DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION

SCIENCE FORM 3
2020
(NOTES, PBD, EXERCISE)
NAME:
CLASS:

CHAPTER :3
TRANSPORTATION

CONTENT CONTENT DATE TEACHER’S

STANDARD SIGN
3.1 Transport System in Organisms
3
3.2 Blood Circulatory System
TRANSPORTATION 3.3 Human Blood
3.4 Transport System in Plants

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
NOTES

3.1 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ORGANISMS

NEED FOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ORGANISMS

• Every cell needs ____________________ for cell respiration and ______________ to obtain energy.
• At the same time, _________________ and ______________________ produced by cells need to be
eliminated to the external environment.
• The process of _________________oxygen, nutrients and other useful substances from the external
environment into the cells is through __________________.
• The process of _______________________ waste products from the cells is also through diffusion.
• What is the system that carries useful substances to all parts of the body of an organism and eliminates
waste products from the body? ____________________________________________________

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN SIMPLE ORGANISMS

• Simple organisms such as _________________________do not have a specialised transport system.
• Substances ______________ by cells such as oxygen and nutrients enter directly into cells via
______________ through the cell membrane.
• ___________________ such as carbon dioxide are also eliminated from cells to the external environment
via ________________through the cell membrane.

Diffusion

Diffusion

Amoeba

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TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN COMPLEX ORGANISMS

• _________________ such as humans, vertebrates and multicellular plants have a ___________________

transport system .

Transport in plant

• The process of exchange of substances needed by cells and waste products between complex organisms
and the external environment (via diffusion) occurs __________________ and not comprehensively
because complex organisms have a ___________________.
• Through this ______________________________, oxygen and nutrients can be carried to all the body cells
in complex organisms and waste products can be eliminated from all the body cells to the external
environment

IMPORTANCE OF THE FUNCTION OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ORGANISMS

✓ Carries substances
______________ by cells ✓ Carries substances needed
such as oxygen and by ______________such as
nutrients that are used mineral salts, water
to produce energy and products of
through ________________
_________________

✓ eliminates toxic _____________________from the cells in organisms to the

external environment

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 3.1 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ORGANISMS
Answer the following questions.

1. The diagram below shows a type of simple organism (unicellular organism).

(a) Does a simple organism have a specific transport system? PL 1

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Name the process of transporting necessary substances of the cells and excretory products through the cell
membrane. PL 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The diagrams below show the transport systems in complex organisms (humans, vertebrates and multicellular
plants)

(a) Does a complex organism have a specific transport system? PL 1

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How does the transport system in complex organisms work? PL 2

A special transport system transports _________________ and _________________into all the body
cells and removes ______________________from all the cells out of the body.

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
NOTES

3.2 BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN VERTEBRATES

• Humans and all vertebrates such as mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish (complex
organisms) have a specialised transport system, that is the _________________________.
• In the blood circulatory system of all vertebrates, blood flows continuously in __________________ to all
parts of the body in __________________________ through the _________
• However, there are __________________________________in the blood circulatory system among
mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish.

Blood circulatory system of vertebrates

Similarites:
• Made up of a system that allows ______________________________________in blood vessels through
the ______________ which pumps blood to the whole body and back to the heart. (closed blood
circulatory system)

Differences:
Features/ Mammals and birds Reptiles Amphibians Fish
type of
organisms
Diagram

Number of
chambers
in the heart
(atrium
and
ventricle)

The
number of
times blood
passes
through in
the heart in
one
complete
cycle

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN HUMANS
• The human blood circulatory system
involves the circulation of blood which is vein

pumped from an organ known as the

artery
______________________ to all parts of the
body and specialised blood vessels, namely
____________________, ________________ and
capillary
________________ as shown in figure.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN HEART

1. Complete and label the diagram below that show the structures of heart

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
2. Complete the label of simple structure of heart

1. Complete the table that shows the functions of each parts of the heart.
Parts of the hearts Functions:
Chambers (i) Left atrium (has ______
of hearts muscular wall)
(ii) Left ventricle (has the
___________ muscular
wall)
(iii) Right atrium (has ______
muscular wall)
(iv) Right ventricle (has ______
muscular wall)
Valves of (i) Bicuspid valve
the heart
(ii) Tricuspid valve

(iii) Semilunar valve

Blood (i) Vena cava

vessels of
the heart (ii) Pulmonary artery

(iii) Pulmonary veins

(iv) Aorta

Septum

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF MAIN BLOOD VESSELS

1. There are three human blood vessels, namely ________________, ________________ and ___________
2. Observe the direction of the blood circulation through the artery, capillary and vein as shown in the figure
1.

Figure 1

From the figure 1, the blood flow as follow:

From the heart ----) ___________-----) _____________-------) ________ -----) to the heart

3. Observe figure 2 that shows the connections of the blood vessels and the direction of the blood flow

Figure 2

From figure 2, The _____________ is the largest artery, while the _____________ is the largest vein in
human body

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4. Complete the table below that shows the characteristics of the blood vessels

Type of Vein Capillary Artery

blood
vessels
Structure

➢ _____, _______ muscular ➢ ____________ wall ➢ _____ and __________

and ______ elastic wall which is one cell thick wall with a ____ of
to facilitate blood flow ___________any muscle elastic tissues to
under or elastic tissue withstand
______________________ ➢ _____ valves ___________________
➢ _____ valves ➢ ________ lumen ➢ ______ valves
➢ ______ lumen ➢ _________ lumen

Functions ➢ Transports ____________ ➢ Allows the ___________ ➢ Transports ____________

blood _______ to the of gases, food and blood _______ the heart
heart from the whole waste products to the whole body
body except the between the blood except the lungs
lungs and body cells via ➢ _____________________
➢ ___________________ ____________ through transports
transports the thin wall of the
deoxygenated blood
capillary
oxygenated blood from the heart to the
from the lungs to the lungs
heart

Circulation ➢ ________ blood flow ➢ _______ blood flow ➢ ______ blood flow under
of blood under ____ blood under _________ blood _________ blood
pressure pressure pressure
➢ _____ pulse ➢ ____ pulse ➢ Pulse ___________

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DOUBLE BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Humans and other mammals have a ‘double’ blood circulatory system that is made up of the
_________________________________ and _______________________________________

2. Complete the diagram that shows the pathway of human blood circulatory system

3. Complete the pathway of blood flow in the human circulatory system.

Vena cava -----)

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
Activity:
1. Label the diagram below 2. Colour the diagram to show oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
2. Draw arrow to show the direction of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

4. Answer the following questions:

(a) In diagram above, label pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
(b) List down:
(i) Chambers of heart: ______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Valves of the heart: _________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Blood vessels of the heart: ___________________________________________________________________
(iv)Blood vessels that carry:
• oxygenated blood: _____________________________________________________________________
• deoxygenated blood: __________________________________________________________________

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
HEARTBEAT

• How is the ‘lub-dub’ sound is produced?

• The ‘dub’ sound is produced by the __________ • The ‘lub’ sound is produced by the ___________of
of the _________________ at the aorta and the ____________________________between the atria
pulmonary artery when ____________ of the and the ventricles when ___________of the ventricles
ventricles occurs. occurs.
• The pressure reading of blood flowing into and • The pressure reading of blood flowing out of the
filling the heart is called the ____________________ heart is called the ____________________

MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE

• Blood pressure is usually measured using a ________________

• Systolic pressure reading of a youth is normally ___________
and the diastolic pressure reading is ________________
• Hence, this blood pressure reading is normally written as
______________

PULSE RATE

• Pulse is produced by the ________________________________ of the muscular artery wall.

FACTORS INFLUENCE THE PULSE RATE

1) Gender 2) Age

✓ The ______________ in pulse rate between males and females is ✓ As the age of a person____________,
caused by the difference in the __________of the heart. the person’s pulse rate becomes
✓ The heart of females which is normally of _____________ size __________.
pumps _______________ for each heartbeat and needs to beat at
a much ____________ rate compared to the heart of males.
3) Body health 4) Vigorous activity

✓ The pulse rate of a _________________ individual is normally ✓ During vigorous activity, the pulse
__________________ than the normal pulse rate. rate _______________ to supply more
✓ A pulse rate that is too high or too low is _______________and can __________ to the cells.
be life-threatening

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 3.2 BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Identify the types of vertebrates which have the blood circulatory systems in the diagrams below. Complete the spaces
with the number of atriums and ventricles.
PL 1

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
2. Label the diagram below PL 1

3. What is the function of the heart? PL 1

To ____________________________ to all parts of the body

4. What is the structure of the heart which allows the blood to flow in only one direction? PL 1
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Observe the walls of the atria and ventricles in the diagram of the heart below that is extracted and
adapted from the website: http:/daisypuri.blogspot.com/2011/01/internal-structure-of-heart.html

PL 4/KBAT

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
6. Complete the flow map to show the blood circulation in the human’s body PL 2

7. Mark on the diagram, using arrows, ( ) to show the flow of oxygenated blood and broken line
arrows ( ), to show the flow of deoxygenated blood. PL 2

a) Explain pulmonary circulation in humans.

Transports _____________________ blood from the __________ to the ________via the
_______________ to be oxygenated and returns __________________ blood to the
heart via the __________________________

b) Explain systemic circulation in humans.

Transports ___________________ blood from the _______________ to the _____tissues
via the _______ and returns ____________________ blood to the heart via the
______________.

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
8. (i) Identify the blood vessels in the parts labelled X, Y and Z in the diagram shown on based on their
cross-sections. PL 2

(ii) In your opinion, why does the cross-section of blood vessels X and Z differ in structure?
PL 3/KBAT
Blood vessel Z has to withstand ________ pressure blood flowing from the ___________.

9. Study the given diagrams. Identify the condition of the heartbeat. Then, choose the correct answers to
complete the flow map about the sequence of the conditions of the heartbeat.

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
1. (a) How does physical activity affect the rate of pulse? PL 2
The _______________ vigorous the physical activity is, the _____________ the rate of pulse
will be.

(b) How is the increase in the rate of pulse during vigorous activities related with the rate of oxygen
consumption and carbon dioxide emission? PL 4/KBAT
The rate of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emission by body cells
_____________________ during vigorous activities. This is because the heart needs to
beat more ______________________ to enable the _____________________ of oxygen and
carbon dioxide more efficiently. The pulse also will ____________________

2.
Each heartbeat will produce a rhythmical throbbing of pressure
that propagates through the arteries which is produced by the
contraction and relaxation of the muscular wall of the arteries

a) What is rhythmical throbbing of pressure? PL 1

________________________________________________________________________________________

b) Tick ( ✓ ) the individual that experiences higher rate of pulse. Then, give reasons by choosing
the correct answer. Give three factors that influence the pulse rate. PL 2

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
NOTES

3.3 HUMAN BLOOD

COMPONENTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF HUMAN BLOOD

• Blood transports _______________________________________ to the body

cells.
• Blood also transports ____________________________ from the body cells.
• Blood is a type of _____________________ because it can be separated into
two components, a ___________ liquid floating on top of a
______________liquid
• The components of blood are normally separated using the
___________________________

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

• Blood consists of a suspension of___________________,__________________,

____________ and __________________________
• Blood plasma is made up of approximately ___________________and
___________________ flowing to all parts of the body.
• These dissolved substances include _______________, carbon dioxide,
____________, hormones and waste products.

HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS

Antigens on Red Blood Cells

• Human blood can be classified into four blood groups, namely __________________________according to
the type of __________________, if any, present on the red blood cells.
• The type of antigen present on red blood cells is _____________________________.

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
Antibodies in Blood Plasma

• Blood plasma contains ___________________

• The types of antibodies present in blood plasma are __________________________.

An antibody will _________ its corresponding antigen and cause the ____________________of blood to
occur. This may cause ____________________.

For example, Anti-A antibody will coagulate with _______________ and Anti-B antibody will
coagulate with____________________

• Therefore, whether a person can receive blood or not depends on the presence of __________________ in
his blood plasma

✓ An individual who has ___________________ (type B blood) cannot receive types

______________________because these two blood types contain ______________________

✓ An individual who has ________________________ (type A blood) cannot receive types

______________________because these two blood types contain ___________________

✓ An individual who has type ______________________is free to receive

________________________because there are ______________________ in his blood (universal
recipient).

✓ An individual who has type ______________________ cannot receive __________________

type because of the presence of ___________________________________ in his blood plasma.

Compatibility of Blood Groups of Donors and Recipients

• Before blood ______________________, we need to know that the blood groups of the
_____________________ and the _________________________ must be ___________________________.
• Otherwise, blood will _________________.
• This situation can cause the _______________________________________
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
• Complete the table below that show the compatibility of blood group of donor and recipient.
Tick (/) for compatible and (x) for incompatible.

Blood group of donor Blood group of recipient

A B AB O
A
B
AB
O

Importance of Blood Donation

1. What is blood transfusion?
________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What must be done before any blood transfusion is carried out?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What happen if incompatible blood groups are mixed together?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. State the three importance of blood donation.

a) __________________________________________________________________________________________
b) __________________________________________________________________________________________
c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why is blood screening important?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. List down some criteria that an individual must have before he is able to donate his blood.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. How many litres of blood that a donor can donate at any one time?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Why the individual will become more energised and able to function better after donating his blood?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 3.3 HUMAN BLOOD

1. Complete the spaces about the constituents of the human blood PL 2

2. Tick ( ✓ ) other constituents of the blood PL 1

3. Who are the specialists that study the components, contents and diseases associated with the human blood?
Circle the correct answer.
Pharmacists Microbiologists Haematologists Physiologists

4. Answer the questions about the human blood.

(a) What are human blood groups? PL 1
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) What are the types of antigens (foreign substances or proteins) in red blood cells? PL 1
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) State the type of antigen found in individuals with the following blood group. PL 1
(i) Blood group A : _________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Blood group B : __________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Blood group AB : ________________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Blood group O : _________________________________________________________________________________
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
5. Blood plasma contains the antibodies that can attack the antigens present in red blood cells and
cause the coagulation of blood (agglutination) to occur

Mark ( ✓ ) type of antibodies that may be present in the blood PL 1

6. State the type of antibody found in individuals with the following blood group. PL 1
(i) Blood group A : __________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Blood group B : __________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Blood group AB : ________________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Blood group O : _________________________________________________________________________________

7. Anti-A antibodies will attack antigens A and Anti-B antibodies will attack antigens B.

Based on the statement above, identify the types of blood groups and antibody present in blood plasma
PL 2

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
8. Choose the correct answer about the human blood groups. PL 2
(a) Individuals with Anti-A antibodies or blood group (A, B) cannot receive blood type (A, B, AB, O)
because both types of blood have antigen (A, B).
(b) Individuals with Anti-B antibodies or blood group (A, B) cannot receive blood type (A, B, AB, O)
because both types of blood have antigen (A, B).
(c) Individuals with blood type AB can receive blood types (A, B, AB, O) as there are no antibodies in
their blood. These individuals are called (universal donors, universal recipients).
(d) Individuals with blood type O (can, cannot) receive any other blood type because of the presence
of (Anti-A, Anti-B) antibodies in their blood plasma. However, individuals with blood type O (can,
cannot) donate blood to blood type (A, B, AB, O). These individuals are called (universal donors,
universal recipients).

9. Complete the table with the types of antigens and antibodies PL 1

10. (a) Tick ( ✓ ) the people with blood groups which are suitable to be donated to patients PL2

(b) Tick ( ✓ ) the patients who are able to receive blood from the certain donors PL2

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
NOTES
3.4 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS
TRANSPIRATION
• Transpiration is a process of __________________ in the form of ___________________ from
the__________________________ to the air through _____________________

CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF

• The epidermis of a leaf is made up of a single layer of __________________cells covering both the upper
and lower surfaces of the leaf, namely _____________________ and _____________________________.
• Epidermal cells secrete a _____________________ which covers the outer surface of the leaf to
______________________________ during transpiration.

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FUNCTION OF STOMA DURING TRANSPIRATION

• Most of the water which is lost during transpiration in plants occurs through the _________________ found
in the epidermis of the leaf
• When _____________________ takes place during______________, the stoma is usually ____________
• What enters the guard cells that causes the stoma to open? ___________________________
• Opening of stoma also causes the plant to ___________________ through ___________________
• Stoma will _________ to reduce the loss of water through transpiration.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION

Factors Brief explanation

Temperature • The __________ the temperature, the ____________the rate of transpiration
• This is because water evaporates faster in high temperature.
Light intensity • The __________ the light intensity, the ___________ the rate of transpiration
• This is because sunlight stimulates stoma to open, so more water vapour is loss to
the environment
The movement of • The ___________ the movement of air, the _________ the rate of transpiration
air (Wind) • This is because wind blows water vapour away from the stoma.
Humidity • The ___________ the humidity, the ______________ the rate of transpiration.
• This is because when the air become less humid, it contains less water vapour.
Thus more water transpire from the leaves
Number of • The _____________ number of stomata, the _________the rate of transpiration.
stomata • This is because more water will evaporates if the leaves have more stoma.

EXUDATION (GUTTATION)

• Other than water loss from plants through transpiration, water is also lost
from plants through ________________________
• Exudation or guttation is the water loss from plants in ______________
through ______________ that are always open at the edges of the leaves.
• Guttation usually occurs at ________ or when the air ___________ is high.

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE COMPONENTS IN VASCULAR BUNDLES OF PLANTS

• The transport system in flowering plants is made up of two transport tissues, namely _________________
and_________________, which are found in a group of vessels known as ____________________

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN ANIMALS
AND THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS (refer to the textbook)

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 3.4 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS

Answer these questions.

1. What is the process of transpiration? PL 2

The process by which plants ______________ , in the form of ______________by evaporation

through the _________________

2. Tick ( ✓ ) the condition of the factors that will increase the rate of transpiration. PL 2

3. State the role of transpiration in plants. PL 2

(a) Helps in the transportation of ___________________________ from the roots to the leaves.
(b) Water that evaporates from the leaf surfaces ________________the plant on hot days

4. Which is the part from which most of the water is lost from the plant during transpiration?
Through the ____________________________ in the epidermis of leaves PL 1

5. Why does the epidermal cell of the leaves secrete the waxy cuticle to coat the outer surface of the leaf?
To ____________________ water loss during transpiration. PL 1

6. Read the passage below. PL 1

Water is also lost from plants in liquid form through the

hydathode (resembles a large stoma) that is always open

at the edge of the leaf at night or when the air humidity is

high.

Name this process.

_____________________________________________

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
7. The stem of a balsam plant is immersed by Rosmah in red-coloured water. After one day, Rosmah cut
very thin slices of the root, stem and leaf of the balsam plant and observe them under a microscope.
Draw Rosmah’s observation and colour the red parts with a red-coloured pencil. Label the location
of the xylem tissues. PL 2

(a) What do the red parts of the plant show? PL 1

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the function of the xylem? PL 2

Transports ___________ and _______________________ from the roots to the leaves.

(c) Water needs to be transported via the tissue named in (a) to the green leaves to enable the leaves
to carry out a process to make foods. What is the process? PL 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________

(d) State one other importance of the xylem to plants. PL 1

To ______________________ plants

8. A plant that is cut at its base will die after a while during deforestation. Give one reason.
PL 2

Reason:

__________________ cannot be carried

from the ___________ to the leaves
through the ____________

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
9. The stem of a balsam plant is immersed by Rosmah in red-coloured water. After two days, the stem is
cut cross-sectionally as shown in the diagram below. PL 3/KBAT

10. The diagram below shows a bark of a tree is removed.

(a) Draw and state your observations on the parts above and below the ring at the end of the activity and
give reasons. PL 2

Parts Observation Reason

Above the ring _____________ accumulates at the
part above the ring.

It becomes ______________

Below the ring The plant tissues do not receive

___________ supply.

It ______________ and wilts .

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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORTATION
(b) What is the part of the bark which has been removed that causes the occurrence in the part above the
ring? PL 1
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) What is the function of the phloem? PL 2

To transport ________________________ from the ________________to other parts of the plant.

(d) Which part of the stem will die faster, the part of the stem above or below the ring if the plant is left for
a longer period of time? Give a reason.
PL 4/KBAT

The part of the stem _____________ the ring. This is because ______________ still can be
transported up through the ____________but food which is a product of photosynthesis,
cannot be transported down.

11. Label the cross-section of the stem and state their function PL 2

31