Sensation & Perception; Chapter 3

Multiple Choice

1) ________ is the process through which the senses detect visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and
transmit them to the brain.
A) Perception B) Difference threshold C) Sensation D) Absolute threshold

Ans: C

2) ________ furnishes the raw material of sensory experience, whereas ________ provides an interpretation of
that material.
A) Sensation; transduction medium
B) Perception; transduction
C) Sensation; perception
D) Perception; sensation

Ans: C

3) Psychologists have arbitrarily defined absolute threshold as the minimum amount of sensory stimulation that
can be detected ________ of the time.
A) 100% B) 90% C) 75% D) 50%

Ans: D

4) The difference between not being able to perceive a stimulus and just barely perceiving it is termed:
A) Weber's law. B) the absolute threshold. C) the perceptual set. D) the difference threshold.

Ans: D

5) The ________ is a measure of the smallest increase or decrease in a physical stimulus that is required to
produce the just noticeable difference.
A) absolute threshold B) difference threshold C) detection paradigm D) perceptual set

Ans: B

6) The smallest change in sensation that a person is able to detect 50% of the time is:
A) the absolute threshold.
B) the just noticeable difference (JND).
C) Weber's threshold. D) sensory threshold.

Ans: B

7) Bobby is weight lifting. After lifting 250 lbs., Bobby notices that he had accidentally put an extra 2 1/2 lb. weight
on the right side of the barbell. Why hadn't he noticed this while he was lifting?
A) 2 1/2 lbs. was not above the difference threshold.
B) Bobby's right arm is stronger than his left arm.
C) 2 1/2 lbs was not above the absolute threshold.
D) Bobby's activity was a violation of Weber's law.

Ans: A
8) Participating in a psychology study, you find yourself sitting in a room that is completely dark. The researcher
adjusts the dial on a machine that displays a small spot of light. Across dozens of trials, the researcher finds the
minimal amount of light needed for you to report seeing it 50% of the time. In this study the researcher measured
your:
A) difference threshold.
B) absolute threshold.
C) JND threshold.
D) Weber threshold.

Ans: B

9) Big Al, a champion angler, has two big bass that he has caught swimming in his boat's live well. Lifting out a
fish with each hand, big Al immediately notices that the bass in his right hand is bigger than the one in his left
hand. What must be true?
A) The fish in his right hand must weigh at least a pound more than the fish in his left hand.
B) The fish in his left hand must be at least 2% heavier than the one in his right hand.
C) The fish in his right hand must be at least 2% lighter than the one in his left hand.
D) The fish in his right hand must be at least 2% heavier than the fish in his left hand.

Ans: D

10) Weber's law refers to the fact that the just noticeable difference for ALL senses depends on:
A) a percentage of change in the stimulus.
B) a fixed amount of change in the stimulus.
C) a 25% increase of the original stimulus.
D) a 10% increase of the original stimulus.

Ans: A

11) Studies indicate that individuals who have lost one sensory ability often experience:
A) a deficit in their remaining sensory abilities.
B) sensory hallucinations similar to the phantom limb phenomenon.
C) an increase in their remaining sensory abilities.
D) an increase in the absolute thresholds of their remaining senses.

Ans: C

True/False

12) Sensation and perception are essentially the same process. F

13) Difference thresholds for the various senses are fairly close to being the same for all people. F

16) Through a process known as ________, the receptors change or convert the sensory stimulation into neural
impulses, the electrochemical language of the brain.
A) sensory adaptation
B) saturation
C) accommodation
D) transduction

Ans: D
17) ________ enables you to shift your attention to what is most important at any given moment in time.
A) Absolute threshold
B) JND
C) Difference threshold D) Sensory adaptation

Ans: D

18) Over time, as sensory receptors grow accustomed to constant, unchanging levels of stimuli — sights, sounds,
smells — we notice them less and less. This is called:

A) transduction.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) accommodation. D) saturation.

Ans: B

19) Although visitors to her apartment immediately notice the foul smell, Jill rarely notices her cat's litter box odor.
This is an example of:
A) transduction.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) accommodation. D) saturation.

Ans: B

True/False

20) The receptor cells for vision are located on the cornea of each eye. F

21) Of the visible spectrum, the shortest light waves we see are:
A) red. B) yellow. C) violet. D) green.

Ans: C

22) If you are like most people, which sense do you regard as the most valuable?
A) vision B) hearing C) smell D) touch

Ans: A

23) Of the visible spectrum, the longest light waves we see are:
A) red. B) violet. C) yellow. D) blue.

Ans: A

24) When a wave of light becomes longer, we see this as a change in the light's:
A) brightness. B) intensity. C) duration. D) color.

Ans: D

25) This is the tough, transparent, protective layer covering the front of the eye.
A) lens B) iris C) fovea D) cornea

Ans: D
26) This part of the eye is composed of many thin layers and looks like a transparent disc.
A) lens B) iris C) fovea D) cornea

Ans: A

27) The first step in the visual process takes place when the ________ bends light rays in toward the pupil.
A) cornea B) lens C) iris D) retina

Ans: A

28) Sensory receptors for vision are located on a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball that is called:
A) the lens. B) the fovea. C) the cornea. D) the retina.

Ans: D

29) Dr. Ngai just turned 40. To celebrate the beginning of his tenure in middle-age he went to the optometrist and
had his vision checked. To Dr. Ngai's surprise the optometrist informed him he suffers from presbyopia, which is:
A) a loss of elasticity in the cornea that reduces the ability to see far away.
B) a loss of elasticity in the lens that reduces the ability to see close up.
C) a loss of elasticity in the iris that reduces the ability of the pupil to dilate and contract.
D) a clouding of the lens that can lead to blindness.

Ans: B

30) In vision, the term accommodation describes:

A) the dilation and contraction of the iris as it lets light into the pupil.
B) the refraction of light off the cornea into the pupil.
C) a loss of visual acuity related to age.
D) the flattening and bulging of the lens as it focuses images on the retina.

Ans: D

31) While walking at night, Sharon can easily see objects around her. The cells of her eye that she is relying on
are called:
A) rods.
B) cones.
C) ganglion. D) feature detectors.

Ans: A

32) When you look directly at an object, the image is focused on the center of your:
A) optic nerve. B) optic chiasm. C) lens. D) fovea.

Ans: D

33) The fovea is:

A) the spot where the optic nerve connects to the eye.
B) the area in the periphery of the retina containing mainly rods.
C) the center of the retina, which contains only cones.
D) the area in the periphery of the retina containing rods and cones.

Ans: C
34) When you attempt to read fine print you are trying to focus the images of the small letters on your:
A) lens. B) cornea. C) fovea. D) rods.

Ans: C

True/False

35) A person walking through the woods at night is primarily reliant on cones for vision. F

36) The fovea is a tiny spot on the retina that is also sometimes referred to as the 'blind spot.' F

40) What causes the blind spot in the vision of both eyes?
A) The inconsistent surface of the cornea.
B) The folded area of the fovea that occurs where the cones are the most dense.
C) The optic nerve passing through the retina as it leaves the eye.
D) The concentration of ganglion cells in the center of the optic nerve blocking light.

Ans: C

41) Following a motorcycle accident where he suffered severe damage to the back of his head, Johnathan started
to refer to boxes as balls. Johnathan likely suffered damage to his:
A) feature detectors. B) frontal lobe. C) hippocampus. D) optic nerve.

Ans: A

42) The presence of all visible wavelengths of the visible spectrum gives the sensation of:
A) blue. B) green. C) brown. D) white.

Ans: D

43) The specific color that an eye perceives — such as red, green, blue — is referred to as:
A) brightness. B) contrast. C) hue. D) saturation.

Ans: C

44) This is the intensity of the light energy perceived by the eye:
A) brightness. B) contrast. C) hue. D) saturation.

Ans: A

45) This refers to the purity of a color perceived by the eye:

A) brightness. B) contrast. C) hue. D) saturation.

Ans: D

46) Which of the following is NOT one of three dimensions identified by researchers as providing the world of
color we experience?
A) intensity B) purity C) amplitude D) brightness

Ans: B

47) True/False
Our perception of a particular color is determined only by the light's hue. F
48) The retina contains three types of cones and each makes a maximum response to a particular color — red,
green or blue. This, in short form, is the:

A) signal detection theory of color vision.

B) opponent-process theory of color vision.
C) trichromatic theory of color vision.
D) color detection theory of color vision.

Ans: C

49) Research by this Nobel Prize winner strongly endorsed the trichromatic theory of color vision.
A) Thomas Young B) David Hubel C) Hermann von Helmholtz D) George Wald

Ans: D

50) The trichromatic theory states that there are three kinds of cones in the retina sensitive to these three colors:
A) yellow, brown, and red. B) red, yellow, and green.
C) red, green, and blue. D) blue, green, and yellow.

Ans: C

51) The trichromatic theory of color vision is based on the idea that the retina contains:
A) three classes of cells that alter their rates of firing according to color.
B) three types of rods that respond to different saturation levels.
C) rods, cones and third type of cell called a muon that, depending upon the hue, stimulates different
combinations of cones to fire.
D) three types of cones that respond maximally to one of three colors-red, green or blue.

Ans: D

52) Freddy closed his left eye and looked through a yellow plastic disc with his right eye for several minutes.
Freddy then took the yellow disc away from his right eye and looked at a white wall. What color did he see?
A) red B) green C) black D) blue

Ans: D

53) After staring at a red light for several minutes, Leon looks away at a white field. Leon is surprised to see a
green dot about the same size as the red light floating on the white background. The color afterimage that Leon
sees provides support for the ________ theory of color vision.
A) trichromatic B) opponent-process C) Young-Helmholtz D) signal-detection

Ans: B

54) Which of the following explains why, after staring at a light bulb, we tend to a shadow floating in front of our
vision when we look away?
A) the opponent-process theory B) the trichromatic theory
C) the signal-detection theory D) the gate control theory

Ans: A

55) Scientists believe that the process of color vision begins with the ________ and is completed in the
________.
A) lens; retina B) retina; visual cortex
C) optic nerve; visual cortex D) occipital lobe; visual cortex

Ans: B
True/False

56) The opponent-process theory of color vision was first proposed by Thomas Young in 1802. F

57) Some form of red-green color blindness occurs in about ________ of males and ________ of females.
A) 10%; 15% B) 7%; 1% C) 5%; 10% D) 1%; 10%

Ans: B

58) Shaun can not recognize shades of green. Shaun is most likely:
A) not including enough rhodopsin in his diet.
B) over the age of 50.
C) a female.
D) a male.

Ans: D

59) Some individuals are more adept at distinguishing between similar colors because of differences in ________.
A) the number of color vision genes they have
B) the number of cones they have in the retina
C) the amount of rhodopsin present in the retina
D) the amount of opsin present in the retina

Ans: A

True/False

60) Most people who are color-blind see no color, only black, white and shades of gray. F

61) Women are more likely to be color blind than are men. F

62) People who are color blind generally have the most difficulty distinguishing shades of blue. F

63) In which of the following environments would sound not be heard?

A) air B) cement C) vacuum D) water

Ans: C

64) He discovered that sound requires a medium through which to move.

A) Alexander Graham Bell B) Robert Boyle
C) Sebastian Timbre D) Olav Octav

Ans: B

65) ________ is determined by the number of cycles completed by a sound wave in one second.
A) Frequency B) Volume C) Amplitude D) Timbre

Ans: A

66) The frequency of a sound is analogous to the ________ of light.

A) intensity B) wavelength C) brightness D) purity

Ans: B
67) Amplitude determines the ________ of a sound.
A) pitch B) volume C) loudness D) timbre

Ans: C

68) This mammal can respond to sounds of up to 100,000 Hz.

A) human B) dog C) bat D) dolphin

Ans: D

69) The number of cycles per second or the frequency of a sound wave is measured in:
A) amps. B) watts. C) decibels. D) hertz.

Ans: D

70) Mrs. Scarpaci is complaining that the street noise is louder in her apartment than in her upstairs neighbor's.
To test her claim, you check the noise in each apartment with a sound meter. The meter registers 50 db in Mrs.
Scarpaci's apartment and 30 db in her neighbor's. How much louder is the street noise in Mrs. Scarpaci's
apartment?
A) 10 times louder B) 50 times louder
C) 100 times louder D) 200 times louder

Ans: D

71) ________ is the distinct quality of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds. For example, the same
note played on a piano or guitar has a different quality to the sound.
A) Timbre B) Audition C) Volume D) Loudness

Ans: A

True/False
72) Pitch is measured in hertz and loudness is measured in decibels. T

73) Humans are not capable of hearing tones above 1,000 Hz. F

75) Which of the following is NOT one of the ossicles?

A) the hammer B) the cochlea C) the stirrup D) the anvil

Ans: B

76) The ________ contains the ossicles, the three smallest bones in the human body.
A) cochlea B) inner ear C) middle ear D) outer ear

Ans: C

77) Which of the following IS part of the inner ear?

A) the stirrup B) the auditory canal
C) the eardrum D) the cochlea

Ans: D

78) The ________ serve(s) to amplify sound as it reaches the middle ear.
A) ossicles B) hair cells C) tympanic membrane D) cochlea

Ans: A
79) By how much do the ossicles amplify sound?
A) 4 times B) 10 times C) 15 times D) 22 times

Ans: D

80) Sound waves are amplified in the middle ear by tiny bones called the hammer, anvil and the stirrup, which
serves to push against the ________ and set fluid in the cochlea in motion.
A) tympanic membrane B) oval window C) basilar membrane D) auditory nerve

Ans: B

81) Lori cannot determine which direction a sound is coming from. Where might the sound be in Lori's case?
A) directly behind her
B) directly to her left
C) directly to her right
D) in front of her, but below shoulder level

Ans: A

82) Bernie is eating a carrot. The sound of his chewing is drowning out the sound of his mother talking to him.
Bernie is hearing this sound through:
A) the air.
B) the conduction properties of the carrot.
C) bone conduction.
D) the proximal auditory system.

Ans: C

True/False
83) The ear drum is part of the middle ear. F

84) This theory, developed by Hernann von Helmholtz, holds that each individual pitch a person hears is
determined by the particular spot along the basilar membrane that vibrates the most.
A) Volley theory B) Place theory C) Frequency theory D) Pitch theory

Ans: B

85) When you hear a tone of 200 hz, the hair cells attached to your basilar membranes begin vibrating 200 times
per second. This is the basic idea behind the:
A) frequency theory of hearing.
B) place theory of hearing.
C) volley principle of hearing. D) tympanic theory of hearing.

Ans: A

86) Frequency theory cannot explain the fact that we can hear frequencies higher than 1,000 Hz because .
A) the neurons linked to hair cells cannot fire more than 1,000 times per second
B) the neurons linked to hair cells cannot fire less than 1,000 times per second
C) different areas of the basilar membrane vibrate at frequencies greater than 1,000 Hz
D) different areas of the basilar membrane vibrate at frequencies less than 1,000 Hz

Ans: A
87) True/False
The frequency theory of hearing suggests that different places on the basilar membrane vibrate more strongly.
when exposed to different frequencies. F

88) The likelihood of an infant being born in the United States with a moderate or severe hearing loss is:
A) 1 in 10. B) 1 in 100. C) 1 in 1,000. D) 1 in 10,000.

Ans: C

89) Royce is 65 years old. The odds that he will suffer a significant hearing loss during the remainder of his life
are:
A) 1 in 10. B) 1 in 50. C) 1 in 100. D) 1 in 200.

Ans: A

90) The majority of those who suffer from hearing loss lose their hearing due to:

A) virus infections. B) injury. C) exposure to noise. D) bacterial infections.

Ans: C

91) True/False
Studies suggest that loss of sense of smell is strongly associated with developing dementia. T

92) A chemical sense is:

A) hearing. B) vision. C) smell. D) touch.

Ans: C

93) The olfactory epithelium is located here:

A) the nostril.
B) the roof of the mouth.
C) the temporal lobe.
D) the top of each nasal cavity.

Ans: D

94) Olfaction is the sense of:

A) taste. B) smell. C) hearing. D) balance.

Ans: B

95) The size of the olfactory epithelium in some breeds of dogs is how much larger than those in humans?
A) two times as large B) ten times as large C) twenty times as large
D) fifty times as large

Ans: C

96) How many different odours is the human olfactory system capable of sensing and distinguishing?
A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 100,000 D) 1,000,000

Ans: B
97) Peggy is extremely sensitive to smells. Which of the following is most likely true regarding Peggy?
A) Peggy is an older woman.
B) Peggy is a smoker.
C) Peggy is a younger woman. D) Peggy is a smellologist.

Ans: C

98) Studies suggest that those who show the greatest loss of olfaction are those most likely to:
A) be obese. B) develop dementia. C) live to be very old. D) dislike food.
Ans: B

99) ________ may dictate the hiding behaviors of certain animals, or the menstrual cycles of some women who
live together.
A)Umami B) Hormones C) Pheromones D) Olfactory bulbs

Ans: C

100) Your ability to associate odours with memories peaks at the age of 40. False

101) Which of the following is NOT one of the five distinct kinds of taste sensations?
A) salty B) sugary C) sour D) umami

Ans: B

102) What was the fifth taste receptor identified that responds to stimulation by glutamate?
A) natrium B) umami C) pheromone D) supersour

Ans: B

103) The life span of an average taste receptor cell is about ________ days.
A) 10 B) 30 C) 50 D) 100

Ans: A

104) Receptors for taste are found in all of the following EXCEPT:
A) the epithelium. B) the palate.
C) the tonsils. D) the throat.

Ans: A

105) Each taste bud is composed of ________ receptor cells.

A) 10 to 20 B) 30 to 50 C) 150 to 200 D) 60 to 100

Ans: D

106) The five basic tastes are spatially distributed over different areas of the tongue without any overlap. False

107) So-called 'supertasters' are much more likely than average people to be obese because of their increased
sensitivity to food. False

108) The ________ is the largest organ of your body.

A) liver B) spleen C) brain D) skin

Ans: D
109) The ________ sense is our sense of touch.
A) kinesthetic B) equilibrium C) tacit D) tactile

Ans: D

110) The ________ refers to how far apart two points on your skin must be before they are felt as two separate
touches.
A) two-point threshold B) gate-control theory
C) absolute tactile threshold D) vestibular theory

Ans: A

111) Research has shown that massage helps premature babies grow and develop, indicating that the power of
touch begins early in life. True

112) Gate-control theory has been formulated to explain our sense of:
A) pain. B) pressure. C) smell. D) balance

Ans: A

113) Brian banged his shin against a desk and grimaced with pain. He quickly bent over and began rubbing his
leg where he'd banged it and the pain he was experiencing started to subside a bit. This phenomenon can best be
explained by:
A) the gate-control theory. B) the absolute-threshold theory.
C) the opponent-process theory. D) the volley theory of pain control.

Ans: A

114) Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chronic pain?
A) stomach pain B) arthritis
C) headache D) lower-back ache

Ans: A

115) This accounts for the fact that psychological factors, both cognitive and emotional, can influence the
perception of pain.
A) kinesthetic senses B) gate-control theory
C) vestibular senses D) continuity

Ans: B

116) Which of the following activities is NOT noted as an activity likely to release endorphins in the body?
A) laughing B) crying C) eating D) exercising

Ans: C

117) The gate-control theory of pain perception says that the action of endorphins in the brain acts as a gate that
will either allow the perception of pain or block that perception. False

118) This detects movement and provides information about the body's orientation in space.
A) the kinesthetic sense B) the vestibular sense
C) the tactile sense D) the Gestalt sense

Ans: B
119) A skilled trapeze artist can determine the relative position of her body and is aware of her body position,
even when performing blindfolded. This is due to her well-developed ________.
A) kinesthetic sense B) vestibular sense
C) perceptual organization D) motion perception

Ans: A

120) The receptors that provide information about balance, equilibrium and rotating movements are located in the
inner ear inside the:
A) cochlea. B) eustachian tubes.
C) tympanic membrane. D) semicircular canals.

Ans: D

121) If you were blindfolded and had no visual or other external cues, you would not be able to sense motion
once your speed reached a constant rate. True

122) This word roughly refers to the whole form.

A) kinesthetic B) vestibular C) tactile D) Gestalt

Ans: G

123) Proximity, similarity, continuity and closure are all:

A) monocular cues for depth. B) binocular cues for depth.
C) figure-ground principles. D) Gestalt principles of grouping.

Ans: D

124) Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of perceptual organization?

A) similarity B) openness C) proximity D) closure

Ans: B

125) Objects being perceived as a unit due to similar characteristics is indicative of which principle of perceptual
organization?
A) figure-ground B) proximity C) similarity D) closure

Ans: C

126) If, while driving in an unfamiliar neighborhood, you came to an intersection and saw a triangular, yellow sign
with the letters YIELD, it is very likely you would still react appropriately. If so, your reaction would be based
upon the principle of:
A) similarity. B) closure. C) shape constancy. D) size constancy.

Ans: B

127) The principle of ________ explains why, when we view objects from a distance, we do not interpret them as
being smaller than they are.
A) perceptual constancy B) closure C) figure-ground D) continuity

Ans: A

128) As objects that are familiar move further away, you continue to perceive them as being about the same size.
This is known as:
A) size continuity. B) size proximity. C) size constancy. D) size similarity
Ans: C
129) The tendency to perceive a door as a rectangular structure regardless of the angle you view it from is called:
A) size continuity. B) shape continuity. C) shape constancy. D) depth perception.

Ans: C

130) Even though the typical retinal image is elliptical, we perceive pennies as round because of:
A) invariance. B) interposition. C) size constancy. D) shape constancy.

Ans: D

131) The Gestalt principle of similarity states that objects that are close together in space or time tend to be
perceived as more similar than are distant stimuli, regardless of actual similarity. False

132) This allows us to climb and descend stairs without stumbling.

A) shape continuity B) depth perception
C) binocular disparity D) serial perspective

Ans: B

133) The spacing of the eyes gives each a slightly different view of whatever is being focused on. This results in
two different retinal images and is known as:
A) convergence. B) binocular disparity.
C) linear perspective. D) interposition.

Ans: B

134) Convergence and binocular disparity are both examples of ________.

A) monocular depth cues B) interposition
C) binocular depth cues D) linear perspective

Ans: C

135) Norbert is looking at his finger tip as it approaches and eventually touches his nose. What Norbert is doing is
a demonstration of:
A) binocular disparity. B) convergence.
C) closure. D) interposition.

Ans: B

136) ________ is observed when larger objects are perceived as being closer, and smaller objects are seen as
being
further away.
A) Interposition B) Relative size
C) Linear perspective D) Convergence

Ans: B

137) Relative size is one of the binocular cues used to perceive depth. False

138) Motion parallax can cause you perceive motion even when there is none. True

139) Bobby is sitting in one of two trains that are parked next to each other on the tracks. As he reads the paper,
the train parked next to his suddenly starts moving. Bobby lurches forward to compensate for his train taking off,
then realizes that it is the other train moving and not his. What has caused Bobby's reaction?
A) interposition B) motion parallax
C) convergence D) shading Ans: B
140) Jamie is sitting in a parked train next to a window. Suddenly, another train goes whisking past the train
Jamie is on. Even though Jamie's train is still parked, Jamie reacts as if it is moving. This is an example of:
A) real motion. B) apparent motion.
C) interposition. D) motion graduation.

Ans: B

141) This visual phenomenon was first discussed by Max Wertheimer.

A) figure ambiguity B) motion parallax
C) phi D) interposition

Ans: C

142) The term apparent motion indicates the perception of the motion of real objects through space. True

143) Boring's Old Woman/Young Woman picture is an example of:

A) interposition. B) convergence.
C) an ambiguous figure. D) texture gradient.

Ans: C

144) ________ are false perceptions or misperceptions of an actual stimulus in the environment.
A) Ambiguous figures B) Illusions
C) Ambiguous stimuli D) Hallucinations

Ans: B

145) People with different cultural backgrounds tend to differ in their experience of some illusions due to
differences in ________.
A) experiences B) genetics C) closure D) autokinetics

Ans: A

146) Ambiguous figures frequently produce perceptual uncertainty in the first-time viewer because of the viewer's
lack of experience with the stimulus. True

147) Fred found it impossible to read the scrawled prescription on his physician's prescription pad. Fred was
relying on which type of processing?
A) top-down processing B) feature processing
C) signal processing D) bottom-up processing

Ans: D

148) Although Fred can not read it at all, Fred's pharmacist immediately understands and fills the prescription
written by Fred's physician. This is an example of:
A) bottom-up processing. B) reverse order processing.
C) top-down processing. D) sequential processing.

Ans: C

149) Making sense of a word written in faded scribble by first naming each letter is an example of:
A) signal detection. B) top-down processing. C) bottom-up processing. D) feature detection.

Ans: C
150) What people expect to perceive is called:
A) sensory pathways. B) just noticeable difference.C) the perceptual set. D) absolute threshold.

Ans: C

151) Top-down processing of visual information involves looking for patterns in data that can be interpreted on the
basis of prior knowledge. False

152) ________ is the process of selecting some sensations for further processing.
A) attention B) perception C) bottom-up processing D) top-down processing

Ans: A

153) People involved in car crashes are often heard to say That other car came out of nowhere while describing
what happened. Researchers call this phenomenon:
A) phi. B) motion parallax.C) inattentional blindness. D) attentional blindness.

Ans: C

154) Jeremy is in a crowded restaurant and is deeply involved in a conversation with one of his friends when he
hears someone call his name from across the room. Immediately, Jeremy pauses his conversation and orients
towards the person who called his name. This is known as the ________.
A) cocktail party phenomenon B) phi phenomenon C) name-orientation response D) subliminal perception

Ans: A

155) Inattentional blindness results when we fail to notice changes in objects to which we are not directly paying
attention. True

156) Genny hears a train coming towards her on a track at the same time she is watching a train move away from
her. Her response will be determined by which cue?
A) visual B) auditory C) tactile D) bi-modal

Ans: B

157) ________ is the way in which information from two different sensory modalities is combined.
A) Cross-modal perception B) Cross-modal sensation
C) Intramodal perception D) Intermodal sensation

Ans: A

158) In a social situation in which someone is displaying an angry expression but using calm, friendly words and
tone of voice, the ________ is most likely to take priority over other cues in determining the person's emotions.
A) facial expression B) speech intonation
C) speech volume D) actual words used

Ans: A

159) Visual perception occurs primarily in the same parts of the brain no matter what you are looking at. True

160) ________ is our capacity to perceive and respond to stimuli that are presented below the threshold of
awareness.
A) Subliminal perception B) Extrasensory perception C) Threshold flexability D) Perceptual reactivity

Ans: A
161) Most research on subliminal perception suggests that it has ________.
A) a weak effect on behavior B) a moderate effect on behaviour
C) no effect on behavior D) a strong effect on behaviour

Ans: A

162) Research studies that have claimed to demonstrate ESP effects have ________.
A) not been replicated successfully
B) avoided the Ganzfeld procedure
C) relied on particularly sensitive individuals
D) been falsified

Ans: A

163) The idea that Extrasensory perception (ESP) exists has been completely rejected by the use of
the Ganzfeld procedure. False
Sensation and Perception Tutorials: http://psych.hanover.edu/Krantz/sen_tut.html
MUST SEE SITE!!!
This wonderful site created and maintained by John H. Krantz contains links to various tutorials and lots of
visuals. These demonstrations and exercises are helpful starting points for familiarizing your students with
the basic principles of sensation and perception.
Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling the World — Howard Hughes Medical Institute:
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/
MUST SEE SITE!!!
This site provides an excellent and current information about sensation, perception, and the brain.

Vision/Visual Illusions
3D Vision: http://www.vision3d.com

Contains links to 3-D eye exercises, vision therapy, optical illusions, and those Magic Eye 3-D things that
seem to keep hanging around. Also explains some disorders related to vision. Have your students review this
site as a starting point for discussing the basic principles of visual perception.

Grand Illusions: http://www.grand-illusions.com

Includes links to some great illusions with good explanations behind them. There is an excellent Pinwheel
illusion that is now digitized (so you don‘t have to spin the stimulus on a pencil anymore!). Also included are
links to the moon illusion, a freaky afterimage, brightness contrast effects, lateral inhibition, and the famous
―My Wife and my Mother-in-Law‖ print by W. E. Hill (1916).

Magic Eye Images: http://www.magiceye.com/3dfun/stwkdisp.shtml

You either love them or you hate them. This page opens to an archive of Magic Eye images, including the
Image of the Week.

Red and White Light Demonstration: http://people.msoe.edu/~taylor/eisl/land.htm

A big, juicy, and colorful hamburger appears on your screen. You will soon discover that although you
perceive green lettuce, yellow cheese, brown beef, and a red tomato, the entire image is composed of red and
white light. This demonstration can serve as a springboard for a discussion of trichromatic theory of color
vision.

Vischeck Color Blindness Simulator: http://vischeck.com/index.php3

This website allows the viewer to experience how things look to those who are color blind.