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Cod

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is used to quantify the amount of organic compounds in a sample that can be oxidized by a strong chemical oxidant. The closed reflux titrimetric method involves adding a potassium dichromate solution and sulfuric acid to the sample, heating it, then titrating the remaining dichromate with ferrous ammonium sulfate and calculating COD from the titration values. The COD result expresses the amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds in the sample in mg per liter.

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68 views2 pages

Cod

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is used to quantify the amount of organic compounds in a sample that can be oxidized by a strong chemical oxidant. The closed reflux titrimetric method involves adding a potassium dichromate solution and sulfuric acid to the sample, heating it, then titrating the remaining dichromate with ferrous ammonium sulfate and calculating COD from the titration values. The COD result expresses the amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds in the sample in mg per liter.

Uploaded by

Aw Ting Hui
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)

DEFINITION
The chemical oxygen demand (COD) determination is a measure of the oxygen equivalent of that portion of the organic matter
in a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant.

CLOSED REFLUX TITRIMETRIC METHOD

APPARATUS
1. COD CELLS
2. HEATING BLOCK

REAGENT
1. Potassium Dichromate Digestion Solution 0.01667M
2. Sulphuric Acid Reagent
3. Ferroin Indicator
4. Ferrous ammonium sulfate Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 0.10M (FAS) :
Standardize solution being used against standard potassium dichromate solution.
Pipet 5.0ml digestion solution into a small beaker. Add 10ml distilled water to substitute for sample. Cool to room
temperature. Add 1 to 2 drop diluted ferroin indicator and titrate with FAS titrant.

STANDARDISATION
1. Put 2.5 ml distilled water to a COD Cell
2. Add 1.5 ml Potassium Dichromate solution and 3.5 ml sulfuric acid reagent to the cell
3. Cool and titrate with FAS using 1-2 drops ferroin indicator. The end point is reached when the blue green colour
changes sharply to reddish brown, even though the blue green mar reappear within minutes

Molarity of FAS solution

Volume of 0.01667M K2Cr2O7 solution titrated, ml


= ____________________________________________________ x 0.1000
Volume FAS used in titration, ml

PROCEDURE
1. Measure 2.5 ml sample into a COD cell.
2. Add 1.5 ml Potassium Dichromate solution. ( The most critical volumes in this experiment are the volumes of sample and
digestion solution).
3. Add 3.5ml Sulphuric Acid Reagent slowly down inside of vessel (Caution : Wear gloves and eye shield) . The cell will
get hot during this process.
4. (** Carry out a Blank replacing sample with distilled water and including all the other reagents added to the sample)
5. Heat all cells at 150O C in Heating Block for 2 hrs.
6. Cool to room temperature and titrate using 2 drops ferroin indicator with 0.1M Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate titrant.

CALCULATION

(a−b )M×8 , 000


mg/l
COD as mg O2/L = ml sample
where:
COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand
a = ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 or FeSO4 used for blank
b = ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 or FeSO4 used for sample
M = Molarity of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2
8000 = milliequivalent weight of oxygen x 1000ml/L

UNIT mg per litre

EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
Results are to be expressed to the nearest whole number.

Reference
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition (APHA, AWWA, WEF)

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