give lend pass send show After these verbs (give/lend etc), there are two possible structures: give something to somebody CI gave the keys to Sarah, give somebody something I gave Sarah the keys. give something to somebody something to somebody ‘That's my book. Give ‘These are Sue’ keys. Can you give Can you give I lent Did you send ‘We've seen these photos. You showed it tom them, to hy these flowers | to your mother? my car to a friend of mine. aposteard | to Kate? them to us give somebody something somebody _ something Give me that book. It’s mine, Tom gave | his mother | some flowers. 1 lent Joe some money. How much money did you lend him? 1 sent you an email. Did you get it? Nicole showed | us her holiday photos. Can you pass — | me the salt, please? You can also say ‘buy/get somebody something’: GI bought my mother some flowers. (= | bought some flowers for my mother.) Can you get me a newspaper when you go out? (= get a newspaper for me) You can say’ I gave the keys to Sarah. and \ gave Sarah the keys (but not I gave to Sarah the keys) 1 That’ my book. Can you give it to me? and Can you give me that book? (but not Can you give to me that book?) We prefer the first structure (give something to somebody) with it or them: DI gave it to her. (nor I gave her it) Ci Here are the keys. Give them to your father. (no! Give your father them) it/him/them etc. — Unit 59Exercises Unit 96 96.1 Mark had some things that he didn’t want. He gave them to different people. RAH ROBERTA NEIGHBOUR & & Write sentences beginning He gave .. 1 What did Mark do with the armchair? He. gare. it to his, brother. 2 What did he do with the tennis racket? He gave 3. What happened to the books? He 4 What about the lamp? 5 What did he do with the pictures? 6 And the ladder? 96.2 You gave presents to your friends, You decided to give them the things in the pictures. Write a sentence for each person. ' aut 2 joanna [3 ricuard | 4 cama 5 racuer | 6 KEVIN ge 1 1 gave, Paul a. book. 4 2 T gave 5 31 6 96.3 Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? / Can you pass me ... ? ete. 1 (yon want the salt) (pass). Can. you passe the zalk? 2 (you need an umbrella) (end) Can you 3. (you wane my address) (give) Can your 4 (you need twenty pounds) (lend) 5 (you want some information) (send) 6 (you want to sce the letter) (show) 7 (you want some stamps) (get) 96.4 / Did you send the letter to me? 4 Twant to buy for you a present. / I want to buy you a present, 5 Can you pass to me the sugar, please? / Can you pass me the sugar, please? 6 This is Lisa’ bag. Can you_give it to her? / Can you give her i? 7 I showed to the policeman my identity card. / I showed the policeman my identity cardand but or 30 because We use these words (conjunctions) to join two sentences. They make one longer sentence from two shorter sentences: sentence A The ear stopped. Ey ‘The driver got out, sentence B ‘The car stopped and the driver got out. and/but/or sentence A sentence B * It is not necessary to We stayed at home repeat ‘we’ and ‘she" (we)* watched television, My sister is married He doesn't like her, I bought a newspaper, Ita nice house, (she) lives in London, she doesn’t like him I didn’t read it. it hasn't got a garden. Do you want to go out, are you too tired? In lists, we use commas (.). We use and before the last thing: 1 got home, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair and fell asleep. 7 7 0 Karen is at work, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing football so (the result of something) sentence A sentence B Ie was very hot, so I opened the window. Joe does alot of sport, so he's very fit. ‘They don’t like travelling, so _ they haven't been to many places. because (the reason for something) sentence A sentence B L opened the window because it was very hot. Joe can’ come to the party because he’s going away. she didn’t have breakfast Lisa is hungry because Because is also possible at the beginning: C1 Because it was very hot, | opened the window. In these examples there is more than one conjunction: Gi Ie was late and | was tired, so I went to bed. 1 1 always enjoy visiting London, but I wouldn't like to live there because it’s too big. when/while/before etc, > Unit 98Exercises Unit 97 97.1 Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/but/or. Tstayed thence, T went to the window. I wanted to phone you I jumped into the river. Tusually drive to work. Do you want me to come with you? I didn’t have your number. Shall 1 wait here? Adida't-read-it, 1 went by bus this morning, I swam to the other side, T looked out, 1 | stayed. at home. and. watched. television. 2. L bought a newspaper, bub | didn’t. read, it, 31 4 SUE 1 It-was very hot, ...50.he.opened., the, window 2 They couldn't pl 3. They went to the museum, 4 Bill wasn't hungry, 5. Helen was late -ennis 6 Sue said 97.3 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/but ete. 1 (and) In the evening | stayed at home and studied... 2 (because) _..Lwent, to bed. very. early. because. | was. tired, 3 (bn) 4 (and) 5 (60) 6 (because)eI When ... ‘When I went out, it was raining. This sentence has two patts: when I went out + it was raining You can say: 1 When I went out, it was raining. or It was raining when I went out. We write a comma (,) if When ... is at the beginning { When you're tired, don’t drive. ~ | Don't drive when you're tired. o{ Hslen was 25 when she got married. 9 | When Helen got married, she was 25, ‘We do the same in sentences with before/while/after: of Always look both ways before you cross the road. “| Before you cross the road, always look both ways. a{ While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain. | Ie began to rain while I was waiting for the bus. He never played football again after he broke his leg. 8 ‘After he broke his leg, he never played foosball again When I am ... / When I go ... ete Next week Sarah is going to New York. She has a friend, Lisa, who lives in New York, but Lisa is also going away — to Mexico. Pik be in Mexico when you're here. So they won't see each other in New York. 7 Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in Je New York. ~ The time is fie (next week) but we say: when Sarah is in New York. Sf (not when Sarah will be) SARAH LISA We use the present (Iam / I go etc.) with a future meaning after when: 1 When I get home this evening, I'm going to have a shower. (not When I will get home) OI can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later when I have more time. We do the same after before/while/after/until: 1 Please close the window before you go out. (not before you will go) OF Rachel is going to stay in our flat while we are away. (not while we will be) OPM wait here until you come back. (not until you will come back) 206 if.and when ~» Unit 99 untit ~» Unit 104 before/whilelafter >Exercises Unit 98 98.1 Write sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes. ‘Lwent-out Tturned off the’ T'V V'm tired Talways go to the same place I phoned her there were no rooms When + | 1 55 on holiday + | ie-was reining the programme ended there was no answer I got to the hotel I ike to watch TV When |went oub, it was. redning, 98,2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box. somebody broke into the house before they came here when they heard the news | before they erassed-the-road- while they were away they didn’t believe me they went to live in New Zealand | 1 They looked both ways... before, they, crossed. the. road. 2 They were very surprised 3 After they got married, 4 Their house was damaged in a storm 5 Where did they live 6 While we were asleep, 7 When I told them what happened, 98.3 Which is right? 1 Lstay-/ I'l say here until you come /yowtLeome back. (ll stay and you come are right) Pm going to bed when L finish / T'll finish my work ‘We must do something before its / it will be too late. Helen is going away soon. I’m / I'll be very sad when she leaves / she'll leave. Don't go out yet. Wait until the rain stops / will stoy ‘We come / ‘ome and visit you when we're / we'll be in England again. ‘When I come / I'l come to see you tomorrow, | bring / [ll bring our holiday photos I'm going to Paris next week. I hope to see some friends of mine while I'm / I'l be there. ‘I need your address’ ‘OK, L give / I'll give it to you before 1 go / I'll go’ ) P'm not ready yet. Ltell / Tl tell you when I'm / T'll be ready. es 98.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 Can you close the window before... You. go 4b. 2 2 What are you going to do when 3 When I have enough money, 4 P'll wait for you while 5 When I start my new job, 6 Will you be here when“ki ifwego.. If yousee... ete. Shall we go by Well get there more ‘bus or taxi? quickly if we go by i Tt IF we go by bus, it will be cheaper If can be at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle: If at the beginning If we go by bus, it will be cheaper. If you don't hurry, you'll miss the train | Ifyou're hungry, have something to eat. If the phone rings, can you answer it, please? _| if in the middle Ic will be cheaper if we go by bus. You'll miss the train if you don’t hurry | I'm going to the concert if I can get a ticket. Is it OK _if | use your phone? | In conversation, we often use the if-part of the sentence alone: 1 ‘Are you going to the concert?” “Yes, if I can get a ticket’ If you see Ann tomorrow ... etc. After if, we use the present (not will). We say ‘if you see ...” (not if you will see): 1 If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me? C1 IE I’m late this evening, don't wait for me. (not if I will be) 3 What shall we do if it rains? (not if it will rain) (1 If | don’t feel well tomorrow, I'll stay at home, ifand when If I go out = it is possible that I will go out, but I'm not sure: GA: Are you going out later? DB: Maybe. IfT go out, I'll close the windows, When I go out = I’m going out (for sure): Gi a: Are you going out later? 1 &: Yes, am. When I go out, I'll close the windows Compare when and if { When I get home this evening, I'm going to have a shower. © If I'm late this evening, don’t wait for me. (not When I'm late) © We're going to play tennis if it doesn’t rain. (not when it doesn’t rain) 208 when + Unit 98 if had / if we went... ete, -» Unit 100Exercises Unit 99 99.1 99.2 99.3 99.4 Write sentences beginning with if. Choose from the boxes. ‘we can have lunch now you can have them can lend you some you'll get a certificate | -youdon’:-huery- you pass the exam you fail the exam you don't want this magazine TE+ | vou want those pictures youll belate youre busy now Tl throw it away you're hungry we can talk later you need money you can do it again 1! gou don’t hurry, you'll be. late, 2 If you pass 3g 4 6 7 8 Which is right? If 'm / bbe late this evening, don’t wait for me. (I'm és right) Will you call me if L_give /1'll give you my phone number? If there is /will be a fire, the alarm will ring. If { don’t see you tomorrow morning, I call / Vl-call you in the evening, I'm / lll be surprised if Martin and Jane get / will get married. Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they'll invite you? oR ewe Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 I'm going to the concert if ...!.64n, get. & ticket, If you don't hurry,.... You lk. miss, He, brain... I don’t want to disturb you if If you go to bed early tonight, Turn the television off if 6 Tina won't pass her exams if 7 ICL have time tomorrow, 8 We can go to the beach tomorrow if 9 I'll be surprised if Write if or when. son 1 Jf... I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me. 2 I'm going to do some shopping now. I come back, we can have lunch. 3 I’m thinking of going to see Tim. T go, will you come with me? 4 you don't want to go out tonight, we can stay at home. 5 Is it OK T close the window? 6 John is still at school he leaves school, he wants to go to college. 7 Shall we have a picnic tomorrow the weather is good? 8 We're going to Madrid next week. We haven't got anywhere to stay — we hope to find a hotel we get there. I don't know what we'll do we don’t find a room.Dan likes fast cars, but he doesn’t have one. He doesn't have enough money. If he had the money, he would buy a fast car. Usually had is past, but in this sentence had is not past. The had the money = if he had the money ow (but he doesn't have it), had / knew / lived / went (ctc.) didn’t have / didn’t know (ctc.) were could would(n’e) it they couldin’s) | go... You can say: 10 If he had the money, he would buy a car. or He would buy a car if he had the money Td / she'd / they'd etc. = | would / she would / they would etc. © I don't know the answer. If | knew the answer, PX tell you. 5 Its maining, so we're not going out. We'd get wet if we went out. 1 Jane lives in a city, She likes cities. She wouldn’t be happy if she lived in the country. 0 If you didn’t have a job, what would you do? (but you have a job) 10 P'm sorry I can’t help you. Pd help you if I could. (but I can’) 1 If we had a car, we could travel more. (but we haven't got a car, so we can’t travel much) If (l) was/were T would’ go out UF | were you ‘You cat! say “if I/he/she/it was’ or if I/he/she/it were’ (7 Its not a very nice place. I wouldn't go there if 1 were you. (or... if 1 was you) 1 It would be nice if the weather was better. (or... if the weather were better) | What would Tom do if he were here? (or... if he was here) Compare: if have / if it is ere i€ T had / if it was etc 1D I must go and see Helen. OT must go and see Helen. IE have time, will go today. If had time, | would go today. (= inaybe I'll have time, so maybe (= I don’t have time today, so I will Tl go) not go) 1 [ like that jacket 1 I like that jacket, but it very expensive Pl buy ic if ic isn’t too expensive Pd buy it if it wasn’t so expensive. (= maybe it will not be too expensive) (= itis expensive, so T'm not going to buy it) 1 PM help you #1 can. (= maybe 19 'd help you if | could, but I can't I can help) if we go [if Ihave /if I can ete. > Unit 89Exercises Unit 100 100.1 Complete the sentences. 1 I don't know the answer. If] _..KM@W... the answer, Id tell you Thave a car. I couldn't travel very much if 1... didn’t have” a car 3 [don't want to go out. [FI to go out, I'd go. 4 We haven't got a key. If we 2 key, we could get into the house. 5 I’m not hungry. 1 would have something to eat iff hungry. 6 Sue enjoys her work. She wouldn't do it if she it. 7 He can't speak any foreign languages. I'he speak a foreign language, perhaps he would get a better job. 8 You don't try hard enough. if you harder, you would have more success 9 Thave a lot to do today. IF so much to do, we could go out. 100.2 Put the verb in the correct form. 1 If..he Mad the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have) 2 Jane likes living ina city. .. Me wouldn't be. happy if she lived in the country. (she/not/be) 3 If I wanted to learn Italian, to Italy. (I/go) 4 [haven't told Helen what happened, She'd be angry if (she/know) 5 If a map, [could show you where I live. (we/have) 6 What would you do if a lot of money? (you/win) 7 Its not a very good hotel. there if I were you, (I/not/stay) sir nearer London, we would go there more often. (we/live) 9. Ita pity you have to go now. nice if you had more time. (it/be) 10 P'm not going to take the job. I'd take it if better. (the salary/be) 11 I don’t know anything about cars, If the car broke down, what to do. (I/not/know) 12 If you could change one thing in the world, what ? (you/change) 100.3 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form. we (have) a bigger house etbe}-e bit cheaper 1 (wateh) it we (buy) a bigger house every day (be) the same I (be) bored we (have) some pictures on the wall the air (be) cleaner Ta buy that jacket iff... was. a, bit, cheaper, If there was a good film on TV tonight, This room would be nicer if If there wasn’t so much traffic, Life would be boring if If [had nothing to do, We could invite all our friends to stay if. If we had more money, 100.4 Complete the sentences, Use your own ideas. 1 I'd be happier if... |, could. get a. better, Job, 2 If I could go anywhere in the world, 3. F wouldn't be very happy if Td buy if If I saw an accident in the street, 6 The world would be a better place if weVijay a person who... a thing that/which ... COM (relative clauses 1) I met a woman. She can speak six languages. 2 sentences she ~> who ~~ 1 sentence T met a woman who can speak six languages. Jack was wearing a hat. It was too big for him ~- 2 sentences meet] it > that or which = pale es |; 1 semence | Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him. | | or EY who is for people (not things) A thief is a person | who steals things. ) Do you know anybody | who can play the piano? \ ‘The man | who phoned didn't give his mame. } ‘The people | who work in the office | are very friendly that is for thin, or people: ‘An aeroplane is a machine | that flies Emma lives in a house | that is 400 Che people | that work in the office cars old. 1 are very friendly, You can use that for people, but who is more usual ] which is for things (noc people): {An aeroplane is a machine which flies. (ot a machine who ...) | Ema lives in a house | which is 400 years old Do not use which for people: 1 Do you remember the woman who was playing the piano at the party? (not the woman which ...) 212 who and which in questions L 47 the people we met (relative clauses 2) + Unit 102Exercises Unit 101 101.1 Chouse from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person who ... . Use a dictionary if necessary. doesn’t tell the truth. is ill in hospital takes care of your teeth -steals-things is very intelligent does stupid things plays a musical instrument sells meat a dentist abutcher a fool a musician a genius apatient a diar A thief is a. person. who steals. things. butcher is a person musician >> wu suo 101.2 Make one sentence from two. 1 (Aman phoned. He didn’t give his name.) The. man who phoned. didn't. give. his name. 2 (A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.) The woman a yellow dress. 3. (Some students took the exam, Most of chem passed.) Most of the students 4 (A policeman stopped our car, He wasn’t very friendly.) The 101.3 Write who or which. 1 [met a woman ...WH®._.. can speak six languages. 2 What's the name of the man has just started work in your office? 3. What's the name of the river flows through the town? 4 Where is the picture was hanging on the wall? 5 Do you know anybody wants to buy a car? 6 You always ask questions are difficult to answer. 7 Thavea friend is very good at repairing cars. 8 I think everybody went to the party enjoyed it very much, 9 Why does he ahways wear clothes are too small for him? 101.4 Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes. 1A thief is a person which steals things. . person who. steals, 2 An aeroplane is a machine that flies. OK 3. A coffee maker is a machine who makes coffe 4 Have you seen the money that was on the table? 5 I don't like people which never stop talking. 6 I know somebody that can help you 7 [know somebody who works in that shop. 8 Correct the sentences who are wrong 9. My acighbour bought a car who cost £40,000.‘The man is carrying @ bog} > sswrences Se eel The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy, ~ 1 sentence: Kate won some money. ‘What is she going to do with ir? i 2 sentences What is Kate going to do with (that) she won? 1 sentence You can say: © The bag that he is carrying... or ‘The bag he is carrying ... (with or (.... the money that Kate won? or... the money Kate won? You do not need that/who/which when it is the objec subject _verb object the money without that) ‘The man | was carrying | a bag — the bag (that) the man was carrying Kate | won some money — the money (that) Kate won wanted some books = the books (that) you wanted We | met some people — the people (who) we met 15 Did you find the books you wanted? (or ... the books that you want 1D The people we met were very friendly. (or The people who we met 1 Everything I said was true. (or Everything that I said...) We say: The film we saw was very good. (not The film we saw it was ..) Sometimes there is a preposition (to/in/at etc) after the verb: Eve is talking to a man. Do you know the man Eve is talkit ted?) ) ing t We stayed ata hotel. -* The hotet we stayed at was near the station told you about some books. We say the books I told you about. (not the books I rold you about them) You can say (a place) where 11 The hotel where we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stay You must use who/that/which when it is the subject (* Unit 101) 111 met a woman who can speak six languages. (who is the subject) G Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him. (that is the subject) 4 person who .., a thing that/which .. (relative clauses 1) —> Unit 107 These are the books I told you about. wed at ...)Exercises 102.7 102.3 102.4 ‘Make one sentence from two. 1 (Helen took some photographs, Have you seen them?) Have. you, seen the. photographs. Helen. took? 2 (You gave me a pen. I've lost it.) ve lost the 3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. 1 like it.) I like the 4 (L gave you some flowers. Where are the Where are the (He told usa story. I didn’t believe it.) I 6 (You bought some oranges. How much were they?) How Make one sentence from two. 1 (Iwas carrying a bag. It was very heavy) The bag | was. carrying, mas very heayy.. (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.) The 3 (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very comfortable.) The shoes 4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.) The You ask your friend some questions. Complete the sentences. 1 Your friend stayed at a hotel. You ask What's the name of... the. Wobel. you stayed. at Your friend was talking to some people. You ask: ‘Who are the people 3 Your friend was looking for some keys. You ask: Did you find the 4 Your friend is going to a party. You ask: Where is the ‘Your friend was talking about a film. You ask: ‘What’ the name of 6 Your friend is listening to some music. You ask: What's that 7 Your friend was waiting for a letter. You ask: Did you get Complete the questions. Use where. 1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him: Did yon like. Ene hotel where you. stayed. Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her: What's the name of the restaurant 3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her: How big is the 4 Richard works in a factory. You ask him: Where exactly is Unit 1028 o'clock 1 I start work at 8 o’clock. 10.30 11 The shops close at 5.30. midnight ete, Bye! I'll sce you on Friday. Sunday(s) / Monday(s) ete. | © 3S ‘April 76 June ae 1 What do you usually do on Sundays? New Year's Day ete. = © The concert is on 22 November. - L I'm going on holiday in October. feelin oe © Emma was born in 1983, 6 The park is beautifil in spring. summer/spring etc. at the weekend @ Are you going away at the weekend? at night © Lean’t sleep at night, at Christmas / at Easter | © Where will you be at Christmas? (but on Christmas Day) at the end of I'm going on holiday at the end of October. at the moment 1 Are you busy at the moment? in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening J L always feel good in the morning. 5 Do you often go out in the evening? but ‘on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Friday evening / on Saturday night etc. : 1 I'm meeting Joanne on Monday morning. 11 Are you doing anything on Saturday night? We do no! use at/on/in before J] _ Li Ate you going out this evening? 1 We go on holiday every summer. Last summer we went to Canada I'm leaving next Monday. this .. (this morning / this week etc) last .., (last August / last week etc.) nnoxt ... (next Monday / next week et.) vo (every day sty week c every «(every day / every week et) | (aay on next Monday) in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc. 1 Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes. Loa ‘< (= it leaves five minutes from now) 1 Bye! T'llsee you in a few days. in five minutes (a few days from now) injatjon (places) -> Units 106-107| Exercises Unit 103 103.1 Write at/onfin. 1M... 6 June 7 24 September 13 Friday morning 2 W.. the evening 8 Thursday 14 Saturday night 3 half past two 9 11.45 15 night 4 Wednesday 10 Christmas Day 16 the end of the day 5 1997 a Christmas. 17 the weekend 6 September 12 the morning 18 winter 103.2 Write atfonjin. 1 Bye! See you 0M... Friday. 11 I often go away the weekend. 2 Where were you 28 February? 12. I'm starting my new job 3 July. 3 I got up 8 o'clock this morning. 13 We often go to the beach summer. 4 [like getting up early the morning. 14 George isn’t here the moment. 5 My sister got married May. 15 Jane’ birthday is December 6 Diane and I first met 191. 16 Do you work Saturdays? 7 Did you go out Tuesday? 17 The company started 1989. 8 Did you go out Tuesday evening? 18 [ like to look at the stars night, 9 Do you often go out the evening? _19 I'll send you the money the end of 10 Lets meet 7.30 tomorrow evening. the month, 103.3 Look at Lisa's diary for next week and complete the sentences. a Lisa is going to the cinema ....on Wednesday evening She has to phone Chris She isn’t doing anything special She's got a driving lesson She’s going to a party 5 She's meeting Sam geonesag vin ti SATURDAY Linea erbring) MF Gcby Grening) 103.4 Write sentences with in ... . 1 Its 8.25 now: The train leaves at 8.30. The. train, leaves. in five _miraates, 2 I's Monday today. I'l call you on Thursday. Tl days. 3 Today is 14 June. My exam is on 28 June. My 4 Its 3 o'clock now, ‘Tom will be here at 3.30. Tom 103. Write at/on/in if necessary, Sometimes the sentence is already complete, and no word is necessary. 1 I'm going ....%.. Friday 7 What are you doing the weekend? 2 [’'m going ....7... next Friday. (already complete) 8 \ phone Robert every Sunday. 3 Lalways feel tired the evening, 9 Shall we play tennis next Sunday? 4 Will you be at home this evening? 10 I can't go to the party Sunday 5 We went to France last suramer. 11 I'm going out. I'll be back an hour. 6 Laura was born 1990 12. I don't often go out night.