Compression Members 371

WORKING STRESS DESIGN-

ressive stressf, at
working (service) loads P, of a compression mem-
than or equal to the
should
be
l ess
s
permissible compressive stress far
r compressiVe stress,
e actual,

The
permissit missible compressive stress, fa = 0.6f.d
effective cross-sectional area
=
effe

ert A design compressive stress (Table 8.7).

shedExampes

Note
4SUmes t e e l
sol of grade Fe 410 and bolts of grade 4.6 if not specified. Also, assume load factor
I 5ifrequired.

Example8.1 Calculate the value of the least radius of gyration for a

nound column consisting of ISHB 250 @ 536.6 N/m with one cover plate
om
0 mm x 20 mm on each flange

Solurion Refer to Fig. Ex. 8.1.

From /S Handbook No. 1, 1, of ISHB 250 = 7983.9 x 10 mm, A = 6971 mm, and
9.7 mm.
1, for plates =24 +A, yi1
300 x 20
=
25UX12
+ +300 x 20x (125 + 10|
=21910 x 10 mm
Total I, = 7983.9 x 10* +21910 x 10* =29,893.9 x 10* mm
**-

Areaofthe built-up section = 6971 +2 x 300x 20 = 18,971 mm

893.9 x 0125.52
18,971 mm
, of ISHB 250 @ 536.6 N/m = 2011.7x 10" mm

300, mm
20 mm

N.A.
Z

Fig. Ex. 8.1

 Limit State Design of Steel Structures
372

20 x (300)
= 9000 x 10' mm
of plates =2 12
x

Total,= 2011.7 x 10'+ 9000 x 10" = I1,0O11.7x 10*' mm

11.011.7x 10'
= 76.187 mm
18,971
Example 8.2 Calculate the design compressive load for a stanchican
350
710.2 N/m. 3.5 m high. The column is restrained in dirn direction and positio
both the ends. It is to be used as an uncased column in a single-storeyhtt at
Use steel of grade Fe 410.

Solution For steel of grade Fe 410:, = 250 MPa

Partial safety factorfor material: Ymo= 1.10
The column ends are restrained in direction and position; K = 0.65.
The properties of ISHB 350 @ 710.2 N/m from IS Hand book No.
h = 350 mm, b = 250 mm, t,= 11.6 mm, ,
I are as
= 10.1 mm
foll ws.
A =9221 mmí, r,= 146.5 mm, r,= 52.2 mm

b 5 6 1.4> 1.2
25 50 (

11.6 mm s 40 mm
I,= (2
Hence. for conditions (1) and (2) from Table 8.6 of the text:
The buckling curve to be used along zz-axis will be curve a, and that about
will be curve b. yy-axis

Notes
1. Since r< r. the column will buckle about
yy-axis and the design compressiie
strength will be governed by effective slenderness ratio 2, However, to make the
student appreciate this the design
compressive strength calculations will be made i
thisexample about both yy- and z-axis.
2. The design compressive stress for the column can be
determined either by Ey. (loo
from:Table 8.7 of the text. Both the procedures have been explained by this exianmpc
3. For the examples to follow the from
design compressive stress will be deter
Table 8.7 being less cumbersive.
(a) Design compressive stress using Table 8.7
i) About yy-axis

Elective slenderness ratio, 2 - KI_ 0.65 x 3.5 10 43.58

52.2
For = 43.58, f = 250 N/mm, and buckling curve b, nc

compressive stress Irom Table 8.7,

S 201.70 N/mm
Design compressive strength,
P=AJd=9221 x 201.70 x 10= 1859.87 KN
 373
Compression Members

i ) A b o u- a r i s

x 10'
slenderness ratio, A KL
=
0.65 x 3.5
AL_0.65 3.5 x 10- 15.529
tive 146.5
= 15.53

250 N/mm', and buckling curve a, the design com-

KL15.53.f =

For r
stress from Table 8.7.
pressive
226.447 N/mm2

compresive strength =
A, ed
Design = 9221 x 226.447 x 10
2088.06 kN
strength of the column is 1859.87 kN.
Hence.
the design compressive
compres.
stress using Eq. (16)
Design
(i) About yy-axris
factor a = 0.34.
curve b, from Table 8.5 the imperfection
For buckling
non-dimensional
slenderness ratio,
The

0.65 x 3.5 x 10|2x2x 10 = 0.490

=1250x 52.2

o, 0.5 [1 +aA,-0.2) +1]

0.34 x (0.490 -0.2) + 0.490]
= 0.5 [1 +

= 0.669

250/1.1
0.669 + (0.669-0.490 ".
o,+ (0-1)
202.11 N/mm
The design compressive strength, a=A,Ja
10"
= 9221 x 202.11 x
= 1863.65 kN

(11) About zz-axis

0.21.
a, from Table
8.5 the imperfection factor a=
Or buckling curve

ne non-dimensional slenderness ratio, A.

1250 x0.65 x146.5

3.5x10 10
2x = 0.175 < 0.2

=0.5 1+ af. -0.2) +:

0.52
0.5 [1 +0.21 x (0.2-0.2)+0.175-] =
 Compression Members 375

For
steel
of grade Fe 410:f,
250 MPa =

S
thook No. 1. the relevant properties of ISMC 400@ 484.6 N/m are.
Handbook.

b 100 mm. t,= 15.3 mm, , = 8.6 mm. r. = 154.8 mm. g = 60 mm.
9 3m m . b , =

10mm'.=504.8
:828x10
x
10 mm.C =24.2 mm
f channel sections = 2 x 6293 = 12.586 mm
Area bf
Area of plate section = (500 + 2x 100) x 16= 8000 mm

Total area provided = 12,586 + 8000 = 20.586 mm

distance of neutral ax1Is from top be .

Let
the

2x6293 x 16+8000x
20,586
= 135.168 mm
L= 2x [15.082.8 x 10 +6293 x (216-135.168)1

500x 16 + 500 x 16 x (135.168 8

-

12
= 51,342.82 x 10' mm

I= 2 x 504.8 x 10*+ 16xS00-+2 x 6293 x (150+ 24.2)

12
= 55,869.22 x 10 mm
AsI.is less than 1,, the minimum radius of gyration will be r,.

Minimum radius of gyration, r,

= 51342.82 x10- 157.92 mm
20.586

Efectiveslenderness ratio, T.5.5157.92

x - 34,82
= 16 + 15.3 = 31.3 mm <40 mm
rom Table 8.6, the design buckling curve about zz-axis is c and that about yy-axis
ZISO C.

fur KUr. = 34.82.f =250 N/mm, and buckling curve c, the design compressive
ts from Table 8.7.
Sed 204.734 N/mm
OCsign compressive load, P,= A,f= 20.586x 204.734 x 10 = 4214.65 kN

ple 8.4 Design a column to support a factored load of 1050 kN. The
u has an effective length of 7.0 m with respect to z-axis and 5.0 m with
spect to axis.
y-a Use steel of grade Fe. 410.
Slution For steel of rade Fe 410: , = 250 MPa
t s provide an I-section
FromTTable 8.6, column
the design buckling curve about 2-ax1s is a and the about yy-axis
Let us
the
the bucklstume the effective slenderness ratio to be 100. For I-section r, < r
hng curve b, the design compressive stress corresponding to effective
enderness T lio 100 from Table 8.7, is 118 N/mm.
 376 Limit State Design of Steel Structures

1050x 10 = 8898.3 mm
A
118
From /S Handbook No. 1, try ISHB 350 661.2 N/m. The relevant hes.
the section are.
A = 8591 mm. r = 149.3 mm, =53.4 n

Effective lengths
1, = KL = 7.0 m==7 x 10'mm
= KL =5.0 m = 5 x 10° mm

Eftective slenderness ratio:

about -axis = 7x10 46.885 < 180 which is safe.

149.3

about -ax1s =
5x 10 = 93.63< 180 which is safe.
53.4

F o r = 46.885. f, = 250 N/mm, and buckling curve a, the design compresit

Ne
stress from Table 8.7.
Sed = 207.49 N/mm
The design compressive load. P = A f = 8591 x 207.49 x 10 = 1782.54 kN
1050 kN
which is all right.
F o r = 93.63. f, = 250 N/mm, and buckling curve b, the design compressive

stress from Table 8.7.

Sed = 128. 19 N/mm
The design compressive load. Pa= A, fd = 8591 x 128.19 x 10 = 1101.28 kN
>1050 kN
which is safe.
Hence. provide ISHD 350 661.2 N/m.
Example 8.5 Design a stanchion 3.5 m long, in a building, subjected toa
factored load of 550 kN. Both the ends of the stanchion are effectively restrained
in direction and position. Use steel of grade Fe 410.

Solution For steel bf grade Fe 410:/ = 250 MPa

Let us provide on I-section column.
From Table 8.6. the design buckling curve about -axis is a and that abo
- a x i s is b.
Let us assume the etfective slenderness ratio to be 90. For I-section. , <r.
the buckling curve b, The design compressive stress corresponding the eliee
Irom lable 8.7, is 134 N/mm
slenderness ratio 90,
A =* 550x 10 - 4|04
134 mm
 Compression Members 377

taSHandbmkN , hook No. 1, try ISHB 150 339.4 N/m. The relevant properties of

A 4408 mm. r. = 60.9 mm. r,= 33.5 mmn

Th
ethecne
o
kngth
length of the column, I = KlL = 0.65 x 3.5 x 10= 2275 mm

hie
nimunmtadius
radius of gyration, r =r,
=
33.5 mm

22=
slendernesS ratio7 33.5 67.91 <180
= 250 N/mm, and buckling curve b, the design compressive
67.91.
from 1able 8.7,

a = 169.135 N/mm*

compressive load, Pa=A,fh= 4408 x 169.135 x 10 =

745.54 kN
design
e design
>50 kN

ersafe. Therefore let us try another one.

ction is
This
N/m. The relevant properties of the section are
SeletISHB 150 @265.9
A 3448 mm, r.=65.0 mm, r,= 35.4 mm

radius of gyration r =
r,= 35.4 mm
Theminimum
64.265 < 180
Efective
slenderness ratio =
250 N/mms, and buckling curve b, the design compressive
For= 64.265. f =

Ts from Table 8.7,

Se = 174.60 N/mm
3448 x 174.60 x 10= 602 kN
hedesign compressive load, Pj =Afed
> 550 kN

hch is all right.

N/m.
Hence, provide ISHB 150 @ 265.9
y
sample 8.6 For a column section 30 mm
l up of shape shown in Fig. Ex. 8.6,

ine capacity in com-

the axial load 20 mm

Son for the data indicated against the

gure. 500 mm

S 250 MPa
L = 6.0 m

20 mm 30 mm

30 mm y
End conditd restrained in 300 mm
nditions: Both ends
uTection and position.
Fig. Ex. 8.6
mf1.50