWRvBb| G wel‡q Kv‡iv KvQ ‡_‡K civgk© †bIqvi wKQy ‡bB| GUv GKvšÍ wb‡Ri
iæwPi e¨vcvi| Avcbvi Kv‡Q †h wWRvBb cQ›` n‡e †m wWRvBb wKb‡Z ‡Póv Ki‡eb|
02.IRb Ges Abyf~wZ(Weight and Feeling): †gvevBj †dvb‡m‡Ui G ˆewkó¨ wb‡q †KD †Zgb gv_v Nvgvq
bv| †gvevBj †dvb †ewkifvM mgq c‡K‡U ivLv nq| ZvB GwU hZ †ewk nvjKv nq ZZ fv‡jv| Z‡e eo AvKv‡ii
n‡j IRb ev‡o| †µZvi Kv‡Ri ai‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i †ewk IR‡bi †dvb †Kbv DwPZ|
03. †gvevBj †bUIqvK© (Network): ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi †bUIqvK© Kv‡bKkb Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| K_v ejv †m
AwWI †nvK ev wfwWI GQvov WvUv Kv‡bKk‡bi MwZ wbf©i K‡i Gi Ici| †gvevBj †bUIqvK© eZ©gv‡b
2G,3G,4G,5G †bUIqvK© wewfbœ †`‡k Pjgvb|

1G = analog
2G = digital, voice
2.5G added data (GPRS)
2.75G faster data (EDGE)
3G = digital, supported data, packet switched (WCDMA, EvDO)
3.5G faster data (HSPA)
4G = wireless broadband
(most people say this is LTE, some people are waiting for an upgrade to LTE-A)
5G = not yet defined (Super wireless broadband )

04. cÖ‡mmi (Processor): ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi cÖavb I me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask nj cÖ‡mmi| cÖ‡mmi Avcbvi ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi
g~j Ask¸‡jvi GKUv| ZvB ¯§vU©‡dvb †Kbvi Av‡M †R‡b wbb Avcbvi cQ‡›`i ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi cÖ‡mmi m¤ú‡K©|
A‡b‡Ki fyj aviYv i‡q‡Q †h cÖ‡mm‡ii K¬K ¯úxW-B Avmj| K¬K ¯úxW ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jI GwU cÖavb wbqvgK bq|
cÖ‡mm‡ii fvm©b-B Avmj| ZvB ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi †Kbvi Av‡M †R‡b wbb cÖ‡mmi Gi fvm©b KZ| †Póv Kiæb ARMv7
ev Zvi cieZ©x Model Gi cÖ‡mmi mg…× ¯§vU©‡dvb wKb‡Z| Kvib ARMv7 c~e©eZ©x Model Gi cÖ‡mmi¸‡jv A‡bK
A¨vcwj‡Kkb, †Mgm& we‡kl K‡i d¬¨vk mv‡cvU© K‡i bv d‡j Avcbvi ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi g~j gRvUvB bó n‡q hv‡e| †hgb
Samsung Galaxy Y, Galaxy pocket, Galaxy Ace BZ¨vw` †gvevB‡j K¬K ¯úxW †ekx _vK‡jI
GB †dvb¸‡jvi ARM fvm©b nj 6 ZvB GB †dvb¸‡jv A‡bK Avwcø‡Kkb we‡kl K‡i d¬¨vkwfwËK wKQyB
P‡j bv|

Avw_©K mvg‡_©i w`‡K †Lqvj K‡i †KvqvW-†Kvi(Quad-core) A_ev A±v-‡Kvi

(Octa-core) cÖ‡mmi mg…× ¯§vU©‡dvb µq Kiv DËg|

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05. i¨vg I ig (RAM &ROM): ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi Av‡iKwU Acwinvh© Ask nj RAM Gi ¶gZv| i¨vg g~jZ Kv‡Ri
MwZ e…wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i| RAM hZ ‡ekx n‡e Kv‡Ri performance Avi ¯úxW `yBB evo‡e| ZvB ‡Kbvi Av‡M
RAM KZ Zv ‡`‡L wbb| ‡dvb wKb‡Z wKQy A_© ‡ekx e¨q K‡i n‡jI 2GB RAM ‡Kbv DwPZ| ig n‡”Q ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi
B›Uvibvj ‡ggwi| A‡bK mgq ‡`Lv hvq ‡h B›Uvibvj ‡g‡gvwi 8 wRwe n‡jI BD‡Rej _v‡K 5 wRwe wKsev 4 wRwe
evwKUv Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi `L‡j _v‡K|
06. †g‡gvwi(Memory): ¯§vU©‡dvb ‡Kbvi Av‡M ‡`‡L wbb ‡g‡gvwii m‡e©v”P aviY ¶gZv KZ| ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi
‡g‡gvwi `yB ai‡bi nqt
1)Phone memory/internal memory
2)Card slot/External memory
cÖvq me ¯§vU©‡dv‡b ‡g‡gvwi KvW© jvMv‡bv ‡M‡jI ‡`‡L wbb m‡e©v”P KZ ch©šÍ Zv mv‡cvU© K‡i we‡kl K‡i internal
memory KZ Zv ‡R‡b wbb|

07.wWm‡cø (Display): Avcwb †h †dvbwU wKb‡eb Zv wK ïay Kj wiwmf Kivi Rb¨| A_©vr Avgiv A‡bKB G‡Ki
AwaK †dvb e¨envi K‡i _vwK hvi g‡a¨ GKwU ïay Kj wiwmf Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi _vwK| †miKg n‡j Avcwb bigvj
wWm‡cøi Kg `v‡gi ‡dvb wKb‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb UvKvI euvPv‡Z cvi‡eb Ges e¨vUvwii ¯’vqxZ¡I cv‡eb j¤^v mgq|
Avcwb hw` †gvevBj †dvbwU e¨envi K‡ib Avcbvi ‰`bw›`b wewfbœ Kv‡R ev AbjvB‡bi Kv‡R Zvn‡j Avcwb fv‡jv
wWm‡cø m¤úbœ GKUv †dvb wKb‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbv‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †dv‡bi wWm‡cø mvB‡Ri c«wZ Kvib Avcbvi
wWm‡cø hZ eo e¨vUvwi PvR© ZZ ZvovZvwo ‡kl n‡q hv‡e| hw` Avcbvi ev‡RU †ewk n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j eª¨v‡Ûi wKQy
†dvb Av‡Q hv A‡bK eo ¯Œxb wb‡qI A‡bK j¤^v mgq e¨vUvwi PvR© mÂq ivL‡Z cv‡i| A‡b‡KB Av‡Q hv‡`i evB‡i
KvR Ki‡Z nq | †hgb GKRb c«‡R± g¨v‡bRvi ev mvBU BwÄwbqvi hLb †gvevBj ev ¯§vU© †dvb wKb‡eb Aek¨B
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb wWm‡cøwU mvbjvBU mv‡cv‡U©W nq| c«_g ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq nj wWm‡cø| eZ©gv‡b 3" ‡_‡K ïiæ
K‡i 6" gv‡ci ¯§vU©‡dvb I evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| hw` UvP¯Œxb ¯§vU©‡dvb ‡bb †m‡¶‡Î ‡Póv Ki‡eb wWm‡cøi AvKvi
†hb 3.5 Bw ev Zvi ‡ekx nq| KviY G‡Z e¨envi A‡bK †ekx Avivg`vqK Ges †`L‡ZI myweav| Z‡e mn‡R enb
Ki‡Z PvB‡j †QvU c`©vi †gvevBj †bIqv DwPZ| GKB mv‡_ wKQy welq †Lqvj ivL‡eb †hgb †iRy‡&jkb
(D`vniY-720p-1080pHD-UHD-4K) mvaviY gv‡bi †gvevB‡ji wWm‡cø 720wc-Gi Kg n‡q _v‡K, wc‡·j cvi
BwÂ(PPI),Kvjvi BZ¨vw`| Avi UvP¯Œxb †hb AekB capacitive nq| KviY Resistative ¯Œxb e¨env‡i Lye
AmyweavRbK hv Avcbv‡KB mgm¨vq ‡dj‡e| ¯§vU©‡dvb k³‡cv³ KZUv Zv Riæwi welq| Zv Qvov c`©v‡Z mn‡R
`vM †hb bv c‡o †m Rb¨ ¯Œ¨vP †iwR÷¨v›U Møvm i‡q‡Q A‡bK †dv‡b Mwijv Møvm, W«vMb U«vBj Møvm G †¶‡Î †ewk
e¨envi nq| nvZ †_‡K c‡o †M‡jB †f‡O ev †d‡U hv‡e bv, AšÍZ †Zgb †Zv n‡Z n‡e †dvbwU‡K|
08. MÖvwd· cÖ‡mmi BDwbU(GPU): A‡b‡KB MÖvwd· cÖ‡mmi BDwbU(GPU) m¤ú‡K© AewnZ bq A_P GwU Qvov
Avcwb nvB MÖvwd· Gi †Kvb †Mgm †Lj‡Z cvi‡eb bv ev nvB MÖvwd· †cÖvMv‡g KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| HD Video
†`L‡ZI GwUi cÖ‡qvRb GQvov w_g Ges jvbPv‡iI Gi cÖ‡qvRb GiKg A‡bK †¶‡Î GPU KvR K‡i| A‡bK †mU
G weë-Bb GPU _vK‡jI Zvi cvidi‡g‡Ý AZ fvj bv †hgbt Samsung Galaxy Y, Galaxy Pocket, Galaxy
Ace BZ¨vw`|

09. †mÝi(Sensor): ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi ¯§vU©‡bm A‡bKvs‡k Gi †mÝi¸‡jvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| eZ©gvb mKj ¯§vU©‡dv‡b
wewfbœI ai‡bi †mÝi _v‡K hv Øviv Avcwb ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi c~Y©v½ myweav †fvM Ki‡eb| cª‡qvRbxq †mÝi¸‡jv njt

(1) Accelerometer Sensor(3D)

(2) Gyroscope Sensor
(3) Proximity Sensor
(4)Magnetic fild Sensor
(5)Gravity Sensor
(6)Light Sensor
(7)Pressure Sensor(Barometer)
(8)Orientation Sensor
(9)Hall Sensor
(10)Temperature Sensor(Thermometer)
(11) GPS(Global Positioning System) wRwcG‡mi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv ‡Møvevj cwRkwbs wm‡÷g| cy‡iv bvgUv
‡`L‡jB ‡evSv hvq Gi aviYvUv KZ e¨vcK| ¯§vU©‡dv‡b hw` wRwcGm _v‡K, Zvn‡j ‡m ‡`wL‡q ‡`‡e e¨enviKvix
c…w_exi ‡Kvb RvqMvq ¯§vU©‡dvbwU wb‡q Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb|
‡mU Gi g‡Wj Abyhvqx ‡mÝi Gi msL¨v Kg ‡ekx n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avcbv‡K b¨ybZg 1, 3, 6 bs ‡mÝi hy³
¯§vU©‡dvb wKb‡Z n‡e A_ev Avcbvi c«‡qvRb Abyhvqx wKb‡Z cv‡ib|

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10.Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g (OS): ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi Av‡iKwU AmvaviY ‰ewkó¨ nj Gi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g| Kw¤úDUv‡ii gZ
cª‡Z¨K ¯§vU©‡dvb Gi i‡q‡Q GKwU wbR¯^ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g| eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g i‡q‡Q
†hgbt
1) Android
2) iOS(ïay Apple Gi Rb¨)
3) Windows
4) RIM(ïay Black Berry Gi Rb¨)
5) Symbian
6) Firefox
Z‡e wewfbœ myweavi A¨vcm e¨env‡ii Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx n‡jv A¨vÛ«‡qW, AvBIGm Ges DB‡ÛvR ‡dvb
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g| Android Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g wjb¨v· Gi ¶y`« ms¯‹iY| Z‡e
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g hvB ‡nvK ‡Póv Ki‡eb me‡P‡q bZyb ms¯‹i‡b P‡j Ggb ‡mU ‡bIqvi, AšÍZ hv‡Z me©‡kl
fvm©bwU update Kiv hvq|

11. mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU ivLv (Software Update) : ‡dv‡bi mdUIq¨vi cÖwZwbqZ Avc‡WU n‡”Q wK? AvcwbI
hw` wb‡Ri ‡dv‡bi mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv wbqwgZ Avc‡WU iv‡Lb Zvn‡j hš¿wU my›`ig‡Zv KvR Ki‡e| bq‡Zv bvbv
Sv‡gjv Ki‡e ‡h‡Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z| bZyb ‡Kv‡bv A¨vcm mv‡cvU© Ki‡e bv Ges ‡dvbwU axiMwZi n‡q hv‡e| wKQy
Apps e¨envi Ki‡Z ‡M‡j ‡dvb iæU (Root) Ki‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î Avcwb AwfÁ bv n‡j ‡dvb iæU Ki‡eb bv GQvov
Iqv‡iw›Ui AvIZvq _vK‡j hw` iæU K‡ib Avi AvbiæU Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib Zvn‡j Iqv‡iw›U evwZj n‡q hv‡e| me‡P‡q
fv‡jv nq mvwf©m †m›Uvi ‡_‡K iæU K‡i ‡bqv Zv‡Z Iqv‡iw›Ui mgm¨v nq bv| ccyjvi wiwfD I ‡iwUs mvBU e¨envi
Kiæb B›Uvi‡bU _vK‡j bvbv mvB‡U Xyu gvi‡ZB nq| Z‡e fvBivm, g¨vjIq¨v‡ii BZ¨vw`i AvµgY ‡_‡K evuP‡Z
ccyjvi wiwfD I ‡iwUs mvB‡U ‡Nviv‡div Ki‡eb| bB‡j wec`| cª‡qvR‡b Gw›UfvBivm e¨envi Kiæb|
12. K¨v‡giv (Camera): Avcbvi ‡dv‡bi mv‡_ GKwU fvj gv‡bi K¨v‡giv _vKv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Avcwb
memgq DSLR wb‡q Ny‡i ‡eov‡eb Zv A‡bKUvB Am¤¢e | ZvB Avcwb ‡dvb ‡Kbvi Av‡M Avcbvi ‡dv‡bi K¨v‡giv
gvb m¤ú‡K© GKUy hvPvB K‡i ‡`L‡Z cv‡ib| ïa †gMvwc‡·j w`‡q Avcbvi Qwei ¸Yv¸Y eyS‡Z cvi‡eb bv |
K¨v‡giv ‡dvb ‡Kbvi Av‡M Avcwb wbðqB Rvb‡Z Pvb ‡dv‡bi †gMvwc‡·j KZ| ‡gvevBj ‡dvb wbg©vZv
‡Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv Zv‡`i weµq evov‡bvi Rb¨ GB Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡i _v‡K| †gMvwc‡·‡j Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨
Ki‡e wK cwigvY wc‡·j Avcwb Qwe‡Z ‡c‡Z cv‡ib | ‡QvU ‡jÝ w`‡q hLb ‡ewk †gMvwc‡·‡ji Qwe ‡Zvjv nq ZLb
‡`Lv hvq b‡qR A‡bK ‡ewk _v‡K| ZvB 32†gMvwc‡·j ‡gvevBj K¨v‡giv w`‡q KL‡bv DSLR Gi gZ Qwe Zyj‡Z
cvi‡ebbv KviY DSLR †gMvwc‡·j I ‡j‡Ýi g‡a¨ Lye fvj GKUv m¤ú‡K© ‡i‡L evbv‡bv nq| Kv‡RB ‡gvevBj ‡dvb
‡Kbvi mgq Avcbvi K¨v‡giv ‡KvqvwjwU cª¨vKwUK¨wj hvPvB K‡i ‡`Lyb | Avi Avcwb hw` ‡mjwd f³ n‡q _v‡Kb
Zvn‡j Avcbvi ‡dv‡bi d«›U K¨v‡giv ‡KvqvwjwU ‡`‡L wb‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡Z wK¬qvi wfwWI KjI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| D‡jøL¨
eZ©gv‡b ‡gvevBj ‡dvb d‡UvM«vdx ‡ek Rbwc«q | ZvQvov ‡h‡Kvb AmvaviY gyn~Z© hLb ZLb Avcbvi K¨v‡give›`x
Ki‡Z GKUv fvj gv‡bi ‡dvb K¨v‡giv AZ¨šÍ Riæix|
13.e¨vUvwi (Battery): ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi Avi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq nj e¨vUvwi| A‡bK mgq e¨vUvwii wgwj Gw¤úqvi
‡ewk _vKv m‡Ë¡I ‡dv‡bi e¨vUvwi Lye ZvovZvwo ‡kl n‡q hvq| ZvB ¯§vU©‡dvb ‡Kbvi c~‡e©B wbwðZ n‡q wbb ‡h
e¨vUvwiwU AšÍZ GK †_‡K †`o w`b e¨vKAvc ‡`q| bZyev Avcbv‡K c«wZw`b AšÍZ 2 ‡_‡K 3 evi ‡dv‡b PvR© w`‡Z
n‡e hv LyeB weiw³Ki GKwU e¨vcvi n‡q `vov‡e| e¨vUvwii kw³ wba©vwiZ nq ‡gvevBj ‡dvbwU ‡Kgb Zvi Ici wfwË
K‡i| Z‡e eo gv‡ci w¯Œ‡bi ‡gvevBj †ewk e¨vUvwi kw³ ¶q K‡i| ZvB kw³kvjx e¨vUvwi c«‡qvRb n‡e ‡gvevBjwU
A‡bK mgq a‡i Pvjy ivLvi Rb¨| GLb 3000 Gg.G.GBP ev Zvi‡P‡q ‡ewk kw³i e¨vUvwi wn‡m‡e evRv‡i Pvjy
i‡q‡Q| ¯§vU©‡dvb †Kbvi mgq ‡Lqvj ivL‡eb e¨vUvwii mAh ‡hbI ‡ekx nq KviY e¨vUvwii hZ mAh ‡ekx n‡e
PvR© ZZ ‡ekx _vK‡e| GQvov e¨vUvwii PvR© NvUwZ ‡VKv‡Z cvIqvi e¨vsK e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib hv evRv‡i wKb‡Z
cvIqv hvq|
14.`vg (Price): GUv GKUv Avmj welq| Ggwb‡ZB †gvevBj †dvb‡m‡Ui `vg hZ ‡ewk n‡e, Zvi mewKQyB ZZ
fv‡jv n‡e wKš‘ Dc‡iv³ me wdPvi GKmv‡_ bvI ‡c‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e ‡gvevBj ‡dvb‡mU ‡Kbvi Av‡M GKB g‡W‡ji
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ms¯‹iY Lye wkMwMiB evRv‡i Avm‡j Zv ‡_‡K †Kv‡bv mywe‡a cvb wK bv †f‡e wb‡Z n‡e| ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi
`vg eª¨vÛ‡f‡` GLb cÖvq 5 nvRvi UvKv ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i 90 nvRvi UvKv ch©šÍ| Avgv‡`i ‡`‡kI Acv‡iUi
cªwZôvb¸‡jv bvbvb mgq bvbvb Advi w`‡q _v‡K| †m †¶‡Î †Kvb c«wZôvb me‡P‡q ‡ewk myweav w`‡”Q Ges
‡gvevBj¸‡jvi g‡W‡ji m‡½ `vg I myweav¸‡jvi Zyjbv K‡i wb‡Ri cQ›` Abyhvqx wKb‡eb| hviv Rbwc«q Ges mnR
‡mU Pvjv‡Z Pvb, †hgb AvB‡dvb, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q `vg ‡Kvb welqB bq eis Zv mvgvwRK m¤§v‡biI welq, Z‡e
Ab¨w`‡K ‡mUv ev‡RU Qvwo‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i| hw` Avcwb Pvb Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk nv‡Z ‡`Lv‡bvi gZ GKwU ‡mU, Z‡e
Aek¨B Avcbvi ev‡RU evov‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` Avcwb mí ev‡R‡U wb‡Z Pvb GKwU ¯§vU©‡dvb, Z‡e fve‡Z n‡e
Dc‡ii welq¸‡jv Ges cvkvcvwk evRvi Ny‡i †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e Avcbvi Kv‡Ri Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †dvb| UvKv w`‡q
wKb‡eb, myZivs wRÁvmv Kiæb we‡µZv‡K g‡b hZ cªkœ Av‡m, cvkvcvwk wb‡RI †`‡L wbb| evRv‡i ‡h‡nZy bvbv
ai‡Yi Ges bvbv `v‡gi †gvevBj †mU cvIq hvq ZvB GKUy mgq wb‡q K‡qK †`vKvb Ny‡i Ny‡iB †dvb †Kbv DwPZ|

c„ôv| 37
15.Ab¨vb¨ wKQy welq Others: G mKj welq QvovI AviI wKQy welq Avcbvi ‡Lqvj ivLv DwPZ Avi Zv njt
SAR value ‡hb ‡Kvb fv‡e 2 Gi †ekx bv nq| Gi †ekx n‡j Zv kix‡ii Rb¨ ¶wZKi| GUv n‡jv †iwW‡qkb Gi
gvÎv hv A‡bK mgq c¨v‡K A_ev MvBW eB‡q ‡`qv _v‡K|
-mvDÛ wm‡÷g Gi gvb(SRS Amplifier, Beats audio BZ¨vw`)
-MicroUSB, Bluetooth Version , Wi-Fi Speed, WLAN Hotspot, OTA(over-the-air), OTG(USB
On-The-Go), NFC(Near field communication), Infrared BZ¨vw`|

¯§vU©‡dv‡bi wbivcËvt ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨env‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi wbivcËvi w`KwUI ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ ‡`Lv `iKvi| AvR‡Ki
`ywbqvq GKwU ¯§vU©‡dvb w`‡qB Avcwb Avcbvi e¨vswKs Kvh©µg Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© me
WKy‡g›U ivL‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB Avcwb wbivcËvi welqwU ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ bv †`L‡j wec` nIqvi mg~n m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|
ZvB wKQy wbivcËvg~jK KvR Avcbv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e|
A¨vw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiæb
Avcbvi A¨vÛ«‡qW ¯§vU©‡dvbwUi ¶gZv cÖvq GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mgvb Ges Kw¤úDUv‡ii ‡¶‡Î ‡hiKg fvBivm
wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq wVK ‡miKg †dv‡bi e¨vcv‡iI| ZvB Avgv‡`i DwPZ A¨vÛ«‡qW ¯§vU©‡dvbwU hv‡Z fvBiv‡m
AvµvšÍ bv nq †m Rb¨ A¨vw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv|
WvDb‡jvW Kiæb wbivc` A¨vwcø‡Kkb
A¨vÛ«‡qW Gi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ mdUIq¨vi Ges A¨vwcø‡Kkb| ZvB Avcwb bv ey‡S A‡bK ¶wZKi mdUIq¨vi
A_ev A¨vwcø‡Kkb WvDb‡jvW Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Kvi‡Y G mdUIq¨vi A_ev A¨vwcø‡Kkb WvDb‡jvW Kivi Av‡M
Gi Awdwmqvj mvBU Ges Gi m¤ú‡K© evowZ Z_¨ †R‡b WvDb‡jvW Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
mveavb _vKyb
A¨vwcø‡Kkb WvDb‡jvW Kivi mgq Gi wbg©vZv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡q c‡i WvDb‡jvW Kiæb| Avi cvB‡i‡UW Kwc
wK bv ‡mB wel‡qI mZK© nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi memgq wbivc` Avi fv‡jv A¨vwcø‡Kkb e¨envi Kivi ‡Póv Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Avc‡W‡UW ivLyb IGm (Operating System)
c«wZwbqZ †ei n‡”Q bZyb bZyb IGm| ZvB Avcwb memgq †Póv Ki‡eb Avcbvi †dvbwU Avc‡W‡UW ivL‡Z|
G‡Z Avcbvi ¯§vU©‡dvb Gi wbivcËv Ges bZyb A‡bK wKQy m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
AviI wKQy KvR Avcbv‡K g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb;
ÔK¬vDW ‡÷v‡iRÕ mveav‡b e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
W¨vUv e¨vKAvc K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
Avw_©K †jb‡`‡b mveavb _vK‡Z n‡e|
W¨vUv GbwµÞ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvm‡KvW Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gme welq ‡g‡b Pj‡j Avcbvi A¨vÛ«‡qW wWfvBmwU wbivc` _vK‡e A‡bKvs‡k|

evwo‡q wbb ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi MwZ

¯§vU©‡dvbwUi MwZ Kg n‡j Pig †fvMvwšÍ‡Z co‡Z nq| ZvB ¯§vU©‡dvb‡K MwZkxj ivLvi R‡b¨ c«‡qvRb i¨v‡gi
hZœ ‡bqv| `iKvi MwZ evov‡bvi c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv| i¨v‡gi MwZ evov‡bv I hZœ ‡bqvi mnR wKQy c×wZ:
1| AcÖ‡qvRbxq A¨vcm¸wj Avb-Bb÷j Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z †gvevB‡ji i¨vg wd« _vK‡e| d‡j ¯§vU©‡dvb _vK‡e
MwZgq|
2| ¸Mj ‡cø-‡÷vi ‡_‡K Uv¯‹wKjv‡ii g‡Zv ‡KvbI A¨vc WvDb‡jvW K‡i e¨envi Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| G¸wj MwZ
evov‡bvi bvbv KvR wb‡RB K‡i ‡bq| GKUy cyi‡bv ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ A‡Uv Uv¯‹ wKjvi A¨vcwU ‡ek
Dc‡hvMx| GwU wba©vwiZ mg‡qi e¨eav‡b A¨v‡ci cÖ‡mm wKj K‡i ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi i¨vg MwZkxj iv‡L|
3| ÷vU© A¨vc g¨v‡bRv‡ii g‡Zv wKQy ¯§vU© A¨vwcø‡Kkb e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G A¨vc¸wj gva¨‡g KZ mgq
ci †dvb eyU ev wi÷vU© n‡e ‡mwU wba©viY K‡i ‡`qv hvq| G Qvov wba©vwiZ mgq ciI ‡KvbI A¨vwcø‡Kkb mwµq
ev wbw®Œq n‡e Zv wVK Kiv hvq| G‡Z i¨v‡gi Ici wKQyUv cÖfve Kg‡e|
4| `xN©¶Y Pjvi ci ¯§vU©‡dvbwU‡K wi÷vU© Ki‡Z n‡e| bZybfv‡e Pvjy nIqvi d‡j K¨vk dvBj¸‡jv wWwjU n‡q
hvq I wewfbœ AcÖ‡qvRbxq A¨vwcø‡Kkb eÜ _v‡K| d‡j i¨v‡gi MwZ wKQyUv n‡jI e…w× cvq|
5| ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi †g‡gvwii w`‡K memgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq| †g‡gvwi K‡g †M‡jI ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi MwZ K‡g hvq|

c„ôv| 38
e¨vUvix‡Z PvR© †ekx mgq ivLvi Dcvqt
¯§vU©‡dvb e¨enviKvixiv AvaywbK cÖhyw³i me myweav †fvM Ki‡jI GKUv `y‡f©vM i‡q‡Q| †mUv n‡jv `ªæZ PvR© dywi‡q
hvIqvi mgm¨v| A¨vÛ«‡qW, AvBIGm I DB‡ÛvRmn me Acv‡iwUs‡q PvwjZ ¯§vU©‡dv‡bB i‡q‡Q G mgm¨v| hv‡`i
‡ewki fvM mgqB ¯§vU©‡dv‡b B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡`i w`‡b AšÍZ `yÕevi‡Zv PvR© w`‡ZB nq| Avi ‡m
Rb¨ m‡½ ivL‡Z nq Avjv`v GKwU cvIqvi e¨vsK|
e¨vUvwii PvR© mvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ wewfbœ iK‡gi A¨vwcø‡KkbI i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Gi evB‡iI ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨env‡ii wKQy wbqg
Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡j wKQyUv mvkÖq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb e¨vUvwii PvR©|
1. Avcbvi †dv‡bi wWm‡cøi J¾¡j¨ ev eªvBU‡bm Kwg‡q ivLyb|
2. Kv‡jv Iqvj‡ccvi e¨envi Kiæb| †dv‡b Kv‡jv ev G ai‡bi i‡Oi Iqvj‡ccvi e¨envi Ki‡j PvR© Kg LiP nq|
KviY, A¨v‡gv‡jW w¯Œ‡bi Av‡jv LiP nq wewfbœ i‡Oi ‡cQ‡b| ZvB hZ iwOb Iqvj‡ccvi †`Iqv n‡e, Av‡jvi LiP
evo‡e, †m m‡½ PvR©I LiP n‡e|
3. †jv-cvIqvi ‡gvW| Avcbvi ‡dv‡b hw` A¨vÛ«‡qW 5 `kwgK k~b¨ ev Gi c‡ii fvm©‡bi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g _v‡K,
Zvn‡j Avcbvi Kcvj fv‡jv| KviY, †dv‡bi PvR© 15 kZvs‡ki Kg n‡jB Gme Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g ¯^qswµqfv‡e
†jv-cvIqvi †gvW Pvjy n‡q hvq| A¨vÛ«‡qW Acv‡iwUs‡qi gvk©g¨v‡jv fvm©‡b i‡q‡Q Ô‡WvRÕ bv‡g GKwU bZyb wdPvi|
¯§vU©‡dv‡bi PvR© K‡g †M‡j GB wdPvi †dvbwU‡K ¯^qswµqfv‡e nvBevi‡bkb †gv‡W wb‡q hvq Avi A‡bK¶Y a‡i
Ae¨eüZ Ae¯’vq _vKv A¨vc¸‡jv eÜ K‡i ‡`q|
4. jK w¯Œb †bvwUwd‡Kkb Pvjy Kiæb| ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi PvR© evuPv‡bvi Av‡iKwU fv‡jv civgk© n‡”Q jK w¯Œb
†bvwUwd‡Kkb Pvjy K‡i ivLv| G‡Z evievi Avcbv‡K jK Ly‡j †bvwUwdwK‡kb ‡`L‡Z n‡e bv| d‡j PvR© Kg LiP
n‡e|
5. e¨env‡ii ci A¨vcm eÜ Kiæb| wVKg‡Zv eÜ bv Kivi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq wewfbœ A¨vcm Pvjy _v‡K, ‡hUv A‡b‡K
‡Lqvj K‡ib bv| we‡kl K‡i wRwcGm I IqvB-dvB‡qi ‡¶‡Î G e¨vcviUv ‡ewk N‡U| Avi G `ywU A¨vcm Pvjy
_vK‡j `ªæZ PvR© dywi‡q hvq| ZvB KvR ‡kl nIqvi ci A¨vcm eÜ Kiæb|
6. A¨vcm WvDb‡jvW I Avc‡W‡Ui ‡¶‡Î IqvB-dvB ms‡hvM e¨envi Kiæb| †gvevB‡ji WvUv e¨envi Ki‡j PvR©
†ewk LiP n‡e, G Qvov mgqI hv‡e ‡ewk| †m ‡¶‡Î `ªæZMwZi IqvB-dvB ms‡hvM e¨envi Ki‡j ZvovZvwo
A¨vcm¸‡jv WvDb‡jvW I Avc‡WU n‡q hv‡e| †gvevB‡ji PvR©I Kg LiP n‡e|
7. Avmj e¨vUvwi e¨envi Kiæb| ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi e¨vUvwi bó n‡q ‡M‡j AwiwRbvj e¨vUvwi e¨env‡ii ‡Póv Kiæb| G‡Z
Avcbvi ‡dvb fv‡jv _vK‡e Ges PvR©I _vK‡e A‡bK¶Y|

c„ôv| 39
 mvBevi wbivcËv
AbjvB‡b wbivc` _vKv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zvmg~nt
1. kw³kvjx cvmIqvW© e¨envi Kiæb| cvmIqvW© wKfv‡e kw³kvjx n‡e G‡¶‡Î wb‡Pi MvBWjvBb AbymiY
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
8-16 A¶‡ii cvmIqvW© w`‡Z n‡e|
4 ai‡bi AvB‡Ug †hgb- eo nv‡Zi A¶i (ACBD), †QvU nv‡Zi
A¶i (acbd), 0-9 bv¤^vi I wewfbœ wPýmg~n (./*&%$#@!-_=+) †_‡K
GK ev GKvwaK e¨envi K‡i cvmIqvW© ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb:-
kNowledge88%&*
wfbœ wfbœ cvUd‡g©i Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ cvmIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
3-6 gv‡mi gv‡S mKj cvmIqvW© cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hme cvmIqvW© w`‡eb bvt cÖPwjZ kã Gwo‡q Pjyb| GKvšÍB
†m¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡Z PvB‡j kã‡K GKvwaKfv‡M fvM K‡i gv‡S msL¨v ev
Ab¨ wKQz XzwK‡q w`b| Avcbvi bvg, bv‡gi †h‡Kvb Ask, †gvevBj b¤^i, 1971, 06021977, Avcbvi Rb¥w`b,
Avcbvi †ivj b¤^i, evev-gv-¯¿x-fvB-‡evb-¯^vgx BZ¨vw`i bvg, msMV‡bi bvg, 123456 password 12345678
qwerty abc123 123456789 111111 1234567 iloveyou adobe123 123123 Admin 1234567890
letmeinphotoshop 1234 monkey shadow sunshine 12345 password1 princess azerty trustno1
000000 BZ¨vw` mn Kgb †hme kã ev A¶i Avcbv‡K Abygvb Ki‡j †ei n‡Z cv‡i †mm‡ei †h‡KvbwU cvmIqvW©
wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
cvmIqvW© g‡b ivLvt cvmIqvW© msi¶‡bi c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv (wb‡P i‡q‡Q)|
GKB †gB‡ji AvÛv‡i wewfbœ cøvUd‡g© †hgb †dmeyK.. UzBUvi.. eøM.. ¯‹vBwc.. AvDUjyK.. wj¼WBb.. Wªce·
BZ¨vw`mn Ab¨vb¨ cvUd‡g© wewfbœ cvmIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡Z †M‡j cvmIqvW© g‡b ivLvi myweav‡_© cvmIqv‡W©i GKwU
Ask GKB †i‡L †k‡l ev gv‡S ev ïiæ‡Z cwieZ©b K‡i e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
2. AbjvB‡b †h †Kvb I‡qemvB‡U jMB‡bi mgq wi‡g¤^vi cvmIqvW© Ackb e¨envi bv Kiv|
3. eªvDwRs wnw÷ª I eªvDRv‡i msiw¶Z cvmIqvW© gy‡Q †djv|
4. Avcbvi Kw¤cDUvi/‡gvevBj Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g‡K wbqwgZ Avc‡WU Kiv|
5. Avcbvi e¨eüZ mKj ai‡bi wWfvB‡m cvmIqvW© †cÖv‡UKkb e¨envi Kiæb|
6. wbf©i‡hvM¨ Gw›U-g¨vjIq¨vi/Gw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv| mdUIq¨viwU wbqwgZ Avc‡WU Kiv|
7. Awdwmqvj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Avcbvi B‡gBj GKvD›U cwieZ©b Kiæb| G‡K Lyu‡R cvIqv KwVb Kiæb
Avcbvi bvg I R‡b¥i eQi G¨vKvD‡›Ui bv‡g e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
8. †m¨vkvj †bUIqv‡K© e¨w³MZ Z_¨ hZUzKz bv w`‡jB bq ZZUzKz w`b| wb‡Ri †d«Ûwj÷ m¤¢e n‡j nvBW K‡i
ivLyb| we‡kl K‡i wb‡Ri bv¤^vi cvewjKwj †kqvi Ki‡eb bv|
9. †m¨vkvj mvBU¸‡jv‡Z KvD‡K 'eÜy' evbv‡bvi Av‡M Zvi m¤c‡K© wbwðZ †nvb, ev¯Íe RM‡Z †h eÜy nIqvi
†hvM¨ bq Zv‡K eÜy bv KivB DËg|
10. fvP©zqvj ev we‡`‡k Ae¯nvbKvix‡`i eÜy evbv‡bvi mgq Zvi cwiPq m¤c‡K© mg¨Kfv‡e wbwðZ †nvb|
GRb¨ Zvi †cÖvdvBj †`Lyb, cvi¯cvwiK ev wgDPzqvj eÜy‡`i g‡a¨ †KD Avcbvi cwiwPZ cwiwPZ wKbv
†mme welq †`‡L wbwðZ †nvb|
11. LyeB e¨w³MZ Qwe I Z_¨ †dmeyK mn †m¨vkvj †bUIqv‡K© cÖKvk Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKzb|
12. †dmeyK, Ab¨vb¨ †m¨vkvj †bUIqvK© wKsev B‡gBj e¨envi Kivi ci cÖwZevi jM AvDU Kiv|
13. ¯‹zj/ K‡jR/ fvwm©wUi j¨v‡e Ges mvBevi K¨v‡d‡Z B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kivi ci mvBb AvDU Kiv|
14. eÜy ev cwiwPZ Kv‡iv wWfvBm e¨env‡ii mgq mZK© _vKv|
15. †Kv‡bv AcwiwPZ e¨w³i KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv †m¨vkvj Gwcø‡Kkb e¨env‡ii Aby‡iva G‡j wbwðZ bv n‡q Zv‡Z
wK¬K bv Kiv|
16. wj¼ wK¬‡K mZK©Zvt aiæb Avcbv‡K †KD GKRb GKUv wj¼ w`j, wKš‘ Avcbv‡K †mB wj‡¼ wK¬K Kivi
Av‡M †ek K‡qKevi wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ| †hgb Ggb nj GUv wdwks wj¼, ev KzwK wówjs w¯ŒÞ ev wec`RbK wKQz, hv
Avcbvi †h‡Kvb cÖvB‡fwm fvs‡Z cv‡i| †g‡mR/B-‡gB‡j bvbv cÖ‡jvfb †`Lv‡bv †gBj Avm‡Z cv‡i| Avevi A‡bK
†gB‡j bvbv Adv‡ii wjsK Av‡m| †gB‡j AcwiwPZ wKsev cwiwPZ †Kv‡bv Drm †_‡K Avmv wjs‡K wK¬K Kiv †_‡K
weiZ _vKzb| †Kv‡bv ¯c¨vg ev wdwks B-‡gB‡ji wjs‡K wK¬K Ki‡jI Ggb †Kv‡bv mvB‡U P‡j †h‡Z cv‡ib, †hLvb
†_‡K ¯^qswµqfv‡e g¨vjIq¨vi WvDb‡jvW n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK Ggb †Kv‡bv fzqv mvB‡U P‡j †h‡Z cv‡ib, hv `iKvwi
cvmIqvW© nvwZ‡q wb‡Z cv‡i| Gme wjs‡K wK¬K Ki‡j ¯c¨vgvi eyS‡Z cv‡i, †KD dvu‡` cv w`‡q‡Q| B-‡gB‡j Avmv
wjs‡Ki g‡ZvB †dmey‡K jvBK msMÖn K‡i, Ggb wjsK¸‡jvq wK¬K Kiv †_‡KI weiZ _vKzb| AvB‡dvb †RZvi
Advi wKsev †Kv‡bv wbh©vZ‡bi wfwWI †`wL‡q gšÍe¨ ev †kqvi Ki‡Z †hme wjs‡K ejv nq, †m¸‡jv Gwo‡q
†h‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv| 40
17. GWvë mvBU †_‡K mZK© _vKvt GB mKj mvBU e¨env‡ii mgq A‡bK Z_¨ ev Gwcø‡Kkb P‡j Av‡m ev
Avcbv‡K eøvK‡gBj Ki‡Z cv‡i ev Avcbvi wWfvB‡mi Z_¨ Pzwi Ki‡Z cv‡i hv Avcbvi wbivcËv wewNœZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i| ZvB Gme mvBU e¨envi †_‡K m¤c~b© weiZ _vKvB n‡”Q wbivc` _vKvi me‡P‡q eo †KŠkj| GQvovI kiqx
I ˆbwZKZvi w`K †_‡K Gme mvBU †`Lv ev e¨envi m¤c~Y© wbwl×|
18. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi I‡qemvB‡U cÖvmw½Kfv‡e e¨enviKvixiv Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ Z_¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb| Z‡e
Avcbvi eÜyi ZvwjKvq bZzb Kviv hy³ n‡”Qb j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
19. †h‡Kvb cøvUd‡g© wb‡Ri AvBwW‡K wbivc` ivLvi Rb¨ GKwU †gvevBj bv¤^vi w`‡q †fwidvB K‡i ivLv †h‡Z
cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î wb‡Ri cwiwPZ bv¤^vi e¨env‡i A¯^w¯’‡eva n‡j Kg cwiwPZ bv¤^vi w`‡q †fwidvB Kiæb|
20. Avcbvi cwiev‡ii Ab¨‡`i Qwe Ges cvwievwiK Qwe¸‡jv mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKzb|
21. †jv‡Kkb †PK Bb †`qv, †hLv‡b †mLv‡b †mjwd, ågYiZ Ae¯’vq †cv÷ †kqvi, A‡b¨i GKvD‡›U †cv÷,
me wel‡q gZvgZ cÖ`vb, MÖæc Qwe †kqvi, fwel¨r cøvwbs †kqvi Kiv BZ¨vw` wel‡q h_vm¤¢e weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges
m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
22. cwiwPZ‡`i mv‡_ Bbe‡· K_v †kl nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †g‡mR wWwjU K‡i w`b| (cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Ab¨
Dcv‡q †hgb wm‡µU B‡gBj G ivL‡Z cv‡ib)|
23. †h †Kvb Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb n‡Z weiZ _vKzb hv Avcbvi †MvcbxqZv bó Ki‡e! Avcbvi AvBwW n¨vK bv
n‡jI hvi mv‡_ Avcwb Z_¨ †kqvi K‡i‡Qb Zvi AvBwW n¨vK n‡ebv Gi M¨vivw›U †bB|
24. †gvevB‡j ivR‰bwZK †Kvb WKz‡g›U/Qwe bv ivLvB fv‡jv|
25. †µwWU KvW© n‡”Q †Mvcb I ¯ck©KvZi welq| †µwWU Kv‡W©i Z_¨ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g †`Iqv
†Kv‡bvfv‡eB wbivc` bq| Z‡e wewfbœ I‡qemvB‡U †µwWU Kv‡W©i Z_¨ †`Iqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡¶‡Î cÖwZôvb
wKsev I‡qemvBU ey‡SB w`‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Avcbvi †`Iqv Z_¨ Zv‡`i Kv‡Q myiw¶Z _v‡K|
26. †Mvcb I ¯ck©KvZi Z_¨/dvBj B‡gBj Kivi mgq A_ev wb‡Ri wWfvB‡m ivLvi mgq †m‡fbwRc ev Ab¨
†Kvb mdUIq¨vi w`‡q kw³kvjx cvmIqv‡W©i gva¨‡g Gbwµc‡UW K‡i ivLyb|
27. I‡cb IqvB-dvB ev webv g~‡j¨i IqvB-dvB †c‡jB Svuwc‡q cov wVK bq, SzuwK‡Z co‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|
A‡bK mgq mvBevi `ye©…Ëiv cwiwPZ †bUIqv‡K©i bvg w`‡q IqvB-dvB nU¯cU ˆZwi K‡i iv‡L| †Kv‡bv †bUIqvK©
cwiwPZ n‡jI Zv‡Z Avw_©K †jb‡`b, †KbvKvUv Kiv wVK n‡e bv| G Qvov †hme mvB‡U jMBb Kivi `iKvi c‡o,
†m¸‡jvq Db¥y³ IqvB-dvB †bUIqv‡K© wek¦vm K‡i †XvKv wVK n‡e bv| m¤¢e n‡j wfwcGb e¨envi Kiæb|
B›Uvi‡b‡U wkï-wK‡kvi mšÍv‡bi wbivcËvq evev-gv‡qi KiYxq
†dmeyK ev †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g ARvbv-A‡Pbv ZiæY-ZiæYx KZ KvQvKvwQ ev ÔAvcbÕ n‡q hvq, †mLv‡b †bB †Kv‡bv
eskcwiPq I a‡g©i cv_©K¨| G‡Z A‡bK cwiev‡i wec` †b‡g Av‡m, hv KvUv‡bvi †Kv‡bv c_ _v‡K bv| G †¶‡Î
A‡bK mgq nZvkv, cÖZviYv, e¨_©Zv I †¶v‡f †Q‡j‡g‡qiv gv`K‡bkvq Avm³ n‡q c‡o| ejv evûj¨ G Ae¯’vq
cwieviwU‡Z †Kv‡bv kvwšÍ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖhyw³i †bvsiv wkKvi n‡q eû cwievi Ges †Q‡j‡g‡q, QvÎQvÎx I
ZiæY-ZiæYx wec‡_ cvwo w`‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| †dmey‡K Akøxj fvlvq P¨vU Kiv, B-‡gB‡j ûgwK I
cÖZviYv, Av‡Rev‡R †jLv cvVv‡bv, wg_¨v K‡g›U Kivi gva¨‡g AwZ mn‡R †Q‡j‡g‡qiv `ªæZ cÖZviK‡`i Là‡i c‡o
hvq| G Qvov †gvevBj †dv‡b wgmKj w`‡q wei³ Kiv, AcwiwPZ b¤^‡i †dvb K‡i †cÖ‡gi Awfbq, Av‡Rev‡R †g‡mR
cvVv‡bvmn bvbvfv‡e D˨³ Kiv n‡”Q QvÎQvÎx I ZiæY-ZiæYx‡`i| cÖhyw³i GB †bvsiv wkKvi n‡q hyemgvR I
wK‡kvi‡`i g‡a¨ Aciva cÖeYZv e„w× cv‡”Q| GR‡b¨ Kibxq-
1. †mj‡dvb gwbUwis A¨vc w`‡q wK‡kvi mšÍv‡bi GmGgGm I GgGgGm ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb
2. mšÍv‡bi gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi ¶wZKi A¨vc¸‡jv eøK K‡i w`b
3. Zv‡`i B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi wbqwgZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb
4. Avcbvi AbygwZ Qvov †hb mšÍv‡biv AbjvB‡b wKQz wKb‡Z ev †Kv‡bv A¨vc bv bvgv‡Z cv‡i, †m e¨e¯’v K‡i
ivLyb|
5. wkï wK‡kviiv B›Uvi‡b‡U Kxfv‡e mgq e¨q K‡i Zv Rvbyb
6. m¤¢e n‡j mevB †`L‡Z cvq Ggb †Kv_vI Kw¤cDUvi ivLyb
7. gv‡Sg‡a¨ Zv‡`i gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi Qwe I wfwWI LwZ‡q †`Lyb
8. †gvevBj I Kw¤cDUv‡i Zv‡`i mgq bó Kiv ax‡i ax‡i Kgv‡Z †Póv Kwi| iv‡Zi †ejv wVKg‡Zv Nygv‡Z
hvq wK bv ev Zv‡`i Nyg wVKg‡Zv nq wK bv ev Zv bv n‡j †Q‡j‡g‡qiv †hb Ny‡gi U¨ve‡jU ev cieZ©xKv‡j
gv`‡K Avm³ bv nq, †m w`‡K j¶ ivLvi weKí †bB|

c„ôv| 41
wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i AwZwi³ cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii AcKvwiZv
1. A¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxebhvcb: we‡klÁiv `vex K‡ib †hme wkïi M¨v‡R‡Ui cÖwZ †SuvK _v‡K Zviv †Pv‡Li mgm¨v, wc‡Vi
e¨v_vi g‡Zv KZ¸‡jv kvixwiK mgm¨vq †fv‡M| G¸‡jvi m‡½ AwaK mgq KvUv‡bvi d‡j Zv‡`i kvixwiK Kvh©µg
e¨vnZ nq Ges Zviv †gvUv‡mvUv n‡q hvq|

2. mvgvwRKfv‡e Abyc‡hvMx: †h wkï mvivw`b wbR wbR wWfvBm wb‡q e‡m _v‡K Zviv Ab¨ gvby‡li m‡½ ms‡hvM m„wó
Ki‡Z evavMÖ¯’ nq| Zviv wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii evB‡i KviI m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva‡g¨ hZ ¯^vfvweK
AvPiY K‡i ev¯Íe Rxe‡b ZZB A¯^vfvweK AvPiY K‡i|

3. ˆbwZKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K|

4. wkï †hŠb wbcxob ev PvBì GweD‡mi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i|

"Science without religion is lame,

religion without science is blind."
- Albert Einstein

c„ôv| 42