x.

.12 Solved Examples:

4.12.1:

a
For
gain
a carrier frequency of 12GHz.
Assume
noise
to
satellite
equivalent
bandwidth
 G 50dB

s200 k LNA
Mixer
IF

Local
oscillator

Fig. P. 4.12.1
T 200° K
Noise bandwidth B =
18 MHz
Receiving antenna gain G, =
50 dB
Carrier frequency f =12 GHz
R 1.39 x 10" J/K
Tofind
Gain to equivalent noise temperature ratio
(i) Noise density
i) Total noise power.
Steps to be followed
temperature
G
ratioT
TStep o find gain to equivalent noise

tep II T o fimd total noise powe

Step 1l To find noise density
noise
temperature ratio
Step I: To find gain to equivalent

antenna is
The
he gain ofreceiving
[G]
= 50 dB

this value to dBK we get,

= 200° K. Converting
T.

T 10logo T,
10 10 log1o [200]
= 23 dBK
IT
 Satellite Communication (GTU
10 log
10 ogs, G, -
10 logs T,
T
= [G-TJ
T5023

= 27 dB/K

Step II : To calculate total noise power:

P= k TB
P =
1.39 x 10x 200x 18x 10
P = 5x 10"w
Step III: To calculate noise density
Noise density is ratio of noise power to noise bandwidth.

Noise density B

Noise density kT,B

B
Noise density =
kT,
=
1.39x 10 200
Noise density =
2.78 x
10 W/Hz
Ex. 4.12.2: A satellite circuit has following parameters
Uplink
Saturation flux density:-68 dBW/m
Input back-off: 11dB
Satellite G/T:-12 dB/K
(i) Downlink :
Saturation EIRP : 26.5 dBW
Output back-off :6 dB
Transmission path loss: 203 dB
Earth station 41 dB/ °K
Calculate carrier to noise density
ratio for
value. uplink and
nd downlink
downlink and
and the
the om
 Satellite Link Design
Soln.

Given:
For uplink

. -68 dBW/m
[BO] = 11 dB

=-
-12 dB/°K.
For downlink
[EIRPD = 26.5 dB
BO1 = 6 dB
[TPLID = 203 dB

= 41 dB/0K

Tofind
for for uplink
i) for downlink.

for combined valuue.

(ii) Joverall

Steps to be followed
for uplink
Step I : To calculate NJU

To calculateN
f o for
r downlink.
downlink
Step II :

Overal
Step III Tocalculate
foruplink:
Step I To calculate|
is given as,
for uplink
The o.]-[BO]+ [A.] -[RFL}u + + 228.6

[A,] are not provided.

and effective isotropic area
feeder loss [RFL]
The receive nc appropriate values in the equation,
Putting
them.
Hence. w e will neglect
N -68 -

11 -

12 +228.6
 137.6 dB

StepII: To calculate for downlink

The for downlink is given as,

N EIRP}p -(TPL)p-[RFLD -BO,1 +|+228.6

The receive feeder loss
[RFL] is not given. Hence it can be neglected. Puttine
remaining quantities in above equation,
= 26.5-203-6+41+228.6

=
87.1 dB
N.J
Step IlI To obtain overall

N 137.6 dB
dB logio .N,Ju
10
=

137.6=1 log TC1N

N antilog (13.76)
N 5.75 x 103

Ju1.737x x 1014
Similarly,

87.1 87.1 dB
87.1
10logo CN
=

N.JD antilog [8.71]

 443 Satelite ink Desg

=
5 128 x 10

19498 10 2

Theoverall Is gnen as

=737x10 19498x 10

=
1949862 x
10

C 5 128 x10
dB 10log

10kog [5 128 10

1 010 8.7099

$7.099 dB

The overall is $7.099 dB

communicaton ank S to be designed to transmi data at

Ex. 4.12.3 A digital satellite
detemine
1 Mbps with
14 dB.
overallof of satelite downlink is 17 dB.
parameters for link design
required assuming the folowing
the EIRP
214 dB
uplink path loss 2.5 dB
loss
loss exduding path
() total uplink path
gain
= 45 dB
satellite receive
i) = - 169 dBmHz

receive noise power density

v) satellite detemine the
0.5 Watts
or s0 GHz HPA power of
frequency of 60%. Assume
Assuming uplink antenna efficiency
s z e . considenng
antenna
earth station HPA to antenna input
between
losses
negligible
 Soln.:
Given Digital data rate r, =
1 Mbps= 1 x 10' bits/sec

E = 14 dB =25.118
LN,overall
= 17 dB =50.118
214+2.5 216.5 dB.
path loss [TPL|
=
Transmission

Satellite receive gain GsaT =

45 dB
Satellite receive noise density [N,] = - 169 dBm/Hz

IN.I = 10 logio N,

169 =
10 logioN
N. = 1.25892 x 1017mW

Uplink frequency f= 30 GHz

30x 30 x10
3x10*

= 0.01 m

PEPA0.5 W
PEPA =
10 log1 (0.5)= -3 dBWW
nA antenna efficiency =
60%
A 0.6
To find: (6) EIRP
ii) Diameter of earth station
antenna.
Steps to be followed :

Step I : To find C

Step II To calculate
SAT
Step Ill To calculateEIRP
Step IV To determinethe earth
station antenna s1z.
Step1: Tofind
(Eo/ overall
N 25.118
 (GTU)
4-45
( Satellite Link Design
b/overall 25.118 0.03981
(E = 50.118

EL TITUTEEOF
INS7
OF
We know that, 50.118 0.019952

LIBRARY
Eoverall
Substituting the values in above
equation,
WEWNAG
.Y AGAR

0.03981 +0.019952

= 0.03981-0.019952

E 0.019857

0.019857 50.3598

No
= 50.3598 x Ix 10°
= 50.3598x 10°

= 10 logo (50.3598 x 10)

= 77.02 dB

Step11:To calculateTATa" SAT

is,
given
The noise p o w e r density = 1.25892x 10mW
No
1.25892 x 10 W

= kTsaT
 ete LinMD
TSAT k

1.25892 x 1020
TSAT 1.38x 10

TsAT= 912.26°K

A
ITsAT 10 log, (912.26)
[TsAT 10x 2.960I
ITSAT= 29.60dB

SAT =[GsAT [TsATl

= 45 2 9 . 6
SAT

C
LT 15.4 dB
SAT

Step IIl: To calculate EIRP:

N=EIRP] -(TPLJU-[RFLI +T. +228.6
[RFLI is notgiven. Hence, we will neglect it.
Substituting the other values,
77 [EIRP] -216.5- 0+15.4 +228.6
EIRP] =
49.5 dB
Step IV: To determine the earth station antenna size:
EIRPu= [PaPAl+[GEsl-[TFLu
ITFL negligible. Hence, it is assumed to
is
be zero.
Substituting other values in the above
the
equation.
49.5-3+[Gpsl-0
[GEs] 52.5 dB
52.5 =
10 logio (GEs)
GES antilog (5.25)
GgS 177827,941
GES 1.77827 x
It is the gain of the earth station antene
na.
10
 The gain of the parabolodial antenna is given as,
G =TA4 nA
A = ED
4

ED
4Tx 4
G = x x NAA

TD
G na*

For earth station G=Ges

x 10 = 0612
1.77827 01
D = 1.733 m

Thdmeter of the earth station antenna is 1.733 m.