Assignment # 1

1. Define the following

a. Cloud Computing 
Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet. These resources
include tools and applications like data storage, servers, databases, networking, and
software.

b. Public, private and hybrid cloud.

Public cloud is cloud computing that’s delivered via the internet and shared across
organizations.
Private cloud is cloud computing that is dedicated solely to your organization.
Hybrid cloud is any environment that uses both public and private clouds.

c. Cloud bursting
In cloud computing, cloud bursting is a configuration that’s set up between a private cloud
and a public cloud to deal with peaks in IT demand. If an organization using a private cloud
reaches 100 per cent of its resource capacity, the overflow traffic is directed to a public
cloud so there’s no interruption of services.

Reference
https://azure.microsoft.com

2) Discuss cloud computing service models. Give examples. (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS)

 IaaS: Cloud-based services, pay-as-you-go for services such as storage, networking, and
virtualization. IaaS gives users cloud-based alternatives to on-premise infrastructure, so
businesses can avoid investing in expensive on-site resources
IaaS examples: AWS EC2, Rackspace, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Digital Ocean,
Magento 1 Enterprise Edition*.

 PaaS: Hardware and software tools available over the internet. PaaS is primarily used by
developers who are building software or applications. Developers don’t need to start
from scratch when creating applications, saving them a lot of time (and money) on
writing extensive code. PaaS is a popular choice for businesses who want to create
unique applications without spending a fortune or taking on all the responsibility. It’s
kind of like the difference between hiring a venue to put on a show vs. building a venue
to put on a show. The venue stays the same, but what you create in that space is
unique.
PaaS examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Windows Azure (mostly used as PaaS),
Force.com, OpenShift, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud.

 SaaS: Software that’s available via a third-party over the internet. With SaaS, you don’t
need to install and run software applications on your computer (or any computer).
 Everything is available over the internet when you log in to your account online. You can
usually access the software from any device, anytime (as long as there is an internet
connection). The same goes for anyone else using the software. All your staff will have
personalized logins, suitable to their access level.
SaaS examples: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, MailChimp, ZenDesk,
DocuSign, Slack, Hubspot.

Reference
www.bigcommerce.com

3) Write short note on

a. Amazon EC2:

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) provides scalable computing capacity in the
Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud. Using Amazon EC2 eliminates your need to invest in
hardware up front, so you can develop and deploy applications faster. You can use Amazon EC2
to launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, configure security and networking, and
manage storage. Amazon EC2 enables you to scale up or down to handle changes in
requirements or spikes in popularity, reducing your need to forecast traffic.

Features of Amazon EC2:

Amazon EC2 provides the following features:

 Virtual computing environments, known as instances

 Preconfigured templates for your instances, known as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), that
package the bits you need for your server (including the operating system and additional
software)

 Various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity for your instances,
known as instance types

 Secure login information for your instances using key pairs (AWS stores the public key, and you
store the private key in a secure place)

 Storage volumes for temporary data that's deleted when you stop, hibernate, or terminate your
instance, known as instance store volumes

 Persistent storage volumes for your data using Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS), known
as Amazon EBS volumes

 Multiple physical locations for your resources, such as instances and Amazon EBS volumes,
known as Regions and Availability Zones

 A firewall that enables you to specify the protocols, ports, and source IP ranges that can reach
your instances using security groups

 Static IPv4 addresses for dynamic cloud computing, known as Elastic IP addresses
 Metadata, known as tags, that you can create and assign to your Amazon EC2 resources

Access Amazon EC2:

Amazon EC2 provides a web-based user interface, the Amazon EC2 console. If you've signed up
for an AWS account, you can access the Amazon EC2 console by signing into the AWS
Management Console and selecting EC2 from the console home page.

If you prefer to use a command line interface, you have the following options:

 AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)

Provides commands for a broad set of AWS products, and is supported on Windows, Mac, and
Linux. To get started, see AWS Command Line Interface User Guide. For more information about
the commands for Amazon EC2, see ec2 in the AWS CLI Command Reference.

 AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Provides commands for a broad set of AWS products for those who script in the PowerShell
environment. To get started, see the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell User Guide. For more
information about the cmdlets for Amazon EC2, see the AWS Tools for PowerShell Cmdlet
Reference.

How to Use AWS EC2:

Step 1 − Sign-in to AWS account and open IAM console by using the following link
https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/.

Step 2 − In the navigation Panel, create/view groups and follow the instructions.

Step 3 − Create IAM user. Choose users in the navigation pane. Then create new users and add
users to the groups.

Step 4 − Create a Virtual Private Cloud using the following instructions.

 Open the Amazon VPC console by using the following link −

https://console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/
 Select VPC from the navigation panel. Then select the same region in which we have created
key-pair.
 Select start VPC wizard on VPC dashboard.
 Select VPC configuration page and make sure that VPC with single subnet is selected. The
choose Select.
 VPC with a single public subnet page will open. Enter the VPC name in the name field and leave
other configurations as default.
 Select create VPC, then select Ok.
 Step 5 − Create WebServerSG security groups and add rules using the following instructions.

 On the VPC console, select Security groups in the navigation panel.

 Select create security group and fill the required details like group name, name tag, etc.
 Select your VPC ID from the menu. Then select yes, create button.
 Now a group is created. Select the edit option in the inbound rules tab to create rules.

Step 6 − Launch EC2 instance into VPC using the following instructions.

 Open EC2 console by using the following link − https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/

 Select launch instance option in the dashboard.
 A new page will open. Choose Instance Type and provide the configuration. Then select next:
Configure Instance Details.
 A new page will open. Select VPC from the network list. Select subnet from the subnet list and
leave the other settings as default.
 Click next until the Tag Instances page appears.

Step 7 − On the Tag Instances page, provide a tag with a name to the instances. Select Next:
Configure Security Group.

Step 8 − On the Configure Security Group page, choose the Select an existing security group
option. Select the WebServerSG group that we created previously, and then choose Review and
Launch.

Step 9 − Check Instance details on Review Instance Launch page then click the Launch button.

Step 10 − A pop up dialog box will open. Select an existing key pair or create a new key pair.
Then select the acknowledgement check box and click the Launch Instances button.

AWS Services:

Amazon has many services for cloud applications. Amazon has a list of services:

 Compute service
 Storage
 Database
 Networking and delivery of content
 Security tools
 Developer tools
 Management tools
 Messaging

b) Microsoft Azure:
Azure was created in 2010 by Microsoft to provide cloud services where users could build, test,
deploy, and manage their applications on data centers of Microsoft. These data centers have
been spread across 54 global regions. Microsoft offers various services across multiple domains
such as Compute, Database, Content Delivery, Networking and many more.

Microsoft Azure Services:

 Azure Compute
 Azure Networking
 Azure Storage
 Azure Database

Microsoft Azure Features:

 Disaster Recovery
 Security
 Flexibility
 Cost

Microsoft Azure Services:

 Compute: Includes Virtual Machines, Virtual Machine Scale Sets, Functions for serverless
computing, Batch for containerized batch workloads, Service Fabric for microservices and
container orchestration, and Cloud Services for building cloud-based apps and APIs.
 Networking: With Azure you can use variety of networking tools, like the Virtual Network,
which can connect to on-premise data centers; Load Balancer; Application Gateway; VPN
Gateway; Azure DNS for domain hosting, Content Delivery Network, Traffic Manager,
ExpressRoute dedicated private network fiber connections; and Network Watcher
monitoring and diagnostics
 Storage: Includes Blob, Queue, File and Disk Storage, as well as a Data Lake Store, Backup
and Site Recovery, among others.
 Web + Mobile: Creating Web + Mobile applications is very easy as it includes several
services for building and deploying applications.
 Containers: Azure has a property which includes Container Service, which supports
Kubernetes, DC/OS or Docker Swarm, and Container Registry, as well as tools for
microservices.
 Databases: Azure has also includes several SQL-based databases and related tools.
 Data + Analytics: Azure has some big data tools like HDInsight for Hadoop Spark, R Server,
HBase and Storm clusters
 AI + Cognitive Services: With Azure developing applications with artificial intelligence
capabilities, like the Computer Vision API, Face API, Bing Web Search, Video Indexer,
Language Understanding Intelligent. Internet of Things: Includes IoT Hub and IoT Edge
 services that can be combined with a variety of machine learning, analytics, and
communications services.
 Security + Identity: Includes Security Center, Azure Active Directory, Key Vault and Multi-
Factor Authentication Services.
 Developer Tools: Includes cloud development services like Visual Studio Team Services,
Azure DevTest Labs, HockeApp mobile app deployment and monitoring, Xamarin cross-
platform mobile development and more.

c) Google App Engine:

Google App Engine (GAE) is a service for developing and hosting Web applications in Google's
data centers, belonging to the platform as a service (PaaS) category of cloud computing. Web
applications hosted on GAE are sandboxed and run across multiple servers for redundancy and
allowing for scaling of resources according to the traffic requirements of the moment. App
Engine automatically allocates additional resources to the servers to accommodate increased
load.

Features of Google App Engine:

1. Collection of Development Languages and Tools

2. 2. Fully Managed
3. Pay-as-you-Go
4. Effective Diagnostic Services
5. Traffic Splitting

Google App Engine Services:

 Platform as a Service (PaaS) to build and deploy scalable applications.

 Hosting facility in fully-managed data centers.
 A fully-managed, flexible environment platform for managing application server and
infrastructure.
 Support in the form of popular development languages and developer tools.

Benefits of Google App Engine:

 All Time Availability

 Easy to Use Platform
 Ensure Faster Time to Market
 Diverse Set of APIs
 Increased Scalability
 Improved Savings
 Smart Pricing
 Reference
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/concepts.html

https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Windows-Azure

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/31267/google-app-engine-gae

4) When is feasible to use public cloud instead of private cloud?

A public cloud is s standard cloud computing model where in the service provider manages
storage and computing resources on behalf of the customer across the globe. The term public
cloud arose to the difference between the private cloud and standard model, which runs on the
data Centre or proprietary network of the user. Public Cloud is controlled by outsiders, and
applications from various clients are shared on the supplier’s cloud servers, stockpiling
frameworks, and systems. Public Cloud is regularly facilitated away from client premises, and
they attempt to decrease client hazard and cost by substituting their endeavor foundation.
Advantages of Public Cloud incorporate the simplicity of on-request adaptability as they are
more significant than an organization’s private cloud. It additionally moves foundation dangers
from the undertaking to the cloud supplier as every one of the assets are overseen by the
supplier as it were.

Features & Benefits of Public cloud

o Ultimate Scalability
o Cost-Effective
o Utility Style Costing
o Reliability
o Flexibility
o Location Independence

Reference
https://phoenixnap.com/blog/public-vs-private-cloud

5) Explain the consequences of overprovisioning and under provisioning of data centers to an

organization. Also discuss how cloud computing can be an optimal solution in such scenarios.
(Read research paper: Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., &
Stoica, I. (2009). Above the clouds: A berkeley view of cloud computing. Dept. Electrical
Eng. and Comput. Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Rep. UCB/EECS, 28(13),
2009.

Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a
large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the
way IT hardware is designed and purchased. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet
services no longer require the large capital outlays in hardware to deploy their service or the
human expense to operate it. They need not be concerned about overprovisioning for a service
whose popularity does not meet their predictions, thus wasting costly resources, or under
provisioning for one that becomes wildly popular, thus missing potential customers and
revenue. Moreover, companies with large batch-oriented tasks can get results as quickly as their
programs can scale, since using 1000 servers for one hour costs no more than using one server
for 1000 hours. This elasticity of resources, without paying a premium for large scale, is
unprecedented in the history of IT. The obvious solution is to standardize the APIs so that a SaaS
developer could deploy services and data across multiple Cloud Computing providers so that the
failure of a single company would not take all copies of customer data with it. The obvious fear
is that this would lead to a “race-to-the-bottom” of cloud pricing and flatten the profits of Cloud
Computing providers. We offer two arguments to allay this fear.

Reference
Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., & Stoica, I. (2009). Above the
clouds: A berkeley view of cloud computing. Dept. Electrical Eng. and Comput. Sciences,
University of California, Berkeley, Rep. UCB/EECS, 28(13), 2009.