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Week 4 Numericals

This document discusses numerical interpolation techniques. It introduces Lagrange interpolation and Newton's divided difference interpolation. Lagrange interpolation uses a polynomial that passes through discrete data points to estimate values between points. Newton's divided difference interpolation first forms a divided difference table to calculate coefficients for a polynomial approximation. The document provides examples of applying both techniques.

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Renzo Monteadora
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87 views20 pages

Week 4 Numericals

This document discusses numerical interpolation techniques. It introduces Lagrange interpolation and Newton's divided difference interpolation. Lagrange interpolation uses a polynomial that passes through discrete data points to estimate values between points. Newton's divided difference interpolation first forms a divided difference table to calculate coefficients for a polynomial approximation. The document provides examples of applying both techniques.

Uploaded by

Renzo Monteadora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMERICAL METHODS

Interpolation
CONTENTS

1.Numerical Interpolation

2 .Lagrange
Interpolation

3 . N e w t o n's Divided
Difference
Interpolation
NUMERICAL
INTERPOLATION
NUMERICAL
INTERPOLATION

 It is to estimate and predict the values at other


points given discrete data points.
 It aims to construct polynimial from data points
provided which pass through all data points
thus attepting to describe the behavior
between and beyond data points.
NUMERICAL
INTERPOLATION

 In general, the polynomial  I n this presentation, we


constructed from N+1 will limit ourselves to the 2
points will have degree N. most common technique
The polynomial created of interpolation and well-
from these points is suited for computer
unique (to polynomial implementation.
interpolation), such that all
polynomial interpolation
methods will output the
same function.
NEWTON'S DIVIDED
DIFFERENCE
INTERPOLATION
Newton's Divided
Difference Interpolation

Linear
Interpolation
Things to
ponder on
It is also known as a quadratic polynomial or a parabola

Quadratic
Interpolation Collecting the terms:
How do we solve the b coefficients?

Set first bo by setting x = xo on

Things to Substitute bo to
ponder on

Substitute bo and b1 to
General Form of the
Newton's Divided
Difference
Interpolation
Divided differences are symmetric with respect to the arguments ,i.e, independent of
the order of arguments.
so, f[x0, x1]=f[x1, x0]
f[x0, x1, x2]=f[x2, x1, x0]=f[x1, x2, x0]
By using first divided difference, second divided difference as so on .A table is formed
which is called the divided difference table.
Things to
ponder on

bo

b1

1st-order 2nd-order
Example xo x1 x2 x3

bo

b1

b2

Insert the resulting b coefficients to the general equation of the polynomial.Then solve for x at
7.
LAGRANGE
INTERPOLATION
Lagrange Interpolation

It is simply a reformulation of the newton's interpolation without the process of divided


difference.

where Π designates 'product of'


Example Solved Examples
Question: Find the value of y at x = 0 given some set of values (-2, 5), (1, 7), (3, 11), (7, 34)?

Solution:

Given the known values are,

x = 0 ; x0 = -2 ; x1 = 1 ; x2= 3 ; x3 = 7 ; y0 = 5 ; y1 = 7 ; y2 = 11 ; y3 = 34

Using the interpolation formula,

y = (x−x1)(x−x2)…..(x−xn)(x0−x1)(x0−x2)…..(x0−xn) y0 + (x−x0)(x−x2)…..(x−xn)(x1−x0)(x1−x2)…..(x1−xn) y1 + …. +
(x−x1)(x−x1)…..(x−xn−1)(xn−x0)(x0−x1)…..(xn−xn−1) yn
y = (0−1)(0−3)(0−7)(−2−1)(−2−3)(−2−7) × 5 + (0+2)(0−3)(0−7)(1+2)(1−3)(1−7) × 7 + (0+2)(0−1)(0−7)(3+2)(3−1)(3−7) ×
11 + (0+2)(0−1)(0−3)(7+2)(7−1)(7−3) × 34

y = 2127 + 496 + −7720 + 5154

y = 1087180
References

Interpolation. (2010, November 23). Numerical Methods. https://jayemmcee.wordpress.com/interpolation/

Chapra, S. C., & Canale, R. P. (2010). Numerical Methods for Engineers (6th Edition ed.). New York City:
McGrawHill. Lagrange's Interpolation - GeeksforGeeks

Newton's divided difference interpolation formula. (2019, August 13). GeeksforGeeks.


https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/newtons-divided-difference-interpolation-formula

Lagrange's interpolation. (2020, February 18). GeeksforGeeks. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/lagranges-


sforgeeks.org/lagranges-interpolation/
interpolation/
THANK YOU

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