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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY

ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

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Experiment 2 Section text.

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OBJECTIVES:

• Understand graphical presentations of position changes as a function of time

• Calculate the acceleration from the position - time graph
• Analyze the motion of an object in free fall

BACKGROUND:

The motion of a body can be described by kinematics and dynamics. In kinematics, the motion of
the body is described using the properties of position, time, velocity, and acceleration. It does not involve
finding what causes the body to move. Kinematics involves one- dimensional and multidimensional motion.

For this experiment, one- dimensional motion or linear motion will be described. Linear motion or
motion along a straight line, can be horizontal or vertical motion. Motion can be a constant motion or a
uniformly accelerated motion. An object is moving at constant motion when its velocity is constant, while
an object is uniformly accelerating when it is moving at constant acceleration.

Motion of an object can be described analytically and graphically. For graphical analysis of motion,
velocity can be derived from the position – time graph, while acceleration from the velocity – time graph.
Analytically, motion of a body can be described by the following equations:

Horizontal Motion:

∆𝑥 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑜
𝑣̂ = =
∆𝑡 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡0

𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜
𝑎̂ = =
∆𝑡 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡0

At constant Acceleration:
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
1 2
∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
2 2
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑜 + 2𝑎∆𝑥

𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡

Vertical Motion at constant acceleration (freely falling body):

𝑚
𝑎̂𝑦 = 𝑔̂ = −9.81 (𝑔𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
𝑠2
𝑚
𝑣𝑦𝑜 = 0
𝑠
1 2
∆𝑦 = 𝑔̂𝑡
2
2
𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 2𝑔̂∆𝑦

𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 𝑔̂ 𝑡

PROCEDURES:

A. HORIZONTAL MOTION

For this experiment, you will use the Graphing of Motion Lab Simulation,
https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/GraphingOfMotionLabQuick/.

If you are using a computer or laptop, choose the desktop version. It will give you better control of the
pedals. For the touch screen version. You will have to click the pedal to start the behavior and click again
to end. Touch version will work on devices including desktop.

I. Analyzing Motion Graph

SET UP 1

1. Set the parameters: Speed – Rest ; Acceleration – Porchelike; Break – Pintolike

2. Click the y-axis to display position only.
3. Pres START.
4. As quickly as possible, hold/ click on the break for the entire 10 seconds.
5. Copy the graph.
6. Click again the y axis to display velocity only.
7. Copy the graph.
8. Find the slope of each graph.

SET UP 2
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
1. Click Reset to reset the system.
2. Set the parameters: Speed – Rest ; Acceleration – Teslalike; Break –Jeeplike
3. Click the y-axis to display position only.
4. Pres START.
5. As quickly as possible, step on the gas pedal for the entire 10 seconds.
6. Copy the graph.
7. Click again the y axis to display velocity only.
8. Copy the graph.
9. Find the slope of each graph.

SET UP 3

1. Reset the system.

2. Set the parameters: Speed – Rabbit; Acceleration – Teslalike; Break –Jeeplike
3. Click the y-axis to display position only.
4. Pres START.
5. As quickly as possible, step on the gas pedal for the entire 10 seconds.
6. Copy the graph.
7. Click again the y axis to display velocity only.
8. Copy the graph.
9. Find the slope of each graph.

II. Deriving Velocity and Acceleration from the Motion Graph

1. For Set Up 1 and 2, carefully get 5 data points from each graph.
2. Complete the Table provided in the Laboratory Report Sheet.
3. Transfer your data to this graphing program -
https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Tools/Graphing/index.html
4. Place time along the x- axis.
5. Curve fit your graph. Take note of the equation.

B. VERTICAL MOTION AT CONSTANT ACCELERATION (FREELY FALLING BODY)

For this part, you will need the following materials:

• three small balls of different masses and diameters
• timer or stopwatch
• meter stick or length measuring device

1. Drop each ball from height h = 300 cm and

measure the drop times t. Do three trials per
ball. The average of the three trials will be your
𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒
2ℎ h
2. Compute experimental g using 𝑔 = 2 . h
𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒
3. Try different heights h = 225, 150, and 75 h
h
cm.
4. Compute average of g. Compare with the true
value of g = 9.8 m/s2
6. Graph your data using
https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Tools/Graphing/index.html
7. Place time along the x- axis.
8. Curve fit your graph. Take note of the equation.