Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 220

Report of the Committee on Renato R. Molina, The RJA Group, Incorporated, FL [SE]
Building Construction Alt. to Daniel F. Gemeny
Dennis L. Pitts, American Forest & Paper Association, TX [M]
Alt. to Sam W. Francis
Chair Stephen V. Skalko, Portland Cement Association, GA [M]
Alt. to Joseph J. Messersmith
Peter J. Willse, GE Global Asset Protection Services, CT [I] Robert B. Treiber, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Incorporated, OH
[M]
Principal Alt. to Kevin J. Kelly
Peter J. Barbadoro, FireSmart Building Technology Incorporated, MA [IM] Ronald R. Walker, Charlevoix, MI [M]
Jesse J. Beitel, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to Joseph T. Holland
Robert M. Berhinig, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT]
David S. Collins, The Preview Group, Incorporated, OH [SE] Staff Liaison: Bonnie E. Manley
Rep. American Institute of Architects
Richard J. Davis, FM Global, MA [I] Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for
Rep. FM Global/FM Research documents on the selection and design of types of building construction,
Alan J. Dopart, Willis of NJ, NJ [I] exterior walls, building height and area, firewalls, and fire barrier walls, as
Victor L. Dubrowski, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] they relate to the protection of life and property from fire.
Bruce A. Edwards, Liberty Mutual Property, MA [I]
Rep. Alliance of American Insurers This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on
Byron (BJ) Foster, State of California, CA [E] the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have
David Frable, US General Services Administration, IL [U] occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book.
Sam W. Francis, American Forest & Paper Association, PA [M]
Daniel F. Gemeny, The RJA Group, Incorporated, CA [SE] The Technical Committee on Building Construction is presenting two
Joseph T. Holland, III, Hoover Treated Wood Products, FL [M] Reports for adoption, as follows:
Gerald Kelliher, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., SC [U]
Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Report I: The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, amendments
Joseph J. Messersmith, Jr., Portland Cement Association, VA [M] to NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 1999 edition.
Kathleen Reid, Intel Corporation, NM [U] NFPA 220-1999 is published in Volume 7 of the 2003 National Fire Codes
Rep. Semiconductor Industry Association and in separate pamphlet form.
Sarah A. Rice, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, OH [I]
Brad Schiffer, Brad Schiffer/Taxis, Incorporated, FL [SE] NFPA 220 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee
Robert A. Wessel, Gypsum Association, DC [M] on Building Construction, which consists of 23 voting members. The results
Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the
report.
Voting Alternate Report II: The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, a complete
Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Incorporated, CA [M] revision to NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls,
Voting Alt. to W.R. Grace Rep. 2000 edition. NFPA 221-2000 is published in Volume 7 of the 2003 National
Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Alternate When adopted this document will be retitled, Standard for High Challenge
Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls.
Robert G. Backstrom, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT]
Alt. to Robert M. Berhinig NFPA 221 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee
Brenda L. Bronson, US General Services Administration, CO [U] on Building Construction, which consists of 23 voting members. The results
Alt. to David Frable of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the
Michael A. Gardner, Gypsum Association, DC [M] report.
Alt. to Robert A. Wessel
William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [U]
Alt. to Kathleen Reid

220-1
Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 220
_________________________________________________________ for design, and installation of building construction features. The NFPA
220-1 Log #6 BLD-BLC Final Action: Accept in Principle fire code contains the maintenance requirements. This document is now
( Entire Document ) superfluous.
_________________________________________________________ Committee Meeting Action: Reject
Submitter: Jesse J. Beitel, Hughes Assoc., Inc. Committee Statement: The Technical Committee chose to reject the
Recommendation: Make NFPA 220 an extract of NFPA 5000. proposal. The Standards Council, in Decision #03-7-27, directed that the
Delete Chapter 1 general and replace with Chapter 1 Administration Technical Committee develop NFPA 220 as an extract document of NFPA
(Extract of NFPA 5000, Chapter 1). 5000, Section 7.2. Consequently, the Technical Committee chose to support
Delete Chapter 2 Definitions and replace with Chapter 2 References. Proposal 220-1 (Log #6), which modifies the technical content of NFPA 220
Delete Chapter 3 Types of Construction and replace with Chapter 3 to match the A2005 ROP draft of NFPA 5000, Section 7.2.
Definition (Extract of NFPA 5000, Chapter 3) Number Eligible to Vote: 23
Add Chapter 4 Types of Building Construction (Extract of NFPA 5000, Ballot Results: Affirmative: 17 Negative: 1 Abstain: 1
Section 7.2, as modified in the Task Group Public Proposal. Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL
Delete Annex B Explanation of Negative:
Delete Annex C WILLS: The proponents for 220-2 (Log #2) and 220-3 (Log #5) are correct.
Delete Annex D The NFPA 220 document had a purpose prior to the development of the
Substantiation: The Standards Council, in meeting Minutes Item #03-7-27 NFPA 5000 Building Code. It is now superfluous. NFPA shouldnʼt waste
directed that the Task Group on NFPA 220 develop NFPA 220 as an extract Technical Committee time developing duplicative extract documents as a
document of NFPA 5000, Section 7.2. This task group proposal modifies technical function. If documents such as this are deemed necessary, they can
the technical content of NFPA 220 to match the A2005 ROP draft of NFPA be assembled editorially.
5000, Section 7.2. It is assumed that the Administration, Reference and Explanation of Abstention:
Definition sections of NFPA 220 will be modified substantially and brought FRANCIS: I ABSTAIN on 220-2 (Log #2) because I believe 220-3 (Log #5)
into line with NFPA 5000 and the Manual of Style as well. is much more eloquent and technically superior to this proposal. However,
Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle this proposal is right on target so I cannot vote against it!
Make NFPA 220 an extract of NFPA 5000.
Delete Chapter 1 General and replace with Chapter 1 Administration __________________________________________________________
(Source: NFPA MOS boilerplate). 220-3 Log #5 BLD-BLC Final Action: Reject
Delete Chapter 2 Definitions and replace with Chapter 2 References (as ( Entire Document )
appropriate). __________________________________________________________
Delete Chapter 3 Types of Construction and replace with Chapter 3 Submitter: Sam W. Francis, American Forest & Paper Association
Definitions (as appropriate). Recommendation: Withdraw the entire document.
Add new Chapter 4, Types of Building Construction (Source: extract of Substantiation: The requirements in NFPA 203, NFPA 220, NFPA 221, and
NFPA 5000, Section 7.2-7.2.6, as modified in Committee Proposal 5000-307 NFPA 703 are redundant with the requirements of the NFPA 5000, Building
(Log #CP901)). Code. Having parallel requirements located in competing documents creates
Add Chapter 5, Fire Resistance Rating Requirements for Structural conflict and confusion. These documents were created to provide building
Elements (Source: extract of NFPA 5000, Section 7.2.7, as modified in code type guidance when no such NFPA code existed.
Committee Proposal 5000-307 (Log #CP901)) Committee Meeting Action: Reject
Modify Annex A as appropriate. Committee Statement: See committee statement on Proposal 220-2 (Log
Delete Annex B #2).
Delete Annex C Number Eligible to Vote: 23
Delete Annex D Ballot Results: Affirmative: 17 Negative: 2
See preprint at the end of this report. Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL
Committee Statement: Based upon the action taken by the Technical Explanation of Negative:
Committee in Committee Proposal 5000-307 (Log #CP901), the Technical FRANCIS: I ballot NEGATIVE on 220-3 (Log #5). This log should be
Committee has further refined the layout of the document to reflect the accepted as submitted! There is no need for the document to continue to
addition of a separate chapter for Fire Resistance Rating Requirements exist. When NFPA developed a building code, it obliviated the need for
for Structural Elements, which is found in NFPA 5000, Section 7.2.7. For individual documents with pieces and/or parts of building code items in
additional information, see preprint at the end of this report. them. This is one of those documents. It is also a violation of ANSI rules to
Number Eligible to Vote: 23 develop two standards regulating the same material. In the case of NFPA 220
Ballot Results: Affirmative: 16 Negative: 3 and NFPA 5000 they are not exactly identical and therefore exacerbate the
Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL conflict. Having this material extracted from one standard into the other only
Explanation of Negative: adds another layer of confusion to this problem of multiple regulations. The
FRANCIS: I ballot NEGATIVE on 220-1 (Log #6). There is no need clear solution is to withdraw this standard.
for the document to continue to exist. When NFPA developed a building WILLS: The proponents for 220-2 (Log #2) and 220-3 (Log #5) are correct.
code, it obliviated the need for individual documents with pieces and/or The NFPA 220 document had a purpose prior to the development of the
parts of building code items in them. This is one of those documents. It NFPA 5000 Building Code. It is now superfluous. NFPA shouldnʼt waste
is also a violation of ANSI rules to develop two standards regulating the Technical Committee time developing duplicative extract documents as a
same material. In the case of NFPA 220 and NFPA 5000 they are not technical function. If documents such as this are deemed necessary, they can
exactly identical and therefore exacerbate the conflict. Having this material be assembled editorially.
extracted from one standard into the other only adds another layer of
confusion to this problem of multiple regulations. The clear solution is to __________________________________________________________
withdraw this standard. 220-4 Log #CP2 BLD-BLC Final Action: Accept in Principle
MESSERSMITH: The second sentence of Section 1.1 (Scope) states that: ( 2.1 Definitions (GOT) )
“Fire walls; nonbearing exterior walls, nonbearing interior partitions; fire __________________________________________________________
barrier walls; shaft enclosures; and openings in walls, partitions, floors, and Submitter: Technical Committee on Building Construction
roofs are not related to the types of building construction and are regulated Recommendation: Adopt the preferred definitions from the NFPA Glossary
by other standards and codes, where appropriate.” of Terms for the following terms:
There are several instances where the provisions address nonbearings Limited-Combustible Material. (preferred) NFPA 96, 2001 ed.
walls, including the following sections: 4.3.1.11, 4.3.2.12, 4.4.2.3, 4.5.6.3, and As applied to a material of construction, any material that does not meet
4.5.6.8. In addition, the last two lines of Table 4.1.1 cover nonbearing walls. the definition of noncombustible, as stated elsewhere in this section, and that,
Either the scope needs to be changed, or the provisions that not within the in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 8141
scope need to be removed. kJ/kg (3,500 Btu/lb) when tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard
THORNBERRY: I agree with Jim Messersmithʼs negative. Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and also meets one of
the following subparagraphs (a) or (b). (a) Materials having a structural base
_________________________________________________________ of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of
220-2 Log #2 BLD-BLC Final Action: Reject 3.2 mm ( in.) that has a flame spread rating not greater than 50, when tested
( Entire Document ) in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning
_________________________________________________________ Characteristics of Building Materials. (b) Materials, in the form and thickness
Submitter: Joseph T. Holland, III, Hoover Treated Wood Products used and not described by (a) above, having neither a flame spread rating
Recommendation: Withdraw document. greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and having
Substantiation: Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the
responsibility for documents on the design, installation, and maintenance of material in any plane have neither a flame spread rating greater than 25 nor
building construction features not covered by other NFPA committees. This evidence of continued progressive combustion, when tested in accordance
Committee does not cover building code requirements, exits, protection at with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics
openings, vaults, air conditioning, blower systems, etc., which are handled of Building Materials.
by other committees. Limited-Combustible Material. (secondary) NFPA 220, 1999 ed.
The scope of the committee sums up the reason to withdraw this document. A building construction material not complying with the definition of
The NFPA building code has been approved. It contains the requirements noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential

220-2
Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 220
heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb (8141 kJ/kg), where tested in accordance __________________________________________________________
with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building 220-6 Log #3 BLD-BLC Final Action: Accept in Principle
Materials, and complies with (a) or (b): (a) Materials having a structural ( 3.1 and 3.2 )
base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness __________________________________________________________
of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50; and Submitter: Joseph T. Holland, III, Hoover Treated Wood Products
(b) Materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (a), Recommendation: Add new paragraph: under 3.1
having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued “Fire retardant treated wood shall be permitted in Type I buildings in
progressive combustion and of such composition that surfaces that would be accordance with NFPA 5000 Section 7.2.3.2.”
exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would have neither a Add new paragraph under 3.2
flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive “Fire retardant treated wood shall be permitted in Type II buildings in
combustion. (Materials subject to increase in combustibility or flame accordance with NFPA 5000 Section 7.2.3.2.”
spread index beyond the limits herein established through the effects of age, Substantiation: There is a conflict with the NFPA building code. FRTW
moisture, or other atmospheric condition shall be considered combustible.) has enjoyed many uses in Type I building for 35 years. There is not reason to
Substantiation: Adoption of preferred definitions will assist the user by not recognize its use in this standard.
providing consistent meaning of defined terms throughout the National Fire Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle
Codes. See committee action and statement on Proposal 220-1 (Log #6).
Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Committee Statement: The action taken by the committee on Proposal 220-
Revise text to read as follows: 1 (Log #6), meets the proponentʼs intent. Requirements permitting the use of
Limited Combustible Material. Refers to a building construction material fire-retardant treated wood in Type I and Type II construction will be brought
not complying with the definition of noncombustible that, in the form in into NFPA 220 through the extract of Chapter 7 of NFPA 5000.
which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 8141 kJ/kg (3500 Number Eligible to Vote: 23
Btu/lb), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Ballot Results: Affirmative: 19
Potential Heat of Building Materials, and includes either of the following: Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL
(1) materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with Comment on Affirmative:
a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) that has a flame FRANCIS: I ballot AFFIRMATIVE on 220-6 (Log #3) but I have the
spread index not greater than 50 following comments to make: the corrections to the requirements in this
(2) materials, in the form and thickness used having neither a flame spread proposal are OK but the whole set of requirements belongs in NFPA 5000.
index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion, and Support 220-3 (Log #5).
of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through
the material on any plane would have neither a flame spread index greater __________________________________________________________
than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion, when tested in 220-7 Log #4 BLD-BLC Final Action: Accept in Principle
accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning ( 3.3 and 3.4 )
Characteristics of Building Materials, or ASTM E 84. __________________________________________________________
Committee Statement: The Technical Committee added the reference to Submitter: Joseph T. Holland, III, Hoover Treated Wood Products
NFPA 255 and ASTM E 84 to the definition for further clarification of the Recommendation: Add new paragraph: under 3.3
requirements. This proposal matches a similar recommendation made by the “Fire retardant treated wood shall be permitted in Type III buildings in
Technical Committee in Proposal 5000-212 (Log #CP907). accordance with NFPA 5000 Section 7.2.4.2.1.”
Number Eligible to Vote: 23 Add new paragraaph under 3.4.7.
Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Abstain: 1 “Fire retardant treated wood shall be permitted in Type IV buildings in
Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL accordance with NFPA 5000 Section 7.2.5.6.7.”
Explanation of Abstention: Substantiation: There is a conflict with the NFPA building code. FRTW
FRANCIS: I ABSTAIN on 220-4 (Log #CP2). There is no need for the has enjoyed these uses in Type III and IV building for 35 years. There is no
document to continue to exist. When NFPA developed a building code, reason to not recognize its use in this standard.
it oblivated the need for individual documents with pieces and/or parts of Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle
building code items in them. This is one of those documents. It is also See committee action and statement on Proposal 220-1 (Log #6).
a violation of ANSI rules to develop two standards regulating the same Committee Statement: The action taken by the committee on Proposal 220-
material. In the case of NFPA 220 and NFPA 5000 they are not exactly 1 (Log #6), meets the proponentʼs intent. Requirements permitting the use
identical and therefore exacerbate the conflict. Having this material extracted of fire-retardant treated wood in Type III and Type IV construction will be
from one standard into the other only adds another layer of confusion to brought into NFPA 220 through the extract of Chapter 7 of NFPA 5000.
this problem of multiple regulations. The clear solution is to withdraw this Number Eligible to Vote: 23
standard. Support 220-3 (Log #5). Ballot Results: Affirmative: 19
Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL
__________________________________________________________ Comment on Affirmative:
220-5 Log #1 BLD-BLC Final Action: Reject FRANCIS: I ballot AFFIRMATIVE on 220-7 (Log #4) but I have the
( 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4.1 ) following comments to make: the corrections to the requirements in this
__________________________________________________________ proposal are OK but the whole set of requirements belongs in NFPA 5000.
Submitter: Michael J. Vitacco, Jr., Westinghouse Savannah River Co. Support 220-3 (Log #5).
Recommendation: In each of these sections, insert the words “load-bearing”
prior to the words “structural members.” __________________________________________________________
Substantiation: The intent of Table 3-1, and also the scope of this Standard 220-8 Log #7 BLD-BLC Final Action: Reject
applies to the fire rating requirements of bearing structural members under ( D.1.2.2 )
an imposed loading. Non-Bearing structural elements are covered in other __________________________________________________________
NFPA standards such as NFPA 285 for exterior nonbearing walls. The Submitter: Robert J. Eugene, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
requirements of these sections are intended to apply to structural members Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows:
under an imposed load. Therefore, the complete term “load bearing structural D-1.2.2 UL Publications.
members” is more specific and appropriate. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.
Committee Meeting Action: Reject UL 263, Standard for Safety Fire Tests of Building construction and
Committee Statement: The Technical Committee chose to reject this Materials, Eleventh Edition, 1992 2003.
proposal. It seems unnecessary to insert this language and may not be UL 723, Standard for Safety Test for surface Burning Characteristics of
appropriate in all cases. Building Materials, Seventh Edition, 1993 2003.
Number Eligible to Vote: 23 Substantiation: Update standards to current editions.
Ballot Results: Affirmative: 19 Committee Meeting Action: Reject
Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL Committee Statement: The Technical Committee chose to reject this
proposal. The annexes were deleted in the committee action on Proposal 220-
1 (Log #6).
Number Eligible to Vote: 23
Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Abstain: 1
Vote Not Returned: 4 BARBADORO, FOSTER, GEMENY, WESSEL
Explanation of Abstention:
FRANCIS: I ABSTAIN on 220-8 (Log #7). See 220-2 (Log #2) and 220-3
(Log #5).

220-3
Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 220
Note: The following draft of NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building NFPA 285, Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Flammability
Construction incorporates the Committee Actions on the Public Proposals Characteristics of Exterior Non-Load-Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing
which make up the Report on Proposals and which appear on the Combustible Components Using the Intermediate-Scale, Multistory Test
preceding pages. The draft is presented only as an aid to the reviewer. Apparatus, 1998 edition.
NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, 2003 edition.
NFPA 220 2.3 Other Publications.
Standard on 2.3.1 ASTM Publications. American Society for Testing and Materials, 100
Types of Building Construction Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
2005 Edition ASTM E 84, Standard Test Method of Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials, 2003b.
ASTM E 119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a and Materials, 2000a.
paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be
found in Annex A. ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
Tube Furnace at 750°C, 1999e1.
Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2. 2.3.2 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062.
Chapter 1 Administration
UL 263, Standard for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials,
1.1* Scope. This standard defines types of building construction based on the 2003.
combustibility and the fire resistance rating of a buildingʼs structural elements. UL 1820, Standard for Safety Fire Test of Pneumatic Tubing for Flame and
Fire walls; nonbearing exterior walls; nonbearing interior partitions; fire Smoke Characteristics, 1999.

T
barrier walls; shaft enclosures; and openings in walls, partitions, floors, and
roofs are not related to the types of building construction and are regulated by UL 1887, Standard for Safety Fire Test of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Flame
other standards and codes, where appropriate. and Smoke Characteristics, 1999.

IN
UL 2024, Standard for Safety Optical-Fiber Cable Raceway, 2002.
1.2 Purpose. This standard provides definitions for standard types of building
construction. UL 2043, Standard for Safety Fire Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
for Discrete Products and Their Accessories Installed in Air-Handling
1.3 Application. (Reserved) Spaces, 2001.

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1.4 Retroactivity Chapter 3 Definitions
1.4.1 The provisions of this standard reflect a consensus of what is necessary 3.1* General. The definitions contained in Chapter 3 shall apply to the terms

P
to provide an acceptable degree of protection from the hazards addressed in used in this standard. Where terms are not included in Chapter 3, common
this standard at the time the standard was issued. usage of the term shall apply.
1.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this standard shall not

E
apply to facilities, equipment, structures, or installations that existed or were 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
approved for construction or installation prior to the effective date of the stan-
dard. Where specified, the provisions of this standard shall be retroactive. 3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

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1.4.3 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction determines that 3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The organization, office, or
the existing situation presents an unacceptable degree of risk, the authority individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a

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having jurisdiction shall be permitted to apply retroactively any portions of procedure.
this standard deemed appropriate.
3.2.3* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published
1.4.4 The retroactive requirements of this standard shall be permitted to be by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and
modified if their application clearly would be impractical in the judgment of concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic
the authority having jurisdiction, and only where it is clearly evident that a inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic
reasonable degree of safety is provided. evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment,
1.5 Equivalency. material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested
and found suitable for a specified purpose.
1.5.1 Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of systems,
methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, 3.2.4 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this Standard.
3.2.5 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not
1.5.2 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having required.
jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or device shall
be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction. 3.2.6 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory
1.6 Units. provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and which is in
a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or
1.6.1 SI Units. Metric units in this standard are in accordance with the mod- code for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an
ernized metric system known as the International System of Units (SI). annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be considered a part of the
1.6.2 Primary and Equivalent Values. If a value for a measurement as requirements of a standard.
given in this standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the 3.3 General Definitions.
first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent
value might be approximate. 3.3.1* Fire Resistance Rating. The time, in minutes or hours, that materials
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure as established in accordance with
the test procedures of NFPA 251.
2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter
are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the 3.3.2* Flame Spread Index. A number obtained according to NFPA 255.
requirements of this document. 3.3.3 Limited Combustible Materal. Refers to a building construction
material not complying with the definition of noncombustible that, in the form
2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 8141 kJ/kg (3500
Park, Quincy, MA 01269-7471. Btu/lb), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259 and includes either of the
NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and following:
Ventilating Systems, 2002 edition.
(1) materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a
NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) that has a flame
Construction and Materials, 1999 edition. spread index not greater than 50
NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of (2) materials, in the form and thickness used having neither a flame spread
Building Materials, 2000 edition. index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion,
NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting
2003 edition. through the material on any plane would have neither a flame spread index
NFPA 262, Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion, when
and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces, 2002 edition. tested in accordance with NFPA 255 or ASTM E 84.

220-4
Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 220
3.3.4 Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form in which 4.3.2.4 Mezzanine Floors in Type II (000) Construction. Mezzanine floors
it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, in Type II(000) construction shall not be required to have a fire-resistance
support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or rating. [5000: 7.2.3.2.4]
heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136 are considered 4.3.2.5 Platforms. Permanent platforms shall be constructed of
noncombustible materials. noncombustible or limited-combustible materials. [5000: 7.2.3.2.5]
Chapter 4 Types of Construction
4.3.2.6 Space Beneath Platforms. When the space beneath any permanent
4.1 General. [5000: 7.2.1] platform is used for storage or any other purpose other than equipment, wiring,
4.1.1* Buildings and structures shall be classified according to their type of or plumbing, the floor construction shall have a fire resistance rating not less
construction, which shall be based upon one of five basic types of construction than 1-hour. [5000: 7.2.3.2.6]
designated as Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V, with fire 4.3.2.7 Fire Retardant–Treated Wood Platforms. Fire retardant–treated
resistance ratings not less than those specified in Table 4.1.1 and 4.3 through wood shall be permitted for permanent platforms that do not exceed 3000 ft 2
4.6 and with fire resistance ratings meeting the requirements of Chapter 5. (278 m2) in area, that are not more than 30 in. (760 mm) above the floor and
[5000: 7.2.1.1] do not occupy more than 50 percent of the floor area of the room or space in
4.1.2 Where two or more types of construction are used in the same building, which they are located. [5000: 7.2.3.2.7]
the entire building shall be classified as the least type of construction in the 4.3.2.8 Roofs 20 ft (6 m) or More Above Any Floor. In occupancies other
building and shall be subject to the requirements for that type, except as than mercantile, industrial, or storage occupancies with ordinary or high
permitted by other provisions of NFPA 5000. [5000: 7.2.1.2] hazard contents, or other occupancies with high hazard contents exceeding
4.1.3 Requirements for specific materials, types of construction, and fire the maximum allowable quantities per control area as set forth in NFPA 5000
protection shall be minimum requirements, and any material, type of 34.1.3, the fire resistive protection of the roof-ceiling assembly required by
construction, or fire protection affording safety or a fire resistance rating equal Table 4.1.1 shall not be required where every part of the roof-ceiling assembly
to or greater than that provided in NFPA 5000 shall be permitted. Materials is 20 ft (6 m) or more above any floor immediately below. [5000: 7.2.3.2.8]
shall be in accordance with all of the following except as modified by any 4.3.2.9 Fire Retardant–Treated Wood Roof. [5000: 7.2.3.2.9]
special requirements in 4.3: [5000: 7.2.1.3]

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4.3.2.9.1 Fire retardant–treated wood members shall be permitted to be used
(1) NFPA 5000 Chapter 41, Concrete for unprotected members specified in 7.2.3.2.8. [5000: 7.2.3.2.9.1]
(2) NFPA 5000 Chapter 42, Aluminum 4.3.2.9.2 Fire retardant–treated wood shall be permitted for roof construction,

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(3) NFPA 5000 Chapter 43, Masonry including girders and trusses, under the following conditions:
(4) NFPA 5000 Chapter 44, Steel (1) In Type II buildings
(5) NFPA 5000 Chapter 45, Wood (2) In Type I buildings of two stories or less
(6) NFPA 5000 Chapter 46, Glass and Glazing (3) In Type I buildings over two stories when the vertical distance from the

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floor to the roof is 20 ft (6 m) or more [5000: 7.2.3.2.9.2]
(7) NFPA 5000 Chapter 47, Gypsum Board, Lath, and Plaster

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(8) NFPA 5000 Chapter 48, Plastics

Table 4.1.1 Fire Resistance Ratings for Type I through Type V Construction (hr)

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Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V
a 442 332 222 111 000 211 200 2HH 111 000
Exterior Bearing Walls
Supporting more than one floor, columns, or other bearing walls 4 3 2 1 0b 2 2 2 1 0b

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Supporting one floor only 4 3 2 1 0b 2 2 2 1 0b
Supporting a roof only 4 3 1 1 0 b 2 2 2 1 0b
Interior Bearing Walls

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Supporting more than one floor, columns, or other bearing walls 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 2 1 0
Supporting one floor only 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
Supporting roofs only 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
Columns
Supporting more than one floor, columns, or other bearing walls 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Supporting one floor only 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Supporting roofs only 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Beams, Girders, Trusses, and Arches
Supporting more than one floor, columns, or other bearing walls 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Supporting one floor only 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Supporting roofs only 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Floor-Ceiling Assemblies 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Roof-Ceiling Assemblies 2 1 1/2 1 1 0 1 0 H 1 0
Interior Nonbearing Walls 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Exterior Nonbearing Walls c 0 b 0 b 0 b 0 b 0 b 0 b 0b 0b 0b 0b
Note: H = heavy timber members (see text for requirements).
aSee NFPA 5000 7.3.2.1.
bSee NFPA 5000 Section 7.3.
cSee 4.3.2.12, 4.4.2.3, and 4.5.6.8.
[5000: Table 7.2.1.1]

4.2 Reserved. [5000: 7.2.2]

4.3 Type I (442 or 332) and Type II (222, 111, or 000) Construction. [5000: 4.3.2.10 Heavy Timber Structural Members. In all occupancies, heavy
7.2.3] timber structural members shall be permitted to be used for the roof
4.3.1 Type I and Type II Construction. Type I (442 or 332) and Type II (222, construction where a 1-hour or less fire resistance rating is required. [5000:
111, or 000) construction shall be those types in which the fire walls, structural 7.2.3.2.10]
elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs, are of approved noncombustible or 4.3.2.11 Interior Nonbearing Walls. [5000: 7.2.3.2.11]
limited-combustible materials. [5000: 7.2.3.1]
4.3.2.11.1 Interior nonbearing walls shall be constructed of noncombustible
4.3.2 Special Requirements—Type I and Type II Construction. The special or limited-combustible materials. [5000: 7.2.3.2.11.1]
requirements in 4.3.2.1 through 4.3.2.20 shall apply to Type I and Type II
construction. [5000: 7.2.3.2] 4.3.2.11.2 Interior nonbearing walls required to have a fire resistance rating
of 2 hours or less shall be permitted to be fire retardant–treated wood enclosed
4.3.2.1 Wood Sleepers. Where wood sleepers are used for installing wood within noncombustible or limited-combustible materials, provided such walls
flooring on noncombustible floors, the furring space shall be filled with are not used as shaft enclosures. [5000: 7.2.3.2.11.2]
noncombustible or limited-combustible material or shall be fireblocked so
that there will be no open space exceeding 100 ft 2 (9 m2) in area under the 4.3.2.12 Exterior Nonbearing Walls. Nonbearing exterior walls shall be
flooring. [5000: 7.2.3.2.1] constructed of noncombustible materials, limited-combustible materials, or
materials specified in 4.3.2.12.1 or 4.3.2.12.2. [5000: 7.2.3.2.12]
4.3.2.2 Sleeper Space. The furring spaces created by sleepers in 4.3.2.1 shall
be filled solidly under all permanent partitions to prevent spread of fire under 4.3.2.12.1 Fire retardant-treated wood shall be permitted in exterior
the flooring. [5000: 7.2.3.2.2] nonbearing walls when such walls are not required to have fire resistance
ratings. [5000: 7.2.3.2.12.1]
4.3.2.3 Mezzanine Floors in Type I, and Type II (222, 111) Construction.
Mezzanine floors in Type I and Type II (222, 111) construction shall have a fire 4.3.2.12.2 Exterior nonbearing walls tested in accordance with, and meeting
resistance rating of not less than 1-hour. [5000: 7.2.3.2.3] the conditions of, acceptance of NFPA 285 shall be permitted. [5000:
7.2.3.2.12.2]

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4.3.2.13 Combustible Materials. Combustible materials shall be permitted in 4.4.1 Type III Construction. Type III (211 or 200) construction shall be
accordance with the following: that type in which exterior walls and structural members that are portions
(1) Foam plastic insulation complying with NFPA 5000, Section 48.4 of exterior walls are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible
materials, and in which firewalls, interior structural elements, walls, arches,
(2) Metal composite material complying with NFPA 5000 7.3.11 floors, and roofs, are entirely or partially of wood of smaller dimensions than
(3) Thermal and acoustical insulation, other than foam plastic, complying required for Type IV construction or are of approved noncombustible, limited-
with NFPA 5000, Section 8.16 combustible, or other approved combustible materials. [5000: 7.2.4.1]
(4) Interior floor finish and interior finish, trim, and millwork such as doors, 4.4.2 Special Requirements—Type III Construction. The special
door frames, window sashes, and window frames requirements in 4.4.2.1 through 4.4.2.3 shall apply to Type III construction.
[5000: 7.2.4.2]
(5) Light-transmitting plastic complying with NFPA 5000 Section 48.7 and
Section 38.14 4.4.2.1 Fire Retardant–Treated Wood. Approved fire retardant–treated
wood framing shall be permitted within the assembly of exterior walls having
(6) Class A, Class B, or Class C roof coverings a required fire resistance rating of 2 hours or less and a horizontal separation
(7) Blocking [5000: 7.2.3.2.13] of not less than 5 ft (1.5 m), provided the fire resistance rating is maintained
and the exposed outer and inner faces of such walls are constructed of limited-
4.3.2.14 Ceiling and Raised Floor Plenums. The space between the top of combustible or noncombustible materials. [5000: 7.2.4.2.1]
the finished ceiling and the underside of the floor or roof above and the space
between the top of the finished floor and the underside of a raised floor shall be4.4.2.2 Heavy Timber. Wood columns and arches conforming to heavy
permitted to be used to supply air to the occupied area or return and exhaust timber sizes shall be permitted where exterior walls are required to have a
air from the occupied area, provided that the requirements of 4.3.2.15 through 1-hour fire resistance rating or less. [5000: 7.2.4.2.2]
4.3.2.20 are met. [5000: 7.2.3.2.14] 4.4.2.3 Exterior Nonbearing Walls. Exterior nonbearing walls tested in
4.3.2.15 Plenum Materials Combustibility. Materials exposed to the air- accordance with, and meeting the conditions of acceptance of, NFPA 285 shall
flow shall be noncombustible or limited combustible and have a maximum be permitted. [5000: 7.2.4.2.3]
smoke developed index of 50 or comply with the following. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6] 4.5 Type IV (2HH) Construction. [5000: 7.2.5]

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[5000: 7.2.3.2.15] 4.5.1 Type IV Construction. Type IV (2HH) construction shall be that type
4.3.2.15.1 Electrical wires and cables and optical fiber cables shall be listed in which firewalls, exterior walls, and interior bearing walls and structural
as noncombustible or limited combustible and have a maximum smoke devel- elements that are portions of such walls, are of approved noncombustible or

IN
oped index of 50 or shall be listed as having a maximum peak optical density limited-combustible materials. Other interior structural elements, arches,
of 0.5 or less, an average optical density of 0.15 or less, and a maximum flame floors, and roofs, shall be of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces
spread distance of 1.5 m (5 ft) or less when tested in accordance with NFPA and shall comply with the allowable dimensions of 4.5.5. [5000: 7.2.5.1]
262. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6.1] [5000: 7.2.3.2.15.1] 4.5.2 Exterior Wall Separation. Exterior walls greater than 30 ft (9.1 m)

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from the property line shall be permitted to be of heavy timber construction,
4.3.2.15.2 Pneumatic tubing for control systems shall be listed as having provided the 2-hour rating as required by Table 4.1.1 is maintained and such
a maximum peak optical density of 0.5 or less, an average optical density walls contain no combustible concealed spaces. [5000: 7.2.5.2]

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of 0.15 or less, and a maximum flame spread distance of 1.5 m (5 ft) or
less when tested in accordance with UL 1820. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6.2] [5000: 4.5.3 Interior Columns, Arches, Beams, Girders, and Trusses. Interior
7.2.3.2.15.2] columns, arches, beams, girders, and trusses of approved materials other

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than wood shall be permitted, provided they are protected to provide a fire
4.3.2.15.3 Nonferrous fire sprinkler piping shall be listed as having a maxi- resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. [5000: 7.2.5.3]
mum peak optical density of 0.5 or less, an average optical density of 0.15 or 4.5.4 Concealed Space. Certain concealed spaces shall be permitted in

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less, and a maximum flame spread distance of 1.5 m (5 ft) or less when tested accordance with 4.5.5.3(D). [5000: 7.2.5.4]
in accordance with UL 1887. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6.3] [5000: 7.2.3.2.15.3]
4.5.5 Type IV (2HH) Allowable Dimensions. All dimensions in 4.5.5 shall
be considered nominal. [5000: 7.2.5.5]

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4.3.2.15.4 Optical-fiber and communication raceways shall be listed as
having a maximum peak optical density of 0.5 or less, an average optical 4.5.5.1 Columns. [5000: 7.2.5.5.1]
density of 0.15 or less, and a maximum flame spread distance of 1.5 m (5 ft)
or less when tested in accordance with UL 2024. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6.4] [5000: (A) Wood columns supporting floor loads shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm)
7.2.3.2.15.4] in any dimension.
(B) Wood columns supporting only roof loads shall be not less than 6 in. (150
4.3.2.15.5 Loudspeakers and recessed lighting fixtures, including their mm) in width and not less than 8 in. (200 mm) in depth.
assemblies and accessories, shall be permitted in the ceiling cavity plenum
where listed as having a maximum peak optical density of 0.5 or less, an 4.5.5.2 Beams. [5000: 7.2.5.5.2]
average optical density of 0.15 or less, and a peak heat release rate of 100 kW (A) Wood beams and girders supporting floor loads shall be not less than 6 in.
or less when tested in accordance with UL 2043. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6.5] [5000: (150 mm) in width and not less than 10 in. (250 mm) in depth.
7.2.3.2.15.5] (B) Wood beams and girders and other roof framing supporting roof loads
4.3.2.15.6 Supplementary materials for air distribution systems shall be only shall be not less than 4 in. (100 mm) in width and not less than 6 in. (150
permitted when complying with the provisions of 4.3.3 of NFPA 90A. [90A: mm) in depth.
4.3.10.2.6.6] [5000: 7.2.3.2.15.6] 4.5.5.3 Arches. [5000: 7.2.5.5.3]
4.3.2.15.7 Smoke detectors shall not be required to meet the provisions of (A) Framed or glued laminated arches that spring from grade or the floor line
this section. [90A: 4.3.10.2.6.7] [5000: 7.2.3.2.15.7] and timber trusses that support floor loads shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm)
in width or depth.
4.3.2.16 Plenum Fire Stopping. The integrity of the fire stopping for (B) Framed or glued laminated arches for roof construction that spring from
penetrations shall be maintained. [5000: 7.2.3.2.16] grade or the floor line and do not support floor loads shall have members not
4.3.2.17 Plenum Light Diffusers. Light diffusers, other than those made of less than 6 in. (150 mm) in width and not less than 8 in. (200 mm) in depth for
metal or glass, used in air-handling light fixtures shall be listed and marked as the lower half of the member height and not less than 6 in. (150 mm) in depth
follows: for the upper half of the member height.
Fixture Light Diffusers for Air-Handling Fixtures [5000: (C) Framed or glued laminated arches for roof construction that spring from
7.2.3.2.17] the top of walls or wall abutments, and timber trusses that do not support floor
loads, shall have members not less than 4 in. (100 mm) in width and not less
4.3.2.18 Plenum Air Temperature. The temperature of air delivered to than 6 in. (150 mm) in depth.
plenums shall not exceed 250°F (121°C). [5000: 7.2.3.2.18]
(D) Spaced members shall be permitted to be composed of two or more pieces
4.3.2.19 Plenum Materials Exposure. Materials used in the construction not less than 3 in. (75 mm) in thickness where blocked solidly throughout their
of a plenum shall be suitable for continuous exposure to the temperature and intervening spaces or where such spaces are tightly closed by a continuous
humidity conditions of the environmental air in the plenum. [5000: 7.2.3.2.19] wood cover plate not less than 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness that is secured to the
4.3.2.20 Ceiling Plenum Tested Assembly. Where the plenum is a part of a underside of the members.
floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly that has been tested or investigated and 4.5.5.4 Splice Plates. Splice plates shall be not less than 3 in. (75 mm) in
assigned a fire resistance rating of 1 hour or more, and the assembly contains thickness. [5000: 7.2.5.5.4]
air ducts and openings for air ducts, all the materials and the construction of
the assembly, including the air duct materials and the size and protection of the 4.5.5.5 Floors. Floors shall be constructed of spline or tongue-and-groove
openings, shall conform with the design of the fire resistance–rated assembly, plank not less than 3 in. (75 mm) in thickness that is covered with 1-in. (25-
as tested in accordance with NFPA 251, ASTM E 119, or UL 263. [5000: mm) tongue-and-groove flooring, laid crosswise or diagonally to the plank, or
7.2.3.2.20] with 1/2-in. (12.5-mm) wood structural panel; or they shall be constructed of
laminated planks not less than 4 in. (100 mm) in width, set close together on
4.4 Type III (211 or 200) Construction. [5000: 7.2.4]

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edge, spiked at intervals of 18 in. (460 mm), and covered with 1-in. (25-mm) (1) Where columns require a fire resistance rating, the entire column,
tongue-and-groove flooring, laid crosswise or diagonally to the plank, or with including its connections to beams or girders, shall be individually
1/2-in. (12.5-mm) wood structural panel. [5000: 7.2.5.5.5] protected.
4.5.5.6 Roof Decks. Roof decks shall be constructed of spline or tongue-and- (2) Where the column extends through a ceiling, the fire-resistive protection
groove plank not less than 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness; or of laminated planks provided for the column shall be continuous from the top of the floor
not less than 3 in. (75 mm) in width, set close together on edge, and laid as through the ceiling space to the top of the column.
required for floors; or of 1 1/8-in. (28.5-mm) thick interior wood structural 5.6 The required thickness and construction of fire-resistive materials or
panel (exterior glue); or of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible assemblies enclosing trusses shall be based on one of the following: [5000:
materials of equivalent fire durability. [5000: 7.2.5.5.6] 7.2.7.6]
4.5.6 Special Requirements—Type IV Construction. The special (1) The results of full-scale tests or combinations of tests on truss components
requirements in 4.5.6.1 through 4.5.6.8 shall apply to Type IV construction.
[5000: 7.2.5.6] (2) Approved calculations based on such tests to verify that the assembly is
provided with the required fire resistance rating in accordance with NFPA
4.5.6.1 Structural Elements. Structural elements shall be of heavy timber 5000 8.2.3.
members (sawn or glued-laminated) or of fire resistance-rated construction
as set forth in Table 4.1.1 when materials other than heavy timber are used. 5.7 The fire resistance rating required for external structural elements, located
[5000: 7.2.5.6.1] beyond the perimeter of the building floor area, shall be permitted to be
calculated by using analytical methods in accordance with the provisions set
4.5.6.2 Columns, Arches, Beams, and Roof Decking. Where horizontal forth in NFPA 5000 8.2.3. [5000: 7.2.7.7]
separation of 20 ft (6 m) or more is provided, wood columns, arches, beams,
and roof decking conforming to the requirements for heavy timber in 4.5.5 5.8 Structural elements within exterior walls or located along the exterior
shall be permitted to be used on the exterior of the building. [5000: 7.2.5.6.2] perimeter of a building or structure shall have a fire resistance rating as
required by Table 4.1.1 for exterior bearing walls based on the type of
4.5.6.3 Partitions. Permanent partitions shall be permitted to be of solid wood construction. [5000: 7.2.7.8]
construction formed by not less than two layers of matched boards of 1-in. (25-
mm) nominal thickness or of 1-hour fire resistance–rated construction as set 5.9 Structural elements within an exterior wall located where openings are

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forth in Table 4.1.1. [5000: 7.2.5.6.3] not permitted, or where protection of openings is required in accordance with
NFPA 5000 7.3.5, shall have a fire resistance rating based on protection against
4.5.6.4 Floors. Floors shall be permitted to be of heavy timber, masonry, exterior fire exposure as required for exterior bearing walls or the structural
concrete, wood, or steel and shall be constructed as required in NFPA 5000

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element, whichever requires the greater fire resistance rating. [5000: 7.2.7.9]
Chapter 8. [5000: 7.2.5.6.4]
5.10 The edges of lugs, brackets, rivets, and bolt heads attached to structural
4.5.6.5 Roofs. Roofs of 1-hour fire resistance–rated construction shall be elements shall be permitted to extend to within 1 in. (25.4 mm) of the surface
permitted. [5000: 7.2.5.6.5] of the fire-resistive protection. [5000: 7.2.7.10]
4.5.6.6 Stairways. [5000: 7.2.5.6.6]

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5.11 Conduits, pipes, or ducts shall not be embedded within required fire-
4.5.6.6.1 Stairways shall be permitted to be constructed with wood treads and resistive protection of any structural elements requiring individual encasement
risers of not less than 2-in. (50-mm) nominal thickness. [5000: 7.2.5.6.6.1] to achieve the required fire resistance rating. [5000: 7.2.7.11]

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4.5.6.6.2 Where built-on, laminated or plank inclines are required for floors, 5.12 Fire-resistive materials covering columns required to have a fire
stairways shall be permitted to be 1-in. (25-mm) nominal thickness or shall resistance rating, where exposed to impact damage by moving vehicles,
be permitted to be constructed as required for buildings of Type I or Type II handling of merchandise, or by other means, shall be protected from damage.

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construction. [5000: 7.2.5.6.6.2] [5000: 7.2.7.12]
4.5.6.7 Exterior Walls. Approved fire retardant–treated wood framing shall Annex A Explanatory Material
Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is

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be permitted within the assembly of exterior walls having a required fire
resistance rating of 2 hours or less and a horizontal separation of not less than included for informational purposes only. This annex contains explanatory
5 ft (1.5 m), provided the fire resistance rating is maintained and the exposed material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text paragraphs.

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outer and inner faces of such walls are constructed of limited-combustible or A.1.1 It is necessary for the user to consider the influence of location,
noncombustible materials. [5000: 7.2.5.6.7] occupancy, exterior exposure, possibility of mechanical and physical damage
4.5.6.8 Exterior Nonbearing Walls. Exterior nonbearing walls tested in to fire-resistant material, and other features that could impose additional
accordance with, and meeting the conditions of, acceptance of NFPA 285 shall requirements for safeguarding life and property, as commonly covered in
be permitted. [5000: 7.2.5.6.8] building codes.
4.6 Type V (111 or 000) Construction. Type V (111 or 000) construction shall For information on the construction of fire walls and fire barrier walls, see
be that type in which structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are NFPA 221. For the installation of opening protection, see NFPA 80 and NFPA
entirely or partially of wood or other approved material. [5000: 7.2.6] 90A.
Chapter 5 Fire Resistance Rating Requirements for Structural Elements A.3.1 These definitions apply to the materials used in the construction of
5.1 Fire resistance protection shall be provided for structural elements as set buildings but do not apply to furnishings, the contents of buildings, or the fire
forth in Chapter 5. [5000: 7.2.7.1] hazard evaluation of materials.
5.2 Structural elements shall meet the requirements of 5.2.1 through 5.2.3. A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not
[5000: 7.2.7.2] approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, or
5.2.1 Structural elements, floors and bearing walls shall have a fire resistance materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining
rating not less than the fire resistance rating required for the structural the acceptability of installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the
element, bearing or nonbearing wall, floor, or roof they support. [5000: authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA
7.2.7.2.1] or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority
may require evidence of proper installation, procedure, or use. The authority
5.2.2 Structural elements, floors and bearing walls shall be required to have having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of
only the fire resistance rating required for the construction classification of the an organization that is concerned with product evaluations and is thus in a
building, provided both of the following are met: [5000: 7.2.7.2.2] position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current
(1) Structural elements support nonbearing wall or partition assemblies having production of listed items.
a required fire resistance rating of 1 hour or less
A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase “authority having
(2) Structural elements do not serve as exit enclosures, protection for vertical jurisdiction” is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions
openings, or occupancy separations. and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety
5.2.3 Structural elements such as girders, beams, trusses, and spandrels having is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or
direct connections to columns carrying gravity loads and are essential to the other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief
stability of the building as a whole shall have a fire resistance rating not less of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building
than that of the columns to which they are connected. [5000: 7.2.7.2.3] official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance
purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other
5.3 Structural elements required to have a fire resistance rating and that insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction.
support more than two floors, one floor and roof, a bearing wall, or a In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent
nonbearing wall more than two stories high shall be individually protected assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government
on all sides for their full length with materials providing the required fire installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the
resistance rating. [5000: 7.2.7.3] authority having jurisdiction.
5.4 Structural elements, other than those specified in 5.3, required to have a
fire resistance rating shall be protected by individual encasement, membrane A.3.2.3 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each
or ceiling protection in accordance with NFPA 5000 Section 8.6 or a organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not
combination of both. [5000: 7.2.7.4] recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having
jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to
5.5 In addition to the requirements of 5.3 and 5.4, columns shall meet the identify a listed product.
following requirements: [5000: 7.2.7.5]

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A.3.3.1 Fire Resistance Rating. The fire resistance of building construction Annex B Nonmandatory Informational References
varies with the susceptibility to damage by fire of the building materials used
and the degree of fire protection, if any, provided for the structural members. B.1 Referenced Publications. The following documents or portions thereof
(See also ASTM E 119 and UL 263.) are referenced within this code for informational purposes only and are thus
not part of the requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2.
A.3.3.2 Flame Spread Index. Under the criteria of NFPA 255, the flame
spread index is expressed numerically on a scale for which the zero point B.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1
is fixed by the performance of inorganic-reinforced cement board and the Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA, 02269-9101.
100 point (approximately) is fixed by the performance of untreated red oak
flooring. (See also ASTM E 84 and UL 723.) NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1999 edition.
NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and
A.4.1.1 The system of designating types of construction also includes a Ventilating Systems, 2002 edition.
specific breakdown of the types of construction through the use of arabic
numbers. These arabic numbers follow the roman numeral notation where NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls, 2000 edition.
identifying a type of construction [for example, Type I(442), Type II(111), NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of
Type III(200)] and indicate the fire resistance rating requirements for certain Building Materials, 2000 edition.
structural elements as follows: [5000: A.7.2.1.1]
B.1.2 Other Publications.
(1) First Arabic Number. Exterior bearing walls
(2) Second Arabic Number. Columns, beams, girders, trusses and arches, B.1.2.1 ASTM Publications. American Society for Testing and Materials, 100
supporting bearing walls, columns, or loads from more than one floor Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
(3) Third Arabic Number. Floor construction ASTM E 84, Standard Test Method of Surface Burning Characteristics
Table A.4.1.1 provides a comparison of similar types of construction for of Building Materials, 2003b.
various model building codes. ASTM E 119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building

T
Construction and Materials, 2000a.
B.1.2.2 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062.

IN
UL 263, Standard for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials,
2003.
UL 723, Standard for Safety Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials, 2003.

P R
Table A.4.1.1 Cross-Reference of Building Construction Types.
NFPA 5000 I(442) I(332) II(222) II(111) II(000) III(211) III(200) IV(2HH) V(111) V(000)
UBC — I FR II FR II 1-hr II N III 1-hr III N IV HT V 1-hr V-N
B/NBC 1A 1B 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 4 5A 5B

E
SBC I II — IV 1-hr IV unp V 1-hr V unp III VI 1-hr VI unp
IBC — IA IB IIA IIB IIIA IIIB IV VA VB
unp — Unprotected

R
unp—Unprotected
[5000: Table A.7.2.1.1]

220-8