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Abstract of Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Radiated Partial Discharge Signals

This document compares frequency spectrum analyses of partial discharge (PD) signals measured simultaneously using free-space radiometry (FSR) and a contact method based on IEC 60270. PD was generated from a floating electrode emulator and measured with a biconical antenna for FSR and a coupling capacitor for contact. While the time domain signals showed similarities, the frequency spectra differed, with the FSR method showing more energy distributed across higher frequencies. Both methods found most energy was contained below 290 MHz.

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Hamd Mohamed
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73 views3 pages

Abstract of Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Radiated Partial Discharge Signals

This document compares frequency spectrum analyses of partial discharge (PD) signals measured simultaneously using free-space radiometry (FSR) and a contact method based on IEC 60270. PD was generated from a floating electrode emulator and measured with a biconical antenna for FSR and a coupling capacitor for contact. While the time domain signals showed similarities, the frequency spectra differed, with the FSR method showing more energy distributed across higher frequencies. Both methods found most energy was contained below 290 MHz.

Uploaded by

Hamd Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Radiated


Partial Discharge Signals

Conference Paper · July 2016

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Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Radiated Partial Discharge
Signals
A Jaber1, P Lazaridis1, Y Zhang1, B Saeed1, U Khan1, D Upton1, H Ahmed1,
P Mather1, M F Q Vieira2, R Atkinson3, M Judd4, R Seviour1 and I A Glover1

1
Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
3
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
4
High Frequency Diagnostics & Engineering Ltd, Glasgow G2 6HJ, UK
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract 2 Experimental devices

Partial discharge is measured simultaneously using Figure 1 demonstrates the devices used to simultaneously
free-space radiometry (FSR) and a contact capture contact and FSR measurements from the same PD
measurement approach based on the IEC 60270 event.
standard. The PD source is a specially constructed Biconical antenna
2m
emulator of the floating-electrode type. The power Electromagnetic wave
supply applied to the source is DC. A biconical antenna 1000 pF
H.V. DC
is used to capture the radiated signal and the frequency Oscilloscope Source 4Ω
spectrum is obtained by FFT analysis of time-domain
pulses. The relative spectral densities in the frequency ch1 ch2 Floating-electrode
PD emulator
bands 50 MHz - 290 MHz, 290 MHz - 470 MHz and 470 Coaxial cable
MHz – 800 MHz are determined.

Keywords: Partial discharge; free space radiometric


measurement; IEC 60270; PD spectral density.

1 Introduction
Measurement of partial discharge (PD) is an important tool
to avoid catastrophic failure of high voltage (HV)
equipment. PD can be monitored using optical, chemical,
acoustic and/or electrical methods. A major problem in HV Figure 1. PD measurement apparatus.
power systems is breakdown and degradation of insulators
[1]. PD measurement has been used to diagnose substation
PD is created by applying a HV DC to the artificial PD
insulation faults and predict imminent equipment failure
source which is a floating-electrode PD emulator with a
with consequent reduction in system outage [2].
0.50 mm gap from the floating electrodes to the HV. The
radiometric measurements were made with a biconical
Traditional electrical methods of measuring PD use high antenna connected a 4 GHz, 20 GSa/s, digital sampling
frequency current transformers (HFCTs) and transient earth oscilloscope (DSO). A biconical antenna was located 2m
voltage (TEV) sensors to collect PD pulses. These methods from the PD emulator source, and was horizontally
involve the physical attachment of a sensor to a particular polarised. The voltage rating of the coupling capacitor is 40
item of plant. The radiometric method of measuring PD kV in contact measurement technique. For detecting PD, a
uses an antenna to receive the signals radiated by the coupling capacitor was connected parallel with the artificial
transient PD pulses. Some diagnostic techniques depend on PD source [3].
the spectrum of the PD pulse energy.

In this paper the frequency spectrum of radiated PD energy 3 Experimental results


is compared with the spectrum of energies measured using
the electrical contact method described in the IEC 60270 The two measurements captured by contact measurement
standard. The PD source used for the comparison is a and the FSR techniques, are shown in Figure 2. The PD
floating electrode PD emulator. The measurements were event occurred at a HV of 6.2 kV. This event is illustrative
carried out in a laboratory environment. of many similar measurements.
Figure 2. FSR and contact measurements comparison. Figure 4. Frequency bands energy content for the FSR
measurement method.
There is an approximate similarity between the temporal
decay of the two signals in the two measurements, which
was more similar than expected. For the FSR measurement,
severe band limiting caused by the electromagnetic
radiation and reception processes was expected. In contrast,
the contact measurement was expected to produce less
severe band limiting – this should, in principle, result in a
less pronounced ringing. The conclusion is that band
limiting is controlled by the capacitive and inductive
features of the floating-electrode PD emulator and the
connecting cables, rather than the frequency response of the
antenna that receives the FSR measurement. Frequency
spectra demonstrate that the PD discharge central
frequency is located in the frequency range of 50 - 290 Figure 5. Frequency bands energy content for contact
MHz. However, frequency spectra of FSR and contact measurement method.
measurements can be seen not to be identical, with
differences in their energy distribution as shown in Figure 4 Conclusions
3.
PD signals were captured using FSR and contact
measurement techniques. The signals were analysed in the
time and frequency domains. The results show an optical
similarity in the time domain signals. Frequency spectra
demonstrate that the PD discharge central frequency is
located in the low frequency band, in particular the
frequency range of 50 - 290 MHz. However, frequency
spectra of FSR and contact measurements are not identical,
with differences in their energy distribution. FSR and
contact measurement techniques confirm that, the energy
concentration of the PD signal in the frequency band of 50
MHz - 290 MHz is higher than the energy in the other
frequency bands.

Figure 3. Normalised frequency spectra of FSR and Acknowledgements


contact measurements. The authors acknowledge the Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council for their support of this work
Most of the power in the PD radiation is contained in the under grant EP/J015873/1.
band 50 MHz to 800 MHz. Figures 4 and 5 depict the three
measurements of PD pulse energy for the FSR and contact References
[1] E. A. G. Stone, Boulter, I. Culbert, H. Dhirani, "Electrical Insulation
measurement, in which a clear distinction is seen between for Rotating Machines," IEEE Press, 2004.
the two techniques. The frequency spectrum was separated [2] I. E. Portugues, P. J. Moore, I. A. Glover, C. Johnstone, R. H.
into three bands, and the energy contained within each band McKosky, M. B. Goff, et al., "RF-Based Partial Discharge Early
is plotted. The frequency spectrum in the 50 - 290 MHz, Warning System for Air-Insulated Substations," IEEE Transactions
on Power Delivery, vol. 24, pp. 20-29, 2009.
290 - 470 MHz and 470 - 800 MHz bands is observed on a
linear scale amplitude. The total energy and the percentage [3] A. Jaber, P. Lazaridis, Y Zhang, D Upton, H Ahmed, U Khan, B
Saeed, P Mather, M F Q Vieira, R Atkinson, M Judd, and I A
of energy present in the frequency bands is also shown. Glover, "Comparison of contact measurement and free-space
radiation measurement of partial discharge signals," in Automation
and Computing (ICAC), 2015 21st International Conference on,
2015, pp. 1-4.

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