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Linkers and Connectors

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Kas Nel
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125 views4 pages

Linkers and Connectors

Uploaded by

Kas Nel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Connectors and Linkers have the same meaning. But, the difference lies in the function.

Connectors are the


conjunctions that connect the nouns or words or main clauses.
For example, 1. Preetha and Ajay are friends. 2. Fareetha has won a gold medal or her father will be upset. 3.
Divya suffered from headache but she attended the meeting.
In all these sentences, the conjunctions (and, but) act as connectors. On the other hand, linkers are the
words that connect the large group of phrases, sentences and clauses.
For example, 1. When there is a rain, use an umbrella. 2. In case of failing in the exam, you have to suffer. 3.
In order to gain money, you have to work hard. In all these sentences, the words, When, In case of, In order
to are used as linkers.
Linkers and connectors
LINKERS
Contrast
. In spite of / Despite Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.
. Although / (Even) though Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence.
. However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast. Introduce a new idea which
marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma.
. On the one hand ... On the other hand. Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.
. In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.
. Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas.
Reason and cause
. Because / As / Since / Seeing that Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because
always appear in final position.
. Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase.
Purpose
. In order to / So as to Introduce an infinitive of purpose.
. In order that / So that Introduce a sentence.
Consequence
. Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore
. As a consequence of / As a result of Followed by a noun phrase.
. So Introduces a sentence. No commas.
Addition
. Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more Used after a strong pause and separated
from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma.
. As well as / In addition to / Besides Used to add one more piece of information. Followed by a noun
phrase.
Exemplification
For example / For instance Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas.
. Such as Introduces an example referring to the last idea.
CONNECTORS
Contrast
. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
‘The book is short but / yet interesting’
. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’
although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be
placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a
comma after the clause.
‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their
exams’.
. however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:
‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’
. while, whereas
‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’
Reason and cause
. because, as since, seeing that:
‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home’
. because of, on account of, owing to, due to:
‘Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home’
. in order to, so as to, to:
‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes’
Add information
. for example, for instance, such as:
‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’
. moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition to:
‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’
. apart from, except for:
‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.
Succession
. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….
- Second / Secondly / Then …
- Third / Thirdly / After that...
- The next stage …
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Result
. As a result of:
‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.
Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:
‘Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test’.
Order
First paragraph
At first sight
First
First of all
In the first place
To start with

Second paragraph
In the second place
Second
Secondly
Third
Thirdly
Conclusion
Finally
In conclusion
Lastly
And eventually
Adding information
apart from
in addition
in addition to
What’s more
moreover
on top of that
besides
On the one hand
On the other hand
and eventually
Contrast
all the same
however
instead of
in spite of / despite
nevertheless
on the contrary
whereas / while
though / although
Reason
because of + noun
due to + noun
due to the fact that + sentence
for this / that reason
owing to + noun
owing to the fact that + sentence
Result
as a result
because of
consequently
so
that's why
therefore
Expressing facts
actually
as a matter of fact
in fact
really
Expressing a personal opinion to a certain extent
as far as I am concerned Exemplifying
from my point of view and so on
I agree for example
I disagree for instance
in my opinion such
in my view Summarizing
I think that all in all
it is true that in brief
personally in conclusion
to be honest in short
to tell the truth on the whole
Explain to sum up
that is (to say) Sequencing
in other words after that
in short all of a sudden
above all Finally
all in all First of all
at least in the end
basically in the meantime
especially meanwhile
essentially next
in general suddenly
in particular then
more or less while
on the whole

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