No.

Republic of Ghana
Ministry of Energy
Electricity Company of Ghana
Northern Electricity Department of Volta River Authority

Power Distribution System Master Plan

Study for Ghana

Final Report
Supplemental Volume 3
Master Plan & Implementation Plan

September 2008

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.

IL
JR
08-033
 [Table of Contents]

Chapter 1 Master Plan for distribution network renewal, reinforcement, and

extension................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Results of preparation of plans for primary substations and subtransmission lines.................1
1.1.1 Plans for ECG primary substations and subtransmission lines ........................................... 1
1.1.2 Plans for VRA-NED primary substations and subtransmission lines ............................... 10
1.2 Preparation of plans for distribution network renewal, reinforcement, and extension .........13
1.2.1 Distribution network renewal plan ........................................................................................ 13
1.2.3 Distribution network extension planning .............................................................................. 18
1.2.3 Distribution network extension planning .............................................................................. 18
Chapter 2 Implementation Plan of the Master Plan......................................................... 19
Chapter 3 Economic and Financial Analysis of the Master Plan ............................. 26
3.1 Overview of the Master Plan ......................................................................................................26
3.2 Financial Analysis ........................................................................................................................27
3.3 Economic Analysis .......................................................................................................................31
Chapter 1 Master Plan for distribution network renewal, reinforcement, and
extension
1.1 Results of preparation of plans for primary substations and subtransmission lines

1.1.1 Plans for ECG primary substations and subtransmission lines

(1) Plans for existing primary substations and subtransmission lines

Attachment 1 presents the plans for existing ECG primary substations and subtransmission lines. The
ECG has plans for 28 substation projects at a total cost of about USD58 million and 39 subtransmission line
projects at one of about USD32 million by 2012. Funding sources (e.g., the GEDAP and Ghanaian
government) have already been determined for most of these projects, but this is not the case for some.

(2) Results for the major cities (Accra, Tema, Kumasi, and Takoradi)
Sections (a) through (d) present the results for the four major urban areas in the ECG supply area, i.e.,
Accra, Tema, Kumasi, and Takoradi, respectively.

(a) Planning results for the Accra system

Figure 1 shows a diagram for the current 33-kV system in the Accra area. In 2008, the maximum demand
was 458 MVA. The Accra system has two BSPs (Achimota and Mallam). About 65 percent of the power
demand at peak times is supplied from the Achimota BSP. There is a large power flow in supply from the
Achimota BSP to central Accra (on the Achimota-Airport section and between the K and D points, for
example; the combined power flow value is 219 MVA). A total of 10 circuits of subtransmission lines (with
a combined thermal capacity of 310 MVA) are used in these sections.
N
BSP
T
Primary　Substation
Sub-transmission line

J
Achimota M
BSP Y
C 298MVA(65%)
9MVA
58MVA
22MVA
Q
59MVA S 50MVA
Airport
L
22MVA A 169MVA
P D F 51MVA
R K
79MVA
Mallam
X
BSP V 2008 Maximum demand
E
160MVA(35%) B G 458MVA

Figure 1 Diagram of the current Accra 33-kV system

1
 Figure 2 presents a diagram of the system as of 2012 upon implementation of the Ghana Energy
Development and Access Project (GEDAP) and other existing projects in their entirety. In that year, the
maximum peak demand would reach 516 MVA. Attachment 1 lists the existing projects in the Accra area.
By 2012, GEDAP, the national government project, and other projects are anticipated to add a total of 480
MVA in transformer capacity and 334 km of subtransmission lines (through extensions). Furthermore,
under the national government project, a third BSP is to be constructed in the eastern part of the Accra area.
Analysis of the system as of 2012 found that there would not be any overload or voltage problems for the
primary substations and subtransmission lines in the Accra area. The existing future plans for primary
substations and sub-transmission lines are enough for the maximum demand in 2012.

N
T Existing Projects

Nmai Djorn
Kwabenya
J
Achimota M
BSP Y 3rd BSP
C 277MVA(50%) 79MVA(14%)

Sowutom
Q
S Airport
Darkuman L
P A
D F
R Trade Fair
K
Mallam Cantonment
X
BSP V
E 2012 Maximum demand
196MVA(36%) B G Adabraka
Dansoman
516MVA

Figure 2 Diagram of the Accra 33-kV system in 2012

Although there are no additional plans for the years following 2012, an analysis was made of the system
over the years 2013 - 2017 to check for bottlenecks. This analysis found overload on the subtransmission
line between the H (Achimota) and E points in the system diagram for 2016 shown in Figure 3.

As shown in Table 1, the installation of an additional subtransmission line at the overload point was
selected as the solution for the aforementioned bottleneck. Besides resolving the bottleneck in 2016, this
step would prevent the occurrence of a bottleneck in 2017 (when the maximum peak demand would reach
609 MVA).

2
 BSP
N
Primary　Substation
T
Sub-transmission line

Nmai Djorn
Kwabenya
H-E:240CUPILC, J
45.3MVA/2cct M
Achimota
100% BSP Y 3rd BSP
Loading C 335MVA(53%) 83MVA(13%)

Sowutom
Q
S Airport
Darkuman L
P A
D F
R Trade Fair
K
Mallam Cantonment
X
BSP V E 2016 Maximum demand
216MVA(34%) B G Adabraka
Dansoman
590MVA

Figure 3 Diagram of the Accra 33-kV system in 2016

Table 1 Proposed project for the Accra system

Year of
Cost
Facility name Bottleneck Countermeasure impleme
(USD1,000)
ntation
- Installation of two new 630
- Subtransmission
H(Achimota)-E ALXLPE circuits between H and 1,323 2016
line overload
E (2 circuits x 6.3 km)

(b) Planning results for the Tema system

Figure 4 shows a diagram for the current 33-kV system in the Tema area. In 2008, the maximum peak
demand was 160 MVA. The Tema 33-kV system is supplied from the Tema BSP.
Figure 5 presents a diagram of the system as of 2012 upon implementation of the GEDAP and other
existing projects in their entirety. In that year, the maximum peak demand would reach 190 MVA.
Attachment 1 lists the existing projects in the Tema area. By 2012, GEDAP, the national government
project, and other projects are anticipated to add a total of 200 MVA in transformer capacity and 140 km of
subtransmission lines (through extensions). The system will be connected to the BSP built in the Accra area.
Analysis of the system as of 2012 found that there would not be any overload or voltage problems for the
primary substations and subtransmission lines in the Tema area. The existing future plans for primary
substations and sub-transmission lines are enough for the maximum demand in 2012.

3
 BSP Ashaiman
Primary　Substation
Sub-transmission line
Steelworks 55MVA Tema
26MVA BSP
160MVA

B TTL Wahome
43MVA 41MVA
Ferro Fabric
To Accra Lashibi E

A D

2008 Maximum demand GPHA

160MVA

Figure 4 Diagram of the current Tema 33-kV system

Dawhenya
Existing Projects

Community 25
Santeo Ashaiman
Adjei Kojo
Kpone
Steelworks Tema
BSP
190MVA

B TTL Wahome
To Accra Ferro Fabric
Lashibi E

A D
2012 Maximum demand
190MVA GPHA

Figure 5 Diagram of the Tema 33-kV system in 2012

Although there are no additional plans for the years following 2012 in the Tema area either, an analysis
was made of the system over the years 2013 - 2017 to check for bottlenecks. This analysis found overload
on the subtransmission line between the H (Tema) and E points in the system diagram for 2016 shown in
Figure 6.
As shown in Table 2, the installation of an additional subtransmission line at the overload point was
selected as the solution for the aforementioned bottleneck. Besides resolving the bottleneck in 2016, this
step would prevent the occurrence of a bottleneck in 2017 (when the maximum peak demand would reach

4
240 MVA).

BSP

Primary　Substation Dawhenya

Sub-transmission line

Community 25
Santeo Ashaiman
Adjei Kojo
Kpone
Steelworks Tema
BSP
240MVA

B TTL Wahome
Ferro Fabric
Lashibi E 102%
A Loading
D
2016 Maximum demand H-A:500CUXLPE,
229MVA GPHA 48.4MVA/1cct

Figure 6 Diagram of the Tema 33-kV system in 2016

Table 2 Proposed project for the Tema system

Year of
Cost
Facility name Bottleneck Countermeasure impleme
(USD1,000)
ntation
- Installation of two new 630
- Subtransmission
H(Tema)-A ALXLPE circuits between H and 588 2016
line overload
E (1 circuits x 5.6 km)

(c) Planning results for the Kumasi system

Figure 7 shows a diagram for the current 33-kV system in the Kumasi area. In 2008, the maximum peak
demand was 174 MVA. The Kumasi 33-kV system is supplied from the Kumasi BSP.
Figure 8 presents a diagram of the system as of 2012 upon implementation of the GEDAP in its entirety.
In that year, the maximum peak demand would reach 211 MVA. Attachment 1 lists the existing projects in
the Kumasi area. By 2012, the GEDAP is anticipated to add a total of 120 MVA in transformer capacity and
52 km of subtransmission lines (through extensions). A second BSP is to be constructed in the eastern part
of the Kumasi area.
Analysis of the system as of 2012 found that there would not be any overload or voltage problems for the
primary substations and subtransmission lines in the Kumasi area. The existing future plans for primary
substations and sub-transmission lines are enough for the maximum demand in 2012.

5
 2008 Maximum demand BSP
174MVA Primary　Substation
E
Sub-transmission line

B
C

53MVA KTI
ABUAKWA 47MVA KNUST
F 1MVA
51MVA

Kumasi 31MVA

BSP
174MVA

Figure 7 Diagram of the current Kumasi 33-kV system

Existing Projects

Fawode
2012 Maximum demand
Achiyase/
211MVA Kenyase
E

2nd
B
C BSP
24MVA(11%)
KTI
ABUAKWA KNUST
F

Kumasi
BSP
187MVA(89%)

Figure 8 Diagram of the Kumasi 33-kV system in 2012

Although there are no additional plans for the years following 2012 in the Kumasi area either, an analysis
was made of the system over the years 2013 - 2017 to check for bottlenecks. This analysis found overload
on the subtransmission line between the A and KTI points in the system diagram for 2017 shown in Figure
9.
As shown in Table 3, the installation of an additional subtransmission line at the overload point was

6
selected as the solution for the aforementioned bottleneck. This step would resolve the bottleneck in 2017.
BSP

Primary　Substation
Sub-transmission line
Fawode
2017 Maximum demand
Achiyase/
263MVA Kenyase
E

2nd
B
C BSP
34MVA(13%)

KTI
ABUAKWA KNUST
F
102%
Loading
Kumasi A-KTI:240CUPILC,
BSP 48.6MVA/1cct
229MVA(87%)

Figure 9 Diagram of the Kumasi 33-kV system in 2017

Table 3 Proposed project for the Kumasi system

Year of
Cost
Facility name Bottleneck Countermeasure impleme
(USD1,000)
ntation
- Installation of two new 630
- Subtransmission
A-KTI ALXLPE circuits between H and 525 2017
line overload
E (1 circuits x 5.0 km)

(d) Planning results for the Takoradi system

Figure 10 shows a diagram for the current 33-kV system in the Takoradi area. In 2008, the maximum peak
demand was 86 MVA. The Takoradi 33-kV system is supplied from the Takoradi BSP.
Figure 11 presents a diagram of the system as of 2012 upon implementation of the GEDAP and other
existing projects in their entirety. In that year, the maximum peak demand would reach 98 MVA.
Attachment 1 lists the existing projects in the Takoradi area. By 2012, the GEDAP and other projects are
anticipated to add a total of 90 MVA in transformer capacity and 6 km of subtransmission lines (through
extensions).
Analysis of the system as of 2012 found that there would not be any overload or voltage problems for the
primary substations and subtransmission lines in the Takoradi area. The existing future plans for primary
substations and sub-transmission lines are enough for the maximum demand in 2012.

7
 2008 Maximum demand 27MVA

86MVA A
59MVA
Takoradi
BSP
86MVA

23MVA

B BSP

Primary　Substation
Sub-transmission line
C

Figure 10 Diagram of the current Takoradi 33-kV system

2012 Maximum demand

98MVA A

Takoradi
BSP
98MVA

B
Existing Projects

C
D

Figure 11 Diagram of the Takoradi 33-kV system in 2012

Although there are no additional plans for the years following 2012 in the Takoradi area either, an
analysis was made of the system over the years 2013 - 2017 to check for bottlenecks. This analysis found
that there would not be any problems in primary substations or on subtransmission lines even in 2017 (when
the maximum peak demand would reach 116 MVA), as shown in Figure 12. There are consequently no
additional projects proposed for the Takoradi system.

8
 2017 Maximum demand
116MVA A

Takoradi
BSP
116MVA

B BSP

Primary　Substation

C Sub-transmission line
D

Figure 12 Diagram of the Takoradi 33-kV system in 2017

(3) Planning results for other areas

For areas other than the major urbanized ones (Accra, Tema, Kumasi, and Takoradi), the Study Team
analyzed the propriety of the primary substation capacity and determined the requisite countermeasures.
The analysis found overload at nine primary substations. The overload at the Cape Coast primary
substation in the Central Region is anticipated to be resolved by the construction of a new substation at
Elmina in an existing project. The Study Team therefore considered countermeasures for the other eight
cases.
As a result, it was decided to propose the installation of additional transformers in order to resolve
overload. This was becuse all of the primary substations in question have space for additional transformers.
Upon consultation with the C/P, a capacity of 10 MVA was chosen for all of these transformers, because the
demand may be expected to grow at a fast pace in all of these areas.
Table 4 lists the proposed projects for primary substations in other areas. The proposed projects concern
eight primary substations in five regions/areas, and would add a total of 80 MVA in transformer capacity at
a total cost of USD1.6 million.

9
 Table 4 Proposed projects for primary substations in other areas
Cost Year of
Region/area Facility name Countermeasure Capacity
(USD1,000) implementation
- Installation of
Tema Kpong an additional 10MVA 200 2016
transformer
- Installation of
Atuabo an additional 10MVA 200 2009
transformer
Western
- Installation of
Axim an additional 10MVA 200 2015
transformer
- Installation of
Eastern ODA an additional 10MVA 200 2012
transformer
- Installation of
Central Saltpond an additional 10MVA 200 2009
transformer
- Installation of
Kpeve an additional 10MVA 200 2009
transformer
- Installation of
Volta Tsito an additional 10MVA 200 2015
transformer
- Installation of
Hohoe an additional 10MVA 200 2012
transformer

1.1.2 Plans for VRA-NED primary substations and subtransmission lines

Figure 13 presents a diagram of the VRA-NED system. It consists of six BSPs, five primary substations,
and one switching station.
Table 5 presents the results of analysis for VRA-NED subtransmission lines and primary substations. The
analysis found that the voltage drop would fail to meet the standard on four of the six subtransmission lines.
On any of the six lines, there was judged to be no problem with the current load rate. For primary
substations, the analysis found overload at four.
Table 6 lists the proposed projects. For subtransmission lines, the proposed countermeasures for
improving voltage are installation of capacity banks or thicker line cable. The 34.5-kV Bolgatanga-Bawku
line was excluded from the proposed projects because the installation of a new 34.5-kV subtransmission
line along with the construction of the Zebilla BSP currently undertaken by the VRA is anticipated to
resolve the bottleneck. For primary substations, the Study Team proposed the installation of additional
transformers to resolve overload because there is space for them at all substations.
The proposed projects in the VRA-NED service area would entail a total cost of USD629,000 for
subtransmission lines and add 16 MVA in transformer capacity at primary substations at a total cost of
USD262,000.

10
 Navrongo Bawku
BSP

Bolgatanga Primary　Substation
BSP Switching Station

Wa 161kV　Transmission line
34.5kV Distribution line
Sawla
BSP Tamale
BSP Yendi
BSP

Wenchi Techiman
BSP
Berekum
Sunyani
Mim
BSP
Switch

Figure 13 Power system diagram of VRA-NED

11
 Table 5 Results of analysis for VRA-NED subtransmission lines and primary substations

(a) Analysis result of sub-transmission lines

Analysis result
Name of Primary substations and
Region/area Voltage drop Current loading
sub-transmission lines
(%) (%)
Brong Afaho 34.5kV Sunyani-Brekum line 19.3 73.4
Brong Afaho 34.5kV Sunyani-Mim line 29.5 58.5
Brong Afaho 34.5kV Techiman-Wenchi line 3.5 14.0
Upper West 34.5kV Sawla-Wa line 32.5 46.1
Upper East 34.5kV Bolgatanga-Bawku line 16.0 67.0
Upper East 34.5kV Bolgatanga-Navrongo line 1.0 24.8

(b) Analysis result of primary substations

Capacity Maximum Demand (MVA)
Region Substation Name
(MVA) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
VRA-NED Berekum 5 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.8
( 97% ) ( 101% ) ( 104% ) ( 108% ) ( 112% ) ( 117% ) ( 121% ) ( 126% ) ( 131% ) ( 136% )
Wa 5 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.4
( 86% ) ( 90% ) ( 94% ) ( 98% ) ( 103% ) ( 107% ) ( 112% ) ( 117% ) ( 122% ) ( 128% )
Navrongo 3 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3
( 56% ) ( 61% ) ( 65% ) ( 71% ) ( 76% ) ( 82% ) ( 89% ) ( 96% ) ( 103% ) ( 111% )
Bawku 3 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.4
( 98% ) ( 105% ) ( 112% ) ( 120% ) ( 128% ) ( 137% ) ( 147% ) ( 157% ) ( 168% ) ( 179% )
Wenchi 3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6
( 37% ) ( 38% ) ( 40% ) ( 41% ) ( 43% ) ( 45% ) ( 47% ) ( 48% ) ( 50% ) ( 52% )

Table 6 Proposed projects for the VRA-NED system

Cost Year of
Facility Facility name Countermeasure Amount (1,000US$)
impleme
ntation
- Installation of capacity
34.5kV 3000kVar 4
bank 2010
Sunyani-Brekum - Increase in thickness (from
43km 616
120 to 200 mm2 AAC)
34.5kV - Installation of capacity
Sub-trans 4000kVar 6 2010
Sunyani-Mim bank
mission 34.5kV - Installation of capacity
line 2000kVar 3 2011
Sawla-Wa bank
- Resolution of bottleneck
34.5kV by installation of a new
Bolgatanga-Baw 34.5-kV subtransmission － － －
ku line along with construction
of the Zebilla BSP
- Installation of an
Berekum 5MVA 83 2009
additional transformer
- Installation of an
Bawku 3MVA 48 2009
Primary additional transformer
substation - Installation of an
Wa 5MVA 83 2012
additional transformer
- Installation of an
Navrongo 3MVA 48 2016
additional transformer

12
1.2 Preparation of plans for distribution network renewal, reinforcement, and extension

1.2.1 Distribution network renewal plan

As locations requiring renewal, the Study Team selected spots on dilapidated distribution facilities
judged to have a substantial adverse impact on public safety or supply reliability. The main items of
deterioration requiring repair are medium-voltage distribution lines, distribution transformers, switching
equipment, insulators, and supporting structures.
The specific renewal plans are as follows (with indications of the number of facilities and cost).

Table 7 Results of preparation of plans for ECG and VRA-NED distribution network renewal
(number of facilities)

Number of facilities requiring renewal

Guys,
Enterprise/office Medium-voltage Transformers Switching Supprting
Insulators crossarms,
equipment structures
lines (km） （number） （number） etc.
（number） （number）
(number)
Accra
58 － 5 243 － －
East
Accra
28 21 1 － － －
West
Tema － － 15 － － －
Ashanti
84 － 3 － 55 －
East
ECG
Ashanti
86 － 8 － － －
West
Western － － 9 3,726 74 －
Eastern 30 17 － － － －
Central 12 － － 3,330 17 563
Volta 28 5 62 1,090 160 －
ECG(Total) 326 43 103 8,389 306 563
VRA-NED
－ 38 12 － － －
(Total)

13
Table 8 Results of preparation of plans for ECG and VRA-NED distribution network renewal (cost)
［Unit: USD1,000］
Cost (USD1,000)
Enterprise/area Guys, Total
Medium-volt Switching Insulato Supporting
Transformers crossar
age lines equipment rs structures
ms, etc.
Accra 540 562 35 17 － － 1,153
Tema － － 69 － － － 69
Ashanti 3,221 － 990 － 90 － 4,301
ECG Western － － 226 253 79 － 558
Eastern 335 270 － － － － 606
Central 75 － － 226 42 116 459
Volta 174 55 1,152 74 245 － 1,701
ECG (Total) 4,344 888 2,472 570 456 116 8,847
VRA (Total) － 449 359 － － － 808

1.2.2 Plans for reinforcement

When the amperage and voltage drop level on individual distribution lines fail to meet the conditions noted
below, they must be reinforced to cope with the steadily increasing demand. The planning procedure begins with
calculation of the yearly distribution line amperage based on the yearly rate of demand increase extrapolated
from the demand forecast. This is followed by application of the yearly amperage to the existing distribution
lines. The results provide footing for determination of the types and years of countermeasures to reinforce the
lines to cope with the demand increase. (Upon consultation with the counterpart, it was decided to use the rated
amperage on the line as the upper limit of allowable current in preparation of the Master Plan. For voltage drop,
the study used an upper limit of 7 percent for the ECG and 10 percent for the VRA-NED, based on the standards
at these enterprises.)
Table 9 shows the breakdown of the reinforcement plan and Table 10 shows the cost. Appendix 4 shows details
of the reinforcement plans. Total cost for the reinforcement plan is 40,740 thousand US$ for ECG and 6,522
thousand US$ for VRA-NED respectively. The timing of construction is the year in excess of the standard value.
Figure 14 shows the yealy cost for the reinforcement plan. Over the immediately following years (from 2008
to 2010), the plan would require a lot of budget because such work has not been undertaken extensively thus
far.

For ECG, the average value of countermeasures between 2009 and 2017 is about 2,600 thousand US$ per year.
It is thought that the reinforcement countermeasure of this level is necessary annually after the year of 2017.

14
 Table 9 Reinforcement plan (number of lines for each countermeasure)

Reinforcement plan (number of lines for each countermeasure)

New 33kV/11kV
substation Enlargement of lines
construction Installation of Installation of a Alleviation of load
Enterprise/area Voltage
(including new distribution capacitor bank, by construction of Total
Overhead increase
ancillary facilities line Cable condensor or Booster a switching station
such as 33kV line
distribution lines)
Accra 54 17 1 20 0 2 0 94
Tema 3 4 1 5 0 1 0 14
Ashanti 9 8 3 1 0 4 0 25
ECG Western 1 0 7 4 1 0 1 14
Eastern 3 2 1 1 2 0 0 9
Central 6 1 0 0 0 2 0 9
15

Volta 1 4 1 0 0 1 0 7
ECG (Total) 77 36 14 31 3 10 1 172
VRA-NED (Total) 2 4 14 0 3 1 0 24
 Table 10 Reinforcement plan (cost)
（Unit：1,000 US$）
Reinforcement plan (cost, but excluding of new primary substation construction cost)
New 33kV/11kV
substation Enlargement of lines
Alleviation of
construction Installation of a
Enterprise/area Installation of new Voltage load by
(including capacitor bank, Total
distribution line Overhea Overhead increase construction of a
ancillary facilities condensor or Booster
d line line switching station
such as 33kV
distribution lines)
Accra 0 4,903 103 14,407 0 12 0 19,425
Tema 0 1,387 358 760 0 1 0 2,506
Ashanti 0 996 240 93 0 24 0 1,353
ECG Western 745 0 4,590 831 719 0 400 7,285
Eastern 3,733 1,396 374 189 1,886 0 0 7,578
0 85 0 0 0 4 0 89
16

Central
Volta 243 1,461 700 0 0 100 0 2,504
ECG (Total) 4,721 10,228 6,365 16,280 2,605 141 400 40,740
VRA-NED (Total) 2,337 722 1,490 0 1,873 100 0 6,522
 (Unit: thousand US$)
18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

(a) Reinforcement plan for ECG

(Unit: thousand US$)

5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

(b) Reinforcement plan for VRA-NED

Figure 14 Reinforcement plan for ECG and VRA-NED

17
1.2.3 Distribution network extension planning

(1) Results of master plan preparation

The results of the preparation of plans for distribution network extension are shown in Figure 11,
Appendix 6 and Appendix 7. Trial calculation of the cost required for execution of this plan
yielded a figure of about USD103 million for electrification of all of the 472 subject localities.
The electrification cost came to about USD220,000 per locality and USD1,500 per customer.

Table 11 Electrification cost

Number Number Electrification cost
of of Total cost Electrification Electrification
localities customers (USD, millions) cost per locality cost per customer
(USD, thousands) (USD)
ECG 226 40,265 58.4 258,3 1,450
VRA-NED 246 28,861 44.4 180.5 1,540
Total 472 69,126 102.8 217.8 1,500

Based on these resulta, it is estimated that a 10-percent increase in the electrifiction rate over the
next ten years would entail a cost at approximately USD 50 million per year by on-grid
electrification.

18
Chapter 2 Implementation Plan of the Master Plan

Chapter 1 presented the Master Plan based on the technical perspective. Stable supply requires
construction of facilities with enough capacity to meet the demand, and the Master Plan presented
in Chapter 1 should ideally be implemented as scheduled. For conformance with financial
planning, however, the Study Team considered approaches to deferring some construction for
distribution network reinforcement within the allowable scope in the immediately following years.
In the current SHEP scheme, the MOE or the concerned local governments and localities
(villages) assume the burden of plans for distribution network extension (rural electrification),
which is not undertaken with funds from the ECG and VRA-NED budgets. For this reason,
extension was examined separately from the plans for renewal and reinforcment.

(1) Implementation plan for primary substations and subtransmission lines

Because planning delays would affect the entire area, it was assumed that the plan would be
implemented as scheduled in the Master Plan.

(2) Implementation plan for distribution network renewal and reinforcement

1) Plan for distribution network renewal
In the renewal plan, the Study Team calculated the amount of funds required each year assuming
implementation of the improvements for the locations selected as requiring them over a period of
five years, and inclusion of this amount in the implementation plan. The selection of specific
locations should be studied separately by the ECG and the VRA-NED with consideration of
factors such as degree of urgency and synchronization with other construction. As noted above, a
calculation was made of the funds that would be required each year of the five-year period of
renewal work for the selected locations. The five-year total was estimated at USD8.85 million for
the ECG and USD810,000 for the VRA-NED. As a result, the yearly requirement would be
USD1.77 million for the ECG and USD160,000 for the VRA-NED. Because there would emerge
additional locations requiring renewal even after this five-year period, such funding would have
to continue to be budgeted.

2) Plan for distribution line reinforcement

As is clear from the Master Plan findings, there is a fairly large number of distribution lines that
already do not meet standards, and this increases the need for reinforcement over the immediately
coming years. As a result, the cost from 2008 to 2010 will inevitably be higher. In response, the
Study Team considered approaches to deferral of some construction in accordance with the
following guidelines.

19
(a) ECG
Toleration of excess current (overcurrent) could lead to distribution line failure. As such, the
Study Team decided to ease the standard for voltage drop alone from the present 7 percent to 10
percent over the immediately following years (up to 2011), and to defer construction falling under
this level. Similarly, for primary substations, the work of increasing voltage from 11 to 33 kV and
replacing cable were judged to be, in effect, difficult to implement in 2008 owing to the large
scale. It was consequently decided to defer this work to 2009 and succeeding years.

(b) VRA-NED
Based on the same thinking as for the ECG, the Study Team proposed an easing of the voltage
drop standard from 10 to 20 percent until 2011 and deferral of improvement in the case of
locations under this line. In the same way, construction to increase voltage from 11 to 34.5 kV
was rescheduled to 2009 and succeeding years.

Based on these guidelines, the years of implementation for each project are revised as shown in
Table 12. Appendix 5 shows the result of reinforcement plan for each regional office.

Figure 15 and Figure 16 show the implementation plans for primary substation, subtransmission
line, and distribution network renewal and reinforcement based on these results.

In addition to the above, with respect to seven new primary substations where the necessity became
clear from a distribution network reinforcement plan as shown in Appendix 3, the plans are reflected
as primary substation plans.

20
 Table 12 List of measures modified in the implementation planning

ECG
Year of
Distribution implementation
Substation
Office line Countermeasure
（existing）
（existing） Before After

Cable replacement
Accra Main D
D16 (185mm2 Al 2008 2009
West (Avenor)
→6x630mm2 Cu, 3.2km)
Kibi/Suhum Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2008 2010
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 24
km) from the Tafo BSP, construction
Tafo of a new 33/11-kV substation (10 2008 2010
MVA) ahead of it, and connection to
Tafo the existing Tafo distribution line
along the way
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 17
Eastern Koforidua km) from the Tafo BSP, and 2008 2009
connection to the existing Tafo
Koforidua distribution line
Akwatia Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2008 2010
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 25
km) from the Akwatia BSP,
Akwatia
Asamankese construction of a new 33/11-kV 2008 2009
substation (5 MVA) ahead of it, and
connection to the existing Asamkese
distribution line along the way
Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV and
Western Atuabo Manganese construction of a new 33/11-kV 2008 2010
substation (5 MVA)
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line and division of the
SOGA-
SOGAKOPE Keta distribution line from Akatsi and 2008 2009
AKATSI
Sogakope
Volta (120mm2 AAC, 12.5km)
Replacement of aerial lines
(16mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 3.5km)
Anloga Keta 2008 2009
(35mm2 Cu→120mm2 AAC, 14.4km)
(70mm2 Cu→120mm2 AAC, 2.4km)

21
VRA-NED (1/2)
Year of
Substation Distribution line implementation
Countermeasure
（existing） （existing）
Before After

Installation of new 34.5-kV line (185 mm2

ALXLPE, 18 km) from the Tamale BSP,
construction of a 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5
28F3B 2008 2011
MVA) ahead of this line (near Tolon), and
connection to the existing 28F3B distribution
line along the way
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
Tamale 28F4B 2009 2011
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F6B 2008 2009
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Aerial line replacement
28F8B 2009 2010
(100mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 19km)
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F9B 2010 2012
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Installation of a capacitor bank (3,000 kVar)
Sunyani in the Berekum substation, and aerial line
- Brekum replacement 2010 2012
(27F1Y) Aerial line replacement
(120mm2 AAC →200mm2 AAC, 43km)
"Berekum
Aerial line replacement
Brekum - Dormaa 2009 2011
(120mm2 AAC →150mm2 AAC, 31km)
(BRYF2)"
Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, and
Berekum F1
aerial line replacement (35mm2 Cu, 50mm2 2008 2009
(BRBF1)
AAC →200mm2 AAC, 23km)
Berekum F2 Aerial line replacement
2008 2012
(BRBF2) (50mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 6km)
"Sunyani- Mim
(27F5Y)"
"Mim/Goaso
Installation of a capacitor bank (4,000 kVar)
/Hwidien
in the Mim switching station to improve 2010 2011
(MMF1Y)"
voltage
Scanstyle
(MM2FY)
Ayum(MMF3Y)
Sunyani
Sunyani F3 Installation of a 11.5kV new line
2008 2009
(27F3B) (120mm2 AAC, 13km)
Sunyani F7 Aerial line replacement
2008 2012
(27F7B) (35mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 7km)
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (120 mm2
AAC, 14 km) from the Sunyani BSP,
Sunyani F8 construction of a 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5
2008 2009
(27F8B) MVA) ahead of this line (near Chiraa), and
connection to the existing 27F8B distribution
line along the way

22
VRA-NED (2/2)
Year of
Substation Distribution line implementation
Countermeasure
（existing） （existing）
Before After

Sawla-Wa
Installation of a capacitor bank (2,000 kVar)
(38YF6)
in the Mim switching station to improve 2011 2012
Wa-Hamile
voltage
(WAFY1)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the starting
Wa Township 1 section with 185 mm2 Al XLPE, and aerial
Sawla 2009 2010
(479BF1) line replacement
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 6km)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the starting
Wa Township 3 section with 185 mm2 Al XLPE, and aerial
2008 2010
(479BF3) line replacement
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 5km)
Bimbilla Installation of a 10-MVA booster station to
Yendi 2008 2011
(35F5Y) improve voltage
Replacement of the feeder cable in the starting
section with 185 mm2 Al XLPE, and aerial
29F1B
line replacement 2010 2011
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC, 120mm2 AAC
→ 150mm2 AAC, 5km)
Bolgatanga Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, and
29F4B
aerial line replacement 2008 2010
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 20km)
Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, and
29F6B
aerial line replacement 2008 2012
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 8km)

23
 50

45
Exiting Primary SS & Suｂ-TL
Primary SS & Sub-TL
40
Distribution reinforcement
35
（million US$）

Distribution renovation
30

25

20

15

10

0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
（Year）

Figure 15 Master Plan implementation plan - ECG

2.5

Primary SS & Sub-TL

2.0 Distribution reinforcement
Distribution renovation
（million US$）

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
（Year）

Figure 16 Master Plan implementation plan - VRA-NED

24
(3) Implementation plan for distribution network extension
Plans for distribution network extension cannot be determined merely with reference to financial
plans; they require consideration of electrification policy and various other factors. For this
reason, the Study Team estimated that attainment of the goal of a 70-percent rate of household
electrification by 2020 posted in the NES would require appropriation of about USD50 million
per year for construction. (Because the rate in 2006 was 54 percent, this estimate assumed that the
electrification work would have to proceed at a pace of about 1 percentage point per year to
increase the rate to 70 percent by 2020.)

25
Chapter 3 Economic and Financial Analysis of the Master Plan

3.1 Overview of the Master Plan

In the preceding chapters, the existing facilities and plans have been reviewed. Generally, the
existing projects have been found to be sound, but based on the future demand, additional projects
were identified.

Over the next 10 years, the whole master plan will provide a cumulative power of 25,238
GWh 1, and will require a total investment of about 142 million USD. Of that amount, the newly
identified projects will cost about 52 million USD, providing 13,894 GWh over 10 years. The
breakdown of the existing projects, and the newly identified projects, are shown in Table 13.

Table 13 Investment for the Master Plan: Total and the Newly Identified

Existing Projects
Newly Identified
Whole Master Plan (including not-yet
Projects
financed ones)

Investment (1,000USD) 142,161 89,976 52,185

63% 37%
Additional Culmulative
Demand for the next 10 25,238 11,344 13,894
years (GWh)
45% 55%
Source: JICA Study Team

It is important to note that the existing projects are not fully financed yet. As mentioned, the
existing projects have been found to be sound, and the newly identified projects are based on the
assumptions that the existing projects will come on line as planned. Therefore, while most of the
analysis here will focus on the newly identified projects, the importance of providing finance to
the existing projects must be emphasized.

1
The “10 years” here does not necessarily mean 2008-2017. The additional demand is calculated as 10 years after the
completion of the individual projects. If there is a project in 2017, the demand will be calculated up to 2026, while
demand from projects in 2008 will only be counted up to 2018. There fore, the figure does not correspond exactly with
the aggregated power demand.

26
3.2 Financial Analysis

The financial analysis of the Master Plan is straight forward. The investment has been
identified, along with the incremental demand that they provide.

In making the financial analysis, however, a crucial assumption needs to be made. Under the
current tariff structure, the utilities do not turn any profit for the additional power sales. Under this
structure, the master plan cannot hope to make any financial sense. While this master plan is
expected to improve costs in various areas, much of the tariff is taken up by the wholesale cost,
which leaves little room for improvement on the utilities’ side. In order to make a proper financial
assessment, a certain level of profit margin for the power sales needed to be assumed.

Currently, the average tariff for the whole use is about 0.12 GHC/kWh (approximately 12 US
cents/kWh). Here, we assume that 5% profit margin is secured on this tariff, which provides a
profit of 0.6 US cents/kWh.

Another benefit comes from the decrease in loss. It is assumed that the improvement of the
primary substations will bring 0.2 % point improvement in the loss, and the reinforcement of the
distribution network will also bring a 3.1% point improvement in the loss of the affected system.
This will result in the savings for the power purchase, which would bring huge financial and
economic benefits.
Technical Loss (%)

5.6

3.1

2.5

x x+10
year

Figure 17 Process of technical loss

The regional investment schedule and the demand schedule are shown in the following pages,
for the whole master plan and for the newly identified projects within the whole master plan.
Since the figures do not assume inflation, this is in real terms. The summary of the results is
shown below.

27
 Table 14 Investment and Sales for the Whole Master Plan

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Accra Investment (1000 USD) 7,072 18,358 20,208 13,978 0 1,252 2,042 235 1,323 4,653 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 128.4 461.8 828.8 1,082.7 1,082.7 1,105.4 1,142.5 1,146.8 1,170.8 1,126.9 793.5 426.5 172.6 172.6 149.9 112.8 108.5 84.5
Sales (1000 USD) 15,412 55,420 99,459 129,922 129,922 132,650 137,100 137,612 140,496 135,224 95,216 51,177 20,714 20,714 17,986 13,536 13,024 10,140
Cost (1000 USD) 14,641 52,649 94,486 123,426 123,426 126,018 130,245 130,732 133,471 128,463 90,455 48,618 19,679 19,679 17,087 12,859 12,372 9,633
Saved Loss 847 3,031 5,433 7,100 7,100 7,251 7,496 7,524 7,683 8,241 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CF (1000 USD) -6,225 -14,556 -12,004 -1,905 13,596 12,495 12,086 14,144 13,241 10,613 6,761 4,761 2,559 1,036 1,036 899 677 651 507
IRR= 19.3%

Tema Investment (1000 USD) 358 1,779 3,759 16,902 124 342 0 0 788 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 5.2 31.0 85.4 330.3 332.1 337.1 337.1 337.1 348.5 343.3 317.5 263.1 18.2 16.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 0.0
Sales (1000 USD) 622 3,716 10,252 39,640 39,855 40,450 40,450 40,450 41,820 41,198 38,104 31,568 2,180 1,965 1,370 1,370 1,370 0
Cost (1000 USD) 591 3,530 9,739 37,658 37,862 38,427 38,427 38,427 39,729 39,138 36,199 29,990 2,071 1,867 1,302 1,302 1,302 0
Saved Loss 8 47 130 495 498 505 505 505 523 523 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CF (1000 USD) -350 -1,701 -3,443 -15,895 2,356 2,156 2,528 2,528 1,757 2,614 2,060 1,905 1,578 109 98 69 69 69 0
IRR= -1.6%

Ashanti Investment (1000 USD) 691 438 10,556 0 0 0 0 0 0 531 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 7.6 12.4 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 126.2 121.4 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8
Sales (1000 USD) 908 1,484 15,358 15,358 15,358 15,358 15,358 15,358 15,358 15,148 14,572 698 698 698 698 698 698 698
Cost (1000 USD) 863 1,410 14,590 14,590 14,590 14,590 14,590 14,590 14,590 14,390 13,844 663 663 663 663 663 663 663
Saved Loss 53 86 866 866 866 866 866 866 866 906
CF (1000 USD) -638 -306 -9,616 1,634 1,634 1,634 1,634 1,634 1,634 1,143 757 729 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
IRR= 3.9%

Western Investment (1000 USD) 985 4,230 1,378 0 4,313 100 0 200 0 197 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 30 157 198 198 328 331 331 337 337 313 186 144 144 15 12 12 6 6
Sales (1000 USD) 3,550 18,797 23,763 23,763 39,309 39,669 39,669 40,390 40,390 37,550 22,303 17,337 17,337 1,791 1,431 1,431 710 710
Cost (1000 USD) 3,373 17,857 22,575 22,575 37,343 37,686 37,686 38,370 38,370 35,672 21,188 16,470 16,470 1,702 1,359 1,359 675 675
Saved Loss 101 529 669 669 1,105 1,116 1,116 1,136 1,136 1,156
CF (1000 USD) -884 -3,524 231 1,857 -2,020 2,981 3,099 2,920 3,156 2,979 1,877 1,115 867 867 90 72 72 36 36
IRR= 26.8%

East Investment (1000 USD) 7,013 0 3,398 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 69.4 69.4 103.0 103.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 35.6 35.6 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sales (1000 USD) 8,328 8,328 12,363 12,363 12,600 12,600 12,600 12,600 12,600 4,272 4,272 237 237 0 0 0 0 0
28

Cost (1000 USD) 7,911 7,911 11,744 11,744 11,970 11,970 11,970 11,970 11,970 4,059 4,059 226 226 0 0 0 0 0
Saved Loss 150 150 223 223 228 228 228 228 228 228
CF (1000 USD) -6,863 566 -2,758 841 646 858 858 858 858 858 214 214 12 12 0 0 0 0 0
IRR= -6.1%

Central Investment (1000 USD) 2 4,180 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 0.1 128.5 131.1 131.1 131.1 131.1 131.1 131.1 131.1 131.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sales (1000 USD) 7 15,419 15,732 15,732 15,732 15,732 15,732 15,732 15,732 15,725 313 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cost (1000 USD) 7 14,648 14,945 14,945 14,945 14,945 14,945 14,945 14,945 14,938 298 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saved Loss 0 388 396 396 396 396 396 396 396 396
CF (1000 USD) -2 -3,792 1,082 1,183 1,183 1,183 1,183 1,183 1,183 1,183 786 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IRR= 26.6%

Volta Investment (1000 USD) 1067.0 1320.0 343.0 0.0 200.0 0.0 0.0 200.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sale (GWh) 25 55 63 63 67 67 67 72 74 49 19 11 11 6 6 6 2 0
Sales (1000 USD) 2,940 6,578 7,523 7,523 8,074 8,074 8,074 8,625 8,832 5,892 2,254 1,309 1,309 758 758 758 207 0
Cost (1000 USD) 2,793 6,249 7,147 7,147 7,670 7,670 7,670 8,194 8,390 5,597 2,141 1,244 1,244 720 720 720 196 0
Saved Loss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CF (1000 USD) -1,067 -1,173 -14 376 176 404 404 204 356 442 295 113 65 65 38 38 38 10 0
IRR= 4.2%

ECG Investment (1000 USD) 17,188 30,305 39,727 30,880 4,837 1,694 2,042 635 2,186 5,381 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 0 265 914 1,537 2,036 2,174 2,204 2,242 2,256 2,294 2,125 1,475 853 354 216 185 148 133 96
Sales (1000 USD) 31,768 109,740 184,450 244,300 260,850 264,533 268,984 270,768 275,228 255,008 177,036 102,326 42,476 25,926 22,243 17,792 16,008 11,548
Cost (1000 USD) 30,180 104,253 175,227 232,085 247,807 251,307 255,534 257,229 261,466 242,257 168,184 97,210 40,352 24,630 21,130 16,903 15,208 10,971
Saved Loss 1,158 4,231 7,717 9,749 10,192 10,361 10,606 10,655 10,831 11,450
CF (1000 USD) -16,030 -24,486 -26,523 -11,908 17,570 21,709 21,791 23,469 22,184 19,831 12,750 8,852 5,116 2,124 1,296 1,112 890 800 577
IRR= 12.7%

VRA-NED Investment (1000 USD) 4,528 1,627 1,088 3 0 121 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 82 111 131 131 131 133 133 133 134 52 23 3 3 3 1 1 1 0
Sales (1000 USD) 9,827 13,358 15,719 15,725 15,725 15,988 15,988 15,988 16,092 6,265 2,734 373 367 367 104 104 104 0
Cost (1000 USD) 9,335 12,690 14,933 14,939 14,939 15,188 15,188 15,188 15,287 5,952 2,598 355 348 348 99 99 99 0
Saved Loss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CF (1000 USD) -4,528 -1,136 -420 783 786 665 799 799 751 805 313 137 19 18 18 5 5 5 0
IRR= -0.5%

Whole Ghana Investment (1000 USD) 21,716 31,932 40,815 30,883 4,837 1,815 2,042 635 2,234 5,381 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 0 347 1,026 1,668 2,167 2,305 2,338 2,375 2,390 2,428 2,177 1,498 856 357 219 186 149 134 96
Sales (1000 USD) 41,595 123,097 200,168 260,025 276,575 280,521 284,971 286,756 291,320 261,273 179,771 102,700 42,843 26,293 22,347 17,897 16,112 11,548
Cost (1000 USD) 39,515 116,943 190,160 247,024 262,746 266,495 270,723 272,418 276,754 248,209 170,782 97,565 40,700 24,978 21,229 17,002 15,307 10,971
1,158 4,231 7,717 9,749 10,192 10,361 10,606 10,655 10,831 11,450
CF (1000 USD) -20,558 -25,621 -26,943 -11,125 18,357 22,375 22,590 24,268 22,935 20,635 13,064 8,989 5,135 2,142 1,315 1,117 895 806 577
 Table 15 Investment and demand for newly identified projects

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Accra Investment (1000 USD) 7,073 640 813 2,719 0 1,252 2,042 235 1,323 4,653 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 204.3 222.8 246.3 324.8 324.8 361.0 420.0 426.8 465.0 395.1 376.6 353.1 274.6 274.6 238.4 179.4 172.6 134.4
Sales (1000 USD) 24,518 26,736 29,555 38,980 38,980 43,320 50,398 51,213 55,799 47,410 45,192 42,373 32,948 32,948 28,608 21,530 20,715 16,129
Cost (1000 USD) 23,292 25,400 28,077 37,031 37,031 41,154 47,878 48,652 53,009 45,040 42,932 40,255 31,301 31,301 27,178 20,453 19,680 15,323
Saved Loss 742 809 895 1,181 1,181 1,313 1,527 1,552 1,691 2,180
CF (1000 USD) -6,331 1,395 1,419 -61 3,130 2,010 1,651 3,837 2,929 317 2,371 2,260 2,119 1,647 1,647 1,430 1,076 1,036 806
IRR= 25.5%

Tema Investment (1000 USD) 358 284 1,259 138 124 342 0 0 788 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 16.2 29.0 86.0 92.3 97.9 113.3 113.3 113.3 149.0 132.8 120.0 63.0 56.7 51.1 35.7 35.7 35.7 0.0
Sales (1000 USD) 1,944 3,486 10,322 11,071 11,744 13,601 13,601 13,601 17,880 15,936 14,394 7,558 6,809 6,136 4,279 4,279 4,279 0
Cost (1000 USD) 1,847 3,312 9,806 10,518 11,157 12,921 12,921 12,921 16,986 15,139 13,674 7,180 6,468 5,829 4,065 4,065 4,065 0
Saved Loss 79 143 421 452 479 555 555 555 730 730
CF (1000 USD) -279 -44 -664 830 909 800 1,235 1,235 622 1,624 797 720 378 340 307 214 214 214 0
IRR= 61.8%

Ashanti Investment (1000 USD) 691 438 219 0 0 0 0 0 0 531 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 26.8 43.7 52.2 52.2 52.2 52.2 52.2 52.2 52.2 46.0 29.1 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6
Sales (1000 USD) 3,213 5,249 6,267 6,267 6,267 6,267 6,267 6,267 6,267 5,523 3,487 2,469 2,469 2,469 2,469 2,469 2,469 2,469
Cost (1000 USD) 3,052 4,987 5,954 5,954 5,954 5,954 5,954 5,954 5,954 5,247 3,313 2,345 2,345 2,345 2,345 2,345 2,345 2,345
Saved Loss 244 398 476 476 476 476 476 476 476 663
CF (1000 USD) -447 121 519 789 789 789 789 789 789 445 276 174 123 123 123 123 123 123 123
IRR= 90.0%

Western Investment (1000 USD) 865 200 1,378 0 4,313 100 0 200 0 197 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 23 29 66 66 183 186 186 191 191 173 167 130 130 13 11 11 5 5
Sales (1000 USD) 2,809 3,459 7,934 7,934 21,942 22,267 22,267 22,916 22,916 20,747 20,097 15,622 15,622 1,614 1,289 1,289 640 640
Cost (1000 USD) 2,669 3,286 7,538 7,538 20,845 21,153 21,153 21,770 21,770 19,709 19,092 14,841 14,841 1,533 1,225 1,225 608 608
Saved Loss 128 158 361 361 996 1,011 1,011 1,040 1,040 1,069
CF (1000 USD) -737 98 -844 758 -2,921 2,008 2,124 1,954 2,186 2,018 1,037 1,005 781 781 81 64 64 32 32
IRR= 31.5%

East Investment (1000 USD) 7,013 0 898 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 90.8 90.8 102.4 102.4 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 14.2 14.2 2.6 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sales (1000 USD) 10,894 10,894 12,289 12,289 12,600 12,600 12,600 12,600 12,600 1,706 1,706 311 311 0 0 0 0 0
Cost (1000 USD) 10,350 10,350 11,675 11,675 11,970 11,970 11,970 11,970 11,970 1,620 1,620 295 295 0 0 0 0 0
Saved Loss 415 415 469 469 481 481 481 481 481 481
29

CF (1000 USD) -6,598 960 116 1,084 896 1,111 1,111 1,111 1,111 1,111 85 85 16 16 0 0 0 0 0
IRR= 5.5%

Central Investment (1000 USD) 2 202 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 0.4 42.1 59.6 59.6 59.6 59.6 59.6 59.6 59.6 59.2 17.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sales (1000 USD) 49 5,048 7,152 7,152 7,152 7,152 7,152 7,152 7,152 7,103 2,104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cost (1000 USD) 47 4,796 6,794 6,794 6,794 6,794 6,794 6,794 6,794 6,747 1,998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saved Loss 1 130 184 184 184 184 184 184 184 184
CF (1000 USD) -1 -70 352 542 542 542 542 542 542 542 355 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IRR= 517.0%

Volta Investment (1000 USD) 1067.0 1320.0 343.0 0.0 200.0 0.0 0.0 200.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sale (GWh) 25 55 63 63 67 67 67 72 74 49 19 11 11 6 6 6 2 0
Sales (1000 USD) 2,940 6,578 7,523 7,523 8,074 8,074 8,074 8,625 8,832 5,892 2,254 1,309 1,309 758 758 758 207 0
Cost (1000 USD) 2,793 6,249 7,147 7,147 7,670 7,670 7,670 8,194 8,390 5,597 2,141 1,244 1,244 720 720 720 196 0
Saved Loss 111 248 284 284 305 305 305 325 333 333
CF (1000 USD) -956 -925 270 660 481 708 708 529 690 775 295 113 65 65 38 38 38 10 0
IRR= 21.9%

ECG Investment (1000 USD) 17,069 3,084 4,995 2,857 4,837 1,694 2,042 635 2,186 5,381 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 0 386 512 675 760 890 944 1,003 1,020 1,095 869 744 580 496 366 312 253 236 160
Sales (1000 USD) 46,368 61,451 81,042 91,217 106,759 113,281 120,360 122,375 131,446 104,316 89,233 69,642 59,467 43,925 37,403 30,324 28,309 19,238
Cost (1000 USD) 44,049 58,378 76,990 86,656 101,422 107,617 114,342 116,256 124,874 99,100 84,772 66,160 56,494 41,728 35,533 28,808 26,894 18,276
Saved Loss 1,720 2,301 3,090 3,407 4,101 4,324 4,539 4,614 4,936 5,641
CF (1000 USD) -15,349 1,535 1,168 4,602 3,825 7,968 8,161 9,997 8,868 6,832 5,216 4,462 3,482 2,973 2,196 1,870 1,516 1,415 962
IRR= 26.8%

VRA-NED Investment (1000 USD) 4,528 1,621 1,088 3 0 121 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sale (GWh) 82 111 131 131 131 133 133 133 134 52 23 3 3 3 1 1 1 0
Sales (1000 USD) 9,835 13,355 15,718 15,725 15,725 15,988 15,988 15,988 16,092 6,257 2,737 374 367 367 104 104 104 0
Cost (1000 USD) 9,343 12,688 14,933 14,939 14,939 15,188 15,188 15,188 15,287 5,945 2,600 355 349 349 99 99 99 0
Saved Loss 384 522 615 615 615 626 626 626 630 630
CF (1000 USD) -4,144 -607 195 1,398 1,402 1,291 1,425 1,425 1,381 1,434 313 137 19 18 18 5 5 5 0
IRR= 14.8%

Whole Ghana Investment (1000 USD) 21,597 4,705 6,083 2,860 4,837 1,815 2,042 635 2,234 5,381 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sale (GWh) 0 468 623 806 891 1,021 1,077 1,136 1,153 1,229 921 766 583 499 369 313 254 237 160
Sales (1000 USD) 56,202 74,806 96,761 106,942 122,484 129,269 136,347 138,363 147,538 110,574 91,970 70,015 59,834 44,292 37,507 30,429 28,413 19,238
Cost (1000 USD) 53,392 71,066 91,923 101,595 116,360 122,805 129,530 131,444 140,161 105,045 87,371 66,514 56,843 42,077 35,632 28,907 26,993 18,276
2,104 2,823 3,705 4,022 4,717 4,950 5,165 5,240 5,566 6,271
CF (1000 USD) -19,493 928 1,362 6,000 5,227 9,259 9,586 11,422 10,250 8,267 5,529 4,598 3,501 2,992 2,215 1,875 1,521 1,421 962
 Table 16 Summary of the Financial Analysis

Profit margin = 5.0%

Whole Master Plan Newly Identified Projects
Investment Total GWh Investment Total GWh
FIRR FIRR
(1000USD) (10 yrs) (1000USD) (10 yrs)
Accra 59,298 12,553 19.3% 20,750 5,994 25.5%
Tema 17,063 3,485 -1.6% 3,293 1,490 61.8%
Ashanti 11,986 1,338 3.9% 1,879 728 90.0%
Western 8,809 3,425 26.8% 7,685 1,963 31.5%
East 9,832 1,050 -6.1% 7,779 1,050 5.5%
Central 1,197 1,311 26.6% 289 596 517.0%
Volta 2,417 736 4.2% 3,105 736 21.9%
ECG 110,602 23,898 12.7% 44,780 12,557 26.8%
VRA/NED 9,362 1,341 -0.5% 7,408 1,341 14.8%
Whole Ghana 119,964 25,239 11.9% 52,188 13,898 24.6%
NPV= 7,387 (1000USD, r=10%) 16,496 (1000USD, r=10%)

The FIRR for the whole Master plan is shown to be about 11.9%, while for the newly identified projects,
FIRR is 24.6%.

It is difficult to determine the hurdle rate in this situation. In former reports, 10% has been used as a
discount rate for economic performance. Also, the World Bank often asks 8% of ROA in real terms for
power sector projects. If we use these figures as benchmarks, both the whole master plan and the newly
identified projects are financially justifiable. Using 10% as a discount rate, the whole master plan has an
NPV of 7.4 million USD, while the newly identified projects have an NPV of 16 million USD. These
figures, however, depend heavily on the profit margin assumptions.

The relationship between the profit margin and the FIRRs are shown in the next table. It can be seen that
a level of at least 5% (i.e., a profit of about 0.6 US cents/kWh) is required to make the distribution plan
financially viable. Otherwise, the utilities will have a hard time sustaining the facilities.

Table 17 Summary of the Financial Analysis

Profit Margin Whole Master Plan Newly Identified

3% 4.20% 15.70%
4% 8.30% 20.50%
5% 11.90% 24.60%
6% 15.30% 28.90%
7% 18.60% 32.80%

30
3.3 Economic Analysis

In the economic analysis, the benefits to the whole economy needs to be considered, as well as the costs.

It is challenging to estimate the total benefits of power to the end user. One way is to use the willingness
to pay survey conducted in the socio economic survey. Since the large portion of demand is residential, we
will look at the residential willingness to pay. According the survey, the monthly willingness to pay for
various energy items in electrified village households were 9.8 USD /month. For the unelectrified villages,
the figure was 6.4 USD/month. The difference may reflect the overall wealth of these villages, but it also
reflects the familiarity with electricity and the resulting accurate assessment of its value. Initial installment
cost should add about 0.5USD/month to both figures. Another survey suggests that the rural energy use of
these village households are about 22 kWh/month, based on substitute use 2. This suggests that the value of
power is about 0.47 USD/kWh.

Another way is to base the assumption on previous studies. In the National Electrification Project
Feasibility Study (1992), the overall willingness to pay is estimated at 0.25 USD/kWh. This amount will
likely increase over the years due to general economic growth, which will likely match pace with the
general GDP growth.

The real GDP growth of Ghana since 1992 has been quite steady, as seen in the following table. In the
1990s the growth was generally in the 4% zone, but growth accelerated to above 5% since 2003, and
moving higher over 6% in recent years.
Table 18 Ghana Real GDP Growth

Year Real GDP Growth (%)

1992 6.173
1993 4.921
1994 3.28
1995 4.023
1996 4.596
1997 4.199
1998 4.691
1999 4.428
2000 3.736
2001 4.184
2002 4.549
2003 5.246
2004 5.585
2005 5.866
2006 6.368
2007 6.388
2008 6.853

2
National Electrification Project Feasibility Study (1992), Table 6.2.

31
 Based on this figure, the general wealth of Ghana would have doubled since 1992. Using this GDP
growth figure as a deflator, willingness to pay can be assessed at 0.54 USD/kWh, which can be seen as the
benefit of a kWh today. As seen, this figure compares nicely with the 0.47 USD/kWh figure derived from
the socio-economic survey today.

Based on this figure, the EIRR was calculated, which is summarized as follows

Table 19 Summary of the Economic Analysis

Profit margin = 5%
Whole Master Plan Newly Identified Projects
Total GWh Total GWh
EIRR EIRR
(10 yrs) (10 yrs)
Accra 12,553 33.1% 5,994 45.8%
Tema 3,485 11.4% 1,490 93.4%
Ashanti 1,338 13.9% 728 121.7%
Western 3,425 50.4% 1,963 53.5%
East 1,050 3.3% 1,050 15.2%
Central 1,311 46.6% 596 815.8%
Volta 736 21.1% 736 37.2%
ECG 23,898 26.6% 12,557 44.6%
VRA/NED 1,341 14.2% 1,341 27.9%
Whole Ghana 25,239 25.6% 13,898 41.5%
NPV= 50,313 (1000USD, r=12%) 43,053 (1000USD, r=12%)

The whole master plan will have an EIRR of 25.6%, while the newly identified projects will have an
EIRR o 41.5%. The hurdle rate for an EIRR is difficult to determine. In a previous study, 10% was used,
while Asian Development Bank uses a 12% cut-off rate for all projects that applies for a loan. The results
are shown that both the whole master plan and the newly identified projects exceed these hurdle rates by a
large margin. Therefore, the plan is economically viable.

Using 12% discount rate, the NPV of each project for the whole economy is 50 million USD for the
whole master plan, and 43 million for the newly identified projects.

32
 Appendix 1

Existing Pimary Substation Plans

Region Name Financer Equipment Year of Completion Cost (1000US$)

Accra Dansoman GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2009 2,700
Adabraka GOG 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2009 2,700
Nmai Djorn GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Sowutom GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Kwabenya GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Cantonments GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,700
Trade Fair GOG 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2009 2,700
Darukuman - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2011 2,500
Gbawe/Weija - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2011 2,700
T(Adenta) GEDAP Upgrade to 2*20MVA 2011 680
3rd BSP GOG 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2009 2,500
Mallam BSP GOG Install 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2009 680
Tema Dawhenya GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Santeo Adjei Kojo - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2011 2,700
Afienya - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2011 2,500
Community 25 - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2011 2,700
Kpone - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2011 2,700
Ashanti 2nd BSP GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Fawode GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Achiase/Kenyase GEDAP 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500
Central Elmina ECG 2X 10MVA, 33/11kV 2009 1,700
Swedru GOG 2X 10MVA, 33/11kV 2009 1,700
Winneba GOG 2X 15MVA, 33/11kV 2009 578
Western Station A GEDAP Upgrade to 2*20MVA 2009 680
Station B GEDAP Upgrade to 1*20MVA 2009 340
Station C GEDAP Upgrade to 2*20MVA 2009 680
Station D LUTON 2X 10MVA, 33/11kV 2009 1,700
Eastern Koforidua - 2X 20MVA, 33/11kV 2010 2,500

33
 Existing Sub-transmission line Plans

Region Section Year of Completion Line Type Line Length (km) Cost (1000US$)
Accra B-Dansoman 2009 3*630 Al XLPE 8.6 903
Mallam-Dansoman 2009 265AAC 2cct 4.3 421
V(old)-Dansoman 2009 3*630ALXLPE 6 630
B-Darkuman 2011 3*630ALXLPE 8 840
A-Darkuman 2011 3*630ALXLPE 14 1,470
E-Adabraka 2009 3*630ALXLPE 3.8 399
X-G 2011 3*630ALXLPE 8.5 893
J-Sowutuom 2010 265AAC 2cct 10 980
Sowutuom-Mallam 2010 265AAC 2cct 4.5 441
J-C 2010 265AAC 2cct 5 490
J-C 2010 3*630ALXLPE 6 630
J-N 2010 265AAC 2cct 18.8 1,842
Kwabenya-C 2010 3*630ALXLPE 14 1,470
Kwabenya-T 2010 265AAC 2cct 14 1,372
GwabeAJ-Mallam 2011 265AAC 2cct 4 392
GwabeAJ-Z 2011 265AAC 2cct 10 980
K-Cantonment 2010 3*630ALXLPE 5 525
L-Cantonment 2010 3*630ALXLPE 5 525
L-Trade Fair 2009 3*630ALXLPE 2.1 221
L-Trade Fair 2009 265AAC 1cct 1 33
Q-Trade Fair 2009 265AAC 1cct 3.2 106
T-Dodowa 2009 265AAC 2cct 20 1,960
Nmai Jorn- 3rd BSP 2010 400AAC 2cct 8 920
H-M 2009 265AAC 2cct 7.5 735
M-T 2009 265AAC 2cct 7 686
Z-Tokuse 2011 265AAC 2cct 8.2 804
3rd BSP-Y 2009 400AAC 2cct 3 345
Tema H-Kpone 2011 400AAC 2cct 6 690
Kpone-Community25 2011 400AAC 2cct 7 805
Dawhenya-Community25 2011 400AAC 2cct 5 575
Dawhenya-Afienya 2011 265AAC 2cct 12 1,176
Afienya-Ashaiman 2011 265AAC 2cct 11 1,078
B(Tema)-3rd BSP(Accra) 2009 400AAC 2cct 13 1,495
Santeo Adjei Kojo-3rd BSP 2011 400AAC 2cct 8.7 1,001
Ashiman-Santeo Adjei Kojo 2011 400AAC 2cct 7.3 840
Ashante Fawode-C 2010 265AAC 2cct 9 882
Fawode-Achiyase/Kenyase 2010 400AAC 2cct 7 805
Achiyase/Kenyase-2nd BSP 2010 400AAC 2cct 10 1,150
Western D-B 2009 3*630ALXLPE 6 630

34
 Appendix 2

Primary substation and sub-transmission line plans

Year of
Cost
Area Facility name Countermeasure impleme
（1,000US$）
ntation
- Installation of two new 630
Accra H(Achimota)-E ALXLPE circuits between H 1,323 2016
and E (2 circuits x 6.3 km)
- Installation of two new 630
H(Tema)-A ALXLPE circuits between H 588 2016
Tema and E (1 circuits x 5.6 km)
Kpong Primary - Installation of an additional
200 2016
substation 10MVA transformer
- Installation of two new 630
Ashanti A-KTI ALXLPE circuits between H 525 2017
and E (1 circuits x 5.0 km)
Atuabo Primary - Installation of an additional
200 2009
ECG substation 10MVA transformer
Western
Axim Primary - Installation of an additional
200 2015
substation 10MVA transformer
ODA Primary - Installation of an additional
Eastern 200 2012
substation 10MVA transformer
Saltpond Primary - Installation of an additional
Central 200 2009
substation 10MVA transformer
Kpeve Primary - Installation of an additional
200 2009
substation 10MVA transformer
Tsito Primary - Installation of an additional
Volta 200 2015
substation 10MVA transformer
Hohoe Primary - Installation of an additional
200 2012
substation 10MVA transformer
ECG Total 4,036 -
- Installation of capacity bank
4 2010
3,000kVar
Sunyani-Brekum
- Increase in thickness (from
616 2010
120 to 200 mm2 AAC)
Sunyani
- Installation of capacity bank
Sunyani-Mim 6 2010
4,000kVar
Berekum Primary - Installation of an additional
83 2009
VRA- substation 5MVA transformer
NED Bawku Primary - Installation of an additional
48 2009
Upper substation 3MVA transformer
East Navrongo Primary - Installation of an additional
48 2016
substation 3MVA transformer
- Installation of capacity bank
Sawla-Wa 3 2011
Upper 2,000kVar
West Wa Primary - Installation of an additional
83 2010
substation 5MVA transformer
VRA-NED Total 891 -
Ghana Total 4,927 -

35
 Appendix 3

Primary substation plans where necessity was found by distiribution reinforcement plans

Distribution
Substation Cost
Office line Countermeasure
(existing) ［1,000 US$］
（existing）
Installation of a new 33-kV distribution
line (240 mm2 AAC, 24 km) from the
Tafo BSP, construction of a new
Tafo Tafo 1,743
33/11-kV substation (10 MVA) ahead of
it, and connection to the existing Tafo
distribution line along the way
Installation of a new 33-kV distribution
line (240 mm2 AAC, 25 km) from the
Akwatia BSP, construction of a new
Akwatia Asamankese 1,425
Eastern 33/11-kV substation (5 MVA) ahead of it,
and connection to the existing Asamkese
distribution line along the way
Aerial line replacement
(16mm2 Cu→120mm2 AAC, 32km)
Construction of a 33/11-kV substation (5
Nkawkaw Mountains MVA) along the way, and partial shift of 898
load on the existing Mountains
distribution line to the Donkorkrom
distribution line
Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV and
Western Atuabo Manganese construction of a new 33/11-kV 312
substation (5 MVA)
Construction of new 33/11-kV
substations (10 MVA) at the center of the
load distribution, installation of a new
Volta Tsito Peki 343
33-kV distribution line (120 mm2 AAC,
2 km), and connection for division of the
load
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (185
mm2 ALXLPE, 18 km) from the Tamale
BSP, construction of a
Tamale 28F3B 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5 MVA) ahead 1,292
of this line (near Tolon), and connection
to the existing 28F3B distribution line
along the way
VRA-NED
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (120
mm2 AAC, 14 km) from the Sunyani
BSP, construction of a
Sunyani 27F8B 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5 MVA) ahead 1,045
of this line (near Chiraa), and connection
to the existing 27F8B distribution line
along the way

36
 Appendix 4

Distribution network reinforcement master plan

① : New 33kV/11kV substation construction

(including ancillary facilities such as 33kV distribution lines)
② : Installation of new distribution line
③ : Enlargement of lines（Overhead line）
④ : Enlargement of lines（Cable）
⑤ : Voltage increase
⑥ : Installation of Capacitor Bank and Condensor, or Booster
⑦ : Alleviation of load by construction of a switching station

(ECG Accra East Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year Distribution Substation
(existing)
(existing) line units units
F03(FD38),
Partial transfer of load after
F15(FK02),
Main F ① construction of the Adabraka 2009 GEDAP
F11(FD19),
substation
F04(FD48)
G013(G56),
G07(G06),
G11(G13),
G19(G60), Partial shift of load after
Main G G12(G47), ① construction of the Adabraka 2009 GEDAP
G02(G33), substation
G06(G64),
G04(G351),
G21(G25)
Cable replacement (120 mm2 Al ->
H02(H351) ④ 185 mm2 Al, 15 km) and partial 2008 572
shift of load to the M01 feeder
Cable replacement
H05(H06) ④ 2017 900
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 13km)
Cable replacement
H10(H10) ④ 2017 969
Main H (185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 14km) 3,800
* Installation of a new distribution
line from the Main H substation,
H04(H07) ② 2011 320
and partial shift of load (120mm2
AAC, 15km)
Cable replacement
H08(H24) ④ 2013 1,039
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 15km)

37
 Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Installation of a new distribution
171
line from the Trade Fair substation
Only for cost of
K03(K09) ① (to be constructed in 2009), and 2009
installing a new
partial shift of load
line
(120mm2 AAC, 8km)
Installation of a new distribution 171
line from the Trade Fair substation, Only for cost of
K04(K10) ① 2009
and partial shift of load (120mm2 installing a new
AAC, 8km) line
Cable replacement (185mm2 Al →
Main K K05(K150) ④ 2008 1,246 3,533
240mm2 Cu, 18km)
Cable replacement (185mm2 Al →
K13(K13) ④ 2014 1,177
240mm2 Cu, 17km)
Installation of a new distribution
line from the Airport substation
K06(K60) ② 2011 192
(already constructed), and partial
shift of load (120mm2 AAC, 9km)
K10(K61) ② Same as above (120mm2 AAC, 7km) 2017 149
K11(K06) ② Same as above (120mm2 AAC, 9km) 2009 192
K12(K07) ② Same as above (120mm2 AAC, 11km) 2011 235
Cable replacement (185mm2 Al →
L11(L01) ④ 2017 1,177
240mm2 Cu, 17km)
Installation of a new distribution
line from the Trade Fair substation,
L10(L22) ① 2017 128
and partial shift of load (120mm2
AAC, 6km)
Main L Cable replacement (185mm2 Al → 2,456
L06(L12) ④ 2017 831
240mm2 Cu, 12km)
Installation of a new distribution
line from the Trade Fair substation,
L04(L03) ① 2015 128
and partial shift of load (120mm2
AAC, 6km)
L03(L02) ① Same as above (120mm2 AAC, 9km) 2010 192
Partial shift of load after
M05
① construction of the Nmai Djorn 2010 GEDAP
(Old Legon 2)
substation
M01 Cable replacement (185mm2 Al →
④ 2011 1,108
(Old Legon 1) 240mm2 Cu, 16km)
Partial shift of load after
M07
Main M ① construction of the Nmai Djorn 2010 GEDAP 1,172
(Madina)
substation
Installation of a new distribution
GEDAP
line from the Kwabenya substation
M08 New distribution
① (to be constructed in 2010 under the 2010
(Kwabenya) line installation
GEDAP), and partial shift of load
cost: 64
(120mm2 AAC, 3km)

38
 Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Installation of a new distribution line
Q03 from the Main Q substation, and
② 2009 107
(Teshie 1) partial shift of load (120mm2 AAC,
5km)
Q06 Same as above
Main Q ② 2015 107 406
(Teshie 3) (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Q01 Same as above
② 2008 85
(Old Spintex) (120mm2 AAC, 4km)
Q07 Same as above
② 2014 107
(Teshie 2) (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
T03
Partial shift of load after construction
(Adenta ① 2010 GEDAP
of the Nmai Djorn substation
Est.1)
Installation of a new distribution line GEDAP
from the Kwabenya substation (to be New distribution
Main T T09 362
① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 line installation
(Agbogba)
GEDAP), and partial shift of load cost:
(120mm2 AAC, 7km) 149
T11 Same as above
① 2010 213
(Pantang) (120mm2 AAC, 10km)
Installation of a capacitor bank
Peduase ⑥ (tentatively 4,000 kVar) to improve 2008 6
voltage
Main W 12
Installation of a capacitor bank
"W03
⑥ (tentatively 4,000 kVar) to improve 2008 6
(Akropong)"
voltage
Installation of a new distribution line GEDAP
"Y04 from the Nami Djorn substation (to be New distribution
(Johnson ① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 line installation
Wax)" GEDAP), and partial shift of load cost:
(120mm2 AAC, 5km) 107
"Y10
Installation of a new distribution line
(Texpo)",
Main Y from the Main Y substation, and 576
② 2008 256
partial shift of load
"Y11
(120mm2 AAC, 12km)
(Spintex)"
Installation of a new distribution line
"Y02
from the Airport substation (already
(Old ② 2013 213
constructed), and partial shift of load
Spintex)"
(120mm2 AAC, 10km)

39
（ECG Accra West Office）

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
A120,
Partial shift of load after construction 2011
Main A A13,
① of the Darkman substation (2011) and GEDAP
(Odorkor) A01,
the Sowutuom substation (2010) 2010
A61
B25,
B27,
B35,
B15,
Main B Partial shift of load after construction
B42, ① 2009 GEDAP
(Korie Bu) of the New Dansoman substation
B24,
B28,
B19,
B20
Aerial line replacement
ABC ③ 2008 103
(35mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 20km)
Main C
C20,
(Achimota * Partial shift of load after 103
C60,
Village) ① construction of the Sowutuom 2010 GEDAP
C14,
substation
C13
Cable replacement
D150 ④ 2011 152
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 2.2km)
Cable replacement
D123 ④ 2010 305
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 4.4km)
Cable replacement
D16 ④ (185mm2 Al 2008 2,032
→6x630mm2 Cu, 3.2km)
Main D
Cable replacement 3,978
(Avenor) D101 ④ 2008 291
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 4.2km)
Cable replacement
D103 ④ 2008 367
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 5.3km)
Cable replacement
D01 ④ 2011 374
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 5.4km)
Cable replacement
D114 ④ 2008 457
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 6.6km)
E08,
Main E E07,
Partial shift of load after construction
(Tran- EG14, ① 2009 GEDAP
of the Adabraka substation
shipment) E20,
E150
Main F
F11, Partial shift of load after construction
(Koko- ① 2009 GEDAP
F10 of the Adabraka substation
miemie)

40
 Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Installation of a new distribution line
from the Main G substation, and
G25 ② 2008 329
partial shift of load
Main G
(185mm2 Alcable, 10km)
(Power 1,087
Same as above
House) G56 ② 2 2014 329
(185mm Alcable, 10km)
Cable replacement
GE19 ④ 2014 429
(185mm2 Al →258mm2 Cu, 6.2km)
Posting as
new
Nsawam Partial shift of load after construction
① 2008 substation
Main N - Accra, of the Ofankor substation
construction 320
(Nsawam)
cost
Adoagyiri Partial shift of load to a new feeder
② 2008 320
-Coaltar from Asamankese feeders
Cable replacement
R12 ④ 2011 339
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 4.9km)
Main R Cable replacement
R11 ④ 2010 145 983
(Ridge) (185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 2.1km)
Cable replacement
R3 ④ 2017 499
(185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 7.2km)
Main S
Partial shift of load after construction
(Kuwa- S10 ① 2010 GEDAP
of the Sowutuomr substation
shieman)
V02,
Main V Partial shift of load after construction
V10, ① 2009 GEDAP
(Dansoman) of the New Dansoman substation
V11
Installation of a new distribution line
from the Main Z substation, and
RADIO ② 2008 320
partial shift of load
Main Z (120mm2 AAC, 15km)
640
(Tokuse) Installation of a new distribution line
from the Main Z substation, and
TUBA ② 2008 320
partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 15km)

41
(ECG Tema Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Cable replacement
Tema A A31 ④ 2009 213 213
(120mm2 Cu →240mm2 Cu, 3km)
Installation of a new distribution line
GEDAP
from the Adjei Kojo substation (to be
Distribution line
Tema B B111 ① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 64
installation cost:
GEDAP), and partial shift of load
64
(120mm2 AAC, 3km)
Cable replacement
LUBE OIL ④ 2012 124
(120mm2 Cu →240mm2 Cu, 1.75km)
Installation of a new distribution line
toward PFC Tank and partial shift of
Tema C F/H#2 ② 2010 32 369
load
(240mm2 Cu ケーブル, 0.5km)
Cable replacement
AGRONA ④ 2010 213
(120mm2 Cu →240mm2 Cu, 3km)
Cable replacement
Tema E E21 ④ 2009 71 71
(120mm2 Cu →240mm2 Cu, 1km)
Installation of a new distribution line
GEDAP
from the Dawhenya substation (to be
Distribution line
Prampram ① constructed in 2010 under the 2010
installation cost:
GEDAP), and partial shift of load
320
(120mm2 AAC, 15km)
Western Cable replacement
④ 2011 139
Tema H Castling (185mm2 Al →240mm2 Cu, 2km) 1.089
Connection of the cable on the trunk
H-B1 portion of the existing H-B2 line to
H-B1, for two lines on the trunk
② 2010 630
portion of H-B1, plus installation of a
H-B2 new cable (630 mm2 Al XLPE, 6 km)
for H-B2
Installation of a capacitor bank
Tema L Comm.20
⑥ (tentatively 300 kVar) to improve 2013 1 1
(Lashibi) (L91)
voltage
Partial shift of load after construction
Tema S S31 Construction of a new
① of the Mobole substation now under 2010
(Ashiaman) (AFARIWA) substation
planning
Installation of a new distribution line
from the substation and partial shift of
KPONG Krobo Area ② 2013 341 341
load
(120mm2 AAC, 16km)
Aerial line replacement
Asutsuare Asutsuare ③ 2008 358 358
(35mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 16km)

42
(ECG Ashanti East Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distributio Substation
(existing)
n line units units
Partial shift of load after construction
NSUTA
① of the Fawode and Achiase 2010 GEDAP
-KUWAWU
substations (both in 2010)
Installation of a new distribution line
Already
C21 ② from the Main F substation and 2007
implemented
partial shift of load (completed)
Partial shift of load to the KTI
Main C C41 ② 2008 213 213
substation (120mm2 AAC, 10km)
Partial shift of load after construction
Airport 1 ① 2010 GEDAP
of the Achiase substation (2010)
Partial shift of load after construction
of the Fawode substation (2010), and
Airport 2 ① 2010 GEDAP
partial shift of load to the distribution
line from Main E
Partial shift of load after construction
GEDAP
of the Fawode substation (2010), and
Main E E21 ① 2010 new distribution line
partial shift of load to the distribution
installation cost: 213
line from Main C
Aerial line replacement
NSUTA Mampong ③ (16mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 2008 67 67
10.9km)
Partial shift of load after construction
AGONA NSUTA ① 2010 GEDAP
of the Achiase substation (2010)
Installation of a capacitor bank
KONONGO ⑥ (tentatively 4000 kVar) to improve 2009 6
voltage
Installation of a capacitor bank
KONONGO AGOGO ⑥ (tentatively 4000 kVar) to improve 2010 6 18
voltage
Installation of a capacitor bank
ODUMASI ⑥ (tentatively 4000 kVar) to improve 2017 6
voltage
Installation of a capacitor bank
EJISU EJISU ⑥ (tentatively 4000 kVar) to improve 2009 6 6
voltage

43
(ECG Ashanti West Office)

Distributi Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
on lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distributio Substation
(existing)
n line units units
Partial shift of load to the Guiness 1
feeder completed; installation of four (Already
new distribution lines from the implemented
Amanform substation (already ) distribution
OBR ② 2008
constructed) and partial shift of load line
(installation work already started; installation
lengths of 0.1 km (three) and 1 km cost: 28
(one)
Main A Cable replacement 129
IND OHL ④ 2008 92
(35mm2 Cu →185mm2 Al, 2.7km)
LAKE Installation of a new distribution line
ROAD from the KTI (Japckson Park)
substation now under construction and
① partial shift of load, plus installation of 2008 10
POWER three new distribution lines (each with
HOUSE 2 185 mm2 Al cable and a length of 0.1
km)
Installation of a new distribution line
B11 ② from the Main E substation and partial 2009 107
shift of load (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution line
B21 ② from the Main E substation and partial 2009 107
shift of load (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution line
from the Abuakawa substation and
Main B B61 ② 2008 107 533
partial shift of load (120mm2 AAC,
5km)
Installation of a new distribution line
B71 ② from the Abuakawa substation and 2009 107
partial shift of load(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution line
B81 ② from the Abuakawa substation and 2009 107
partial shift of load(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Substation
Plan for a partial shift of load to the
D21 ① 2008 already
Knust substation already constructed
constructed
Main D
Substation
Plan for a partial shift of load to the
D31 ① 2008 already
Knust substation already constructed
constructed
Aerial line replacement
BEKWAI KOKOFU ③ 2008 12 12
(16mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 1.9km)
Aerial line and cable replacement
(35mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 8.7km)
Dunkwa DUNKWA ③ (16mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 1.5km) 2008 162 162
(35mm2 Cu cable
→185mm2 Al XLPE, 2.7km)

44
(ECG Western Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units unit
Cable replacement
A10 ④ (120mm2 Cu PILC 2017 74
→185mm2 Cu PILC, 1.5km)
Cable replacement
(120mm2 Cu PILC
Western A A31 ④ →240mm2 Cu PILC, 4.3km) 2008 304 637
Partial shift of load from the existing
distribution line A41 to A57
Aerial line replacement
A55 ③ 2010 259
(150mm2 Al → 265mm2 Al, 7.6km)
Cable replacement
B21 ④ (185mm2 Cu PILC 2012 205
→240mm2 Cu PILC, 2.9km)
Western B 453
Cable replacement
B71 ④ (120mm2 Cu PILC 2008 248
→240mm2 Cu PILC, 3.5km)
Western C C08 ⑤ Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2010 719 719
Construction of a switching station
"Bogoso
Bogoso ⑦ and division of the existing 2010 400 400
/ Asanko"
distribution lines
Aerial line replacement
Aboso 1 ③ (150mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 2012 775
38km)
Aerial line replacement
(150mm2 AAC
Aboso 2 ③ 2012 789
→ 240mm2 AAC,
Atuabo 1,976
38.7km)
Aerial line replacement
Town 2 ③ 2013 100
(70mm2 Cu→240mm2 AAC, 12km)
Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV
Manganese ① and construction of a new 33/11-kV 2008 312
substation (5 MVA)
Aerial line replacement
Awaso
③ (150mm2 AAC 2017 123
/Wiawso
→200mm2 AAC, 15km)
Asawinso 725
Aerial line replacement
Bibiani ③ (150mm2 AAC 2012 602
→400mm2 AAC, 29.5km)
Aerial line replacement
（120mm2 AAC →240mm2 AAC,
Dwenase Juaboso ③ 2012 1,942 1,942
about 60km、Need for replacement
of supporting structures as well）

45
(ECG Eastern Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units unit

Kibi / Suhum ⑤ Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2008 1,270

Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 24
km) from the Tafo BSP, construction
Tafo ① of a new 33/11-kV substation (10 2008 1,743
Tafo MVA) ahead of it, and connection to 3,518
the existing Tafo distribution line
along the way
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 17
Koforidua ② km) from the Tafo BSP, and 2008 505
connection to the existing Tafo
Koforidua distribution line
Akwatia ⑤ Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2008 616
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 25
km) from the Akwatia BSP,
Asamankese ① construction of a new 33/11-kV 2008 1,425
substation (5 MVA) ahead of it, and
Akwatia 2,932
connection to the existing Asamkese
distribution line along the way
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC, 30
Oda ② km) from the Akwatia BSP, and 2008 891
connection to the existing Oda
distribution line
Aerial line replacement
Oda Achiase ③ (35mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 56km) 2008 374 374
(50mm2 AAC→120mm2 AAC, 4km)
Aerial line replacement
(16mm2 Cu→120mm2 AAC, 32km)
Construction of a 33/11-kV
Mountains ① substation (5 MVA) along the way, 2010 898
and partial shift of load on the
Nkawkaw 1,087
existing Mountains distribution line
to the Donkorkrom distribution line
Cable replacement
Town ④ (95mm2 Al XLPE, 185mm2 Al XLPE 2008 189
→240mm2 Cu XLPE, 3km)

46
(ECG Central Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units unit
Installation of a new distribution
line (120 mm2 AAC, 4 km) and
WINNEBA ② partial shift of load, or partial shift 2010 85
of load to the APAM distribution
line

Partial shift of load after

WINNEBA SWEDRU 1 ① construction of the Swedru 2009 GEDAP 86
substation

Partial shift of load after

SWEDRU 2 ① construction of the Swedru 2009 GEDAP
substation
Installation of a condensor to
APAM ⑥ 2008 1
increase voltage
SALTPON MANKESSI Installation of a condensor to
⑥ 2008 1 1
D M increase voltage
Partial shift of load after
GEDAP
construction of the Elmina
SALTPOND ① 2009
substation, and installation of a
1
condensor to increase voltage
Partial shift of load after
GEDAP
construction of the Elmina
FOSU ① 2009
substation, and installation of a
Cape Coast 1 2
condensor to increase voltage
Partial shift of load after
ELMINA ① construction of the Elmina 2009 GEDAP
substation
Partial shift of load after
TOWN 2 ① construction of the Elmina 2009 GEDAP
substation

47
(ECG Volta Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units unit

Installation of a 33-kV booster

HOHOE ⑥ 2008 100
station to increase voltage
KPANDO 1,124
Installation of a new 11-kV
"HOHOE-
② distribution line 2009 1,024
JASIKAN"
(120mm2 AAC, 48km)
Installation of a tie between the
Tsibu Bethel and Agbate
KPEVE TOWNSHIP ② distribution lines to take in the 2009 96 96
existing Township load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new 11-kV
distribution line and division of the
HO TANYIGBE ② 2016 75 75
existing Tanyigbe load
(120mm2 AAC, 4km)
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line and division of the
SOGAKOP "SOGA-
② Keta distribution line from Akatsi 2008 267 267
E AKATSI"
and Sogakope
(120mm2 AAC, 12.5km)
Construction of new 33/11-kV
substations (2 x 10 MVA) at the
center of the load distribution,
TSITO PEKI ① installation of a new 33-kV 2010 343 343
distribution line (120 mm2 AAC, 2
km), and connection for division of
the load
Replacement of aerial lines
(16mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 3.5km)
Anloga Keta ③ (35mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC, 2008 700 700
14.4km)
(70mm2 Cu→120mm2 AAC, 2.4km)

48
(VRA-NED Area)

Cost (USD1,000)
Distributi
Substations
on lines Type of countermeasure Year Distribu
(existing) Substati
(existing) tion line
on unit
units
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (185
mm2 ALXLPE, 18 km) from the Tamale
BSP, construction of a
28F3B ① 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5 MVA) ahead 2008 1,292
of this line (near Tolon), and connection
to the existing 28F3B distribution line
along the way
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F4B ② 2009 131
Tamale (185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km) 1,907
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F6B ② 2008 131
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Aerial line replacement
28F7B ③ 2013 66
(100mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 8km)
Aerial line replacement
28F8B ③ 2009 156
(100mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 19km)
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F9B ② 2010 131
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Sunyani
Aerial line replacement
- Drobo ③ 2009 279
(120mm2 AAC →150mm2 AAC, 40km)
(BRYF1)
"Berekum
Aerial line replacement
- Dormaa ③ 2009 216
(120mm2 AAC →150mm2 AAC, 31km)
(BRYF2)"
Berekum Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, and
Brekum F1 ⑤ aerial line replacement (35mm2 Cu, 2008 555 1,141
(BRBF1) 50mm2 AAC →200mm2 AAC, 23km)
Berekum
Aerial line replacement
F2 ③ 2008 42
(50mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 6km)
(BRBF2)
Berekum
Aerial line replacement (16mm2 Cu,
F3 ③ 2008 49
50mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 8km)
(BRBF3)

Sunyani
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
F3 ② 2008 327
(120mm2 AAC, 13km)
(27F3B)

Sunyani
Aerial line replacement
F7 ③ 2008 43
(35mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 7km)
Sunyani (27F7B) 1,421
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (120
mm2 AAC, 14 km) from the Sunyani
Sunyani BSP, construction of a
F8 ① 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5 MVA) ahead 2008 1,045
(27F8B) of this line (near Chiraa), and connection
to the existing 27F8B distribution line
along the way

49
(VRA-NED Area)

Cost (USD1,000)
Distributio
Substations
n lines Type of countermeasure Year Distribu
(existing) Substati
(existing) tion line
on unit
units
Sawla-Wa
Installation of a capacitor bank (2,000
(38YF6)
⑥ kVar) in the Mim switching station to 2011 3
Wa-Hamile improve voltage
(WAFY1)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
Wa
starting section with 185 mm2 Al
Township 1 ③ 2009 37
XLPE, and aerial line replacement
Sawla (479BF1) 155
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 6km)
Wa Aerial line replacement
Township 2 ③ (100mm2 AAC, 120mm2 AAC 2010 84
(479BF2) → 150mm2 AAC, 12km)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
Wa
starting section with 185 mm2 Al
Township 3 ③ 2008 31
XLPE, and aerial line replacement
(479BF3)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 5km)
Bimbilla Installation of a 10-MVA booster
Yendi ⑥ 2008 100 100
(35F5Y) station to improve voltage
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
starting section with 185 mm2 Al
29F1B
③ XLPE, and aerial line replacement 2010 168
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC, 120mm2 AAC
→ 150mm2 AAC, 5km)
Bolgatanga Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, 1,486
29F4B
⑤ and aerial line replacement 2008 649
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 20km)
Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV,
29F6B
⑤ and aerial line replacement 2008 669
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 8km)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
26F1B starting section with 185 mm2 Al
③ 2008 125
(TECHIMAN) XLPE, and aerial line replacement
(50mm2 AAC→ 150mm2 AAC, 17km)
Techiman 319
26F2B Aerial line replacement
③ 2009 55
(TECHIMAN) (50mm2 AAC → 120mm2 AAC, 8km)
WHF2B Aerial line replacement
③ 2008 139
(WENCHI) (25mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 20km)

50
 Appendix 5

Distribution network reinforcement implementation plan

① : New 33kV/11kV substation construction

(including ancillary facilities such as 33kV distribution lines)
② : Installation of new distribution line
③ : Enlargement of lines（Overhead line）
④ : Enlargement of lines（Cable）
⑤ : Voltage increase
⑥ : Installation of Capacitor Bank and Condensor, or Booster
⑦ : Alleviation of load by construction of a switching station

(ECG Accra East Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year Distribution Substation
(existing)
(existing) line units units
F03(FD38),
Partial transfer of load after
F15(FK02),
Main F ① construction of the Adabraka 2009 GEDAP
F11(FD19),
substation
F04(FD48)
G013(G56),
G07(G06),
G11(G13),
G19(G60), Partial shift of load after
Main G G12(G47), ① construction of the Adabraka 2009 GEDAP
G02(G33), substation
G06(G64),
G04(G351),
G21(G25)
Cable replacement (120 mm2
Al -> 185 mm2 Al, 15 km) and
H02(H351) ④ 2008 572
partial shift of load to the M01
feeder
Cable replacement
H05(H06) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2017 900
13km)
Cable replacement
Main H H10(H10) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2017 969 3,800
14km)
* Installation of a new
distribution line from the Main
H04(H07) ② 2011 320
H substation, and partial shift of
load (120mm2 AAC, 15km)
Cable replacement
H08(H24) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2013 1,039
15km)

51
 Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Installation of a new
distribution line from the 171
K03(K09) ① Trade Fair substation (to be 2009 Only for cost of
constructed in 2009), and installing a new
partial shift of load line
(120mm2 AAC, 8km)
Installation of a new 171
distribution line from the Only for cost of
K04(K10) ① Trade Fair substation, and 2009 installing a new
partial shift of load line
(120mm2 AAC, 8km)
Cable replacement
K05(K150) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2008 1,246
Main K 18km) 3,532
Cable replacement
K13(K13) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2014 1,177
17km)
Installation of a new
distribution line from the
K06(K60) ② Airport substation (already 2011 192
constructed), and partial shift
of load (120mm2 AAC, 9km)
K10(K61) ② Same as above 2017 149
(120mm2 AAC, 7km)
K11(K06) ② Same as above 2009 192
(120mm2 AAC, 9km)
K12(K07) ② Same as above 2011 235
(120mm2 AAC, 11km)
Cable replacement
L11(L01) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2017 1,177
17km)
Installation of a new
distribution line from the
L10(L22) ① Trade Fair substation, and 2017 128
partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 6km)
Main L Cable replacement 2,456
L06(L12) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2017 831
12km)
Installation of a new
distribution line from the
L04(L03) ① Trade Fair substation, and 2015 128
partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 6km)
L03(L02) ① Same as above 2010 192
(120mm2 AAC, 9km)
M05 Partial shift of load after
(Old Legon 2) ① construction of the Nmai 2010 GEDAP
Djorn substation
M01 Cable replacement
(Old Legon 1) ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2011 1,108
16km)
M07 Partial shift of load after
Main M (Madina) ① construction of the Nmai 2010 GEDAP 1,172
Djorn substation
Installation of a new
distribution line from the GEDAP
M08 Kwabenya substation (to be New
(Kwabenya) ① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 distribution line
GEDAP), and partial shift of installation cost:
load 64
(120mm2 AAC, 3km)

52
 Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Installation of a new
distribution line from the
Q03
② Main Q substation, and partial 2009 107
(Teshie 1)
shift of load (120mm2 AAC,
5km)
Main Q Q06 Same as above 405
② 2015 107
(Teshie 3) (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Q01 Same as above
② 2008 85
(Old Spintex) (120mm2 AAC, 4km)
Q07 Same as above
② 2014 107
(Teshie 2) (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
T03 Partial shift of load after
(Adenta ① construction of the Nmai 2010 GEDAP
Est.1) Djorn substation
Installation of a new
distribution line from the GEDAP
Kwabenya substation (to be New
Main T T09 363
① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 distribution line
(Agbogba)
GEDAP), and partial shift of installation cost:
load 149
(120mm2 AAC, 7km)
T11 Same as above
① 2010 213
(Pantang) (120mm2 AAC, 10km)
Installation of a capacitor
Peduase ⑥ bank (tentatively 4,000 kVar) 2008 6
to improve voltage
Main W 12
Installation of a capacitor
"W03
⑥ bank (tentatively 4,000 kVar) 2008 6
(Akropong)"
to improve voltage
Installation of a new
GEDAP
distribution line from the
"Y04 New
Nami Djorn substation (to be
(Johnson ① 2010 distribution line
constructed in 2010 under the
Wax)" installation cost:
GEDAP), and partial shift of
107
load (120mm2 AAC, 5km)
"Y10 Installation of a new
(Texpo)", distribution line from the
Main Y 576
② Main Y substation, and partial 2008 256
"Y11 shift of load
(Spintex)" (120mm2 AAC, 12km)
Installation of a new
"Y02 distribution line from the
(Old ② Airport substation (already 2013 213
Spintex)" constructed), and partial shift
of load (120mm2 AAC, 10km)
ECG Accra East Office Total 12,316

53
（ECG Accra West Office）

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
A120, Partial shift of load after
2011
Main A A13, construction of the Darkman
① GEDAP
(Odorkor) A01, substation (2011) and the
2010
A61 Sowutuom substation (2010)
B25,
B27,
B35,
B15, Partial shift of load after
Main B
B42, ① construction of the New 2009 GEDAP
(Korie Bu)
B24, Dansoman substation
B28,
B19,
B20
Aerial line replacement
ABC ③ (35mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC, 2008 103
Main C 20km)
(Achimota C20, 103
Village) * Partial shift of load after
C60,
① construction of the Sowutuom 2010 GEDAP
C14,
substation
C13
Cable replacement
D150 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2011 152
2.2km)
Cable replacement
D123 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2010 305
4.4km)
Cable replacement
(185mm2 Al
D16 ④ 2009 2,032
→ 6x630mm2 Cu,
3.2km)
Main D Cable replacement
3,978
(Avenor) D101 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2008 291
4.2km)
Cable replacement
D103 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2008 367
5.3km)
Cable replacement
D01 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2011 374
5.4km)
Cable replacement
D114 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2008 457
6.6km)
E08,
Main E E07, Partial shift of load after
(Tran- EG14, ① construction of the Adabraka 2009 GEDAP
shipment) E20, substation
E150
Main F Partial shift of load after
F11,
(Koko- ① construction of the Adabraka 2009 GEDAP
F10
miemie) substation

54
 Distribution Cost (USD1,000)
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Installation of a new
distribution line from the Main
G25 ② G substation, and partial shift 2008 329
of load
Main G
(185mm2 Al cable, 10km)
(Power 1,087
Same as above
House) G56 ② 2014 329
(185mm2 Al cable, 10km)
Cable replacement
GE19 ④ (185mm2 Al → 258mm2 Cu, 2014 429
6.2km)
Posting as
Partial shift of load after new
Nsawam
① construction of the Ofankor 2008 substation
- Accra
Main N substation construction
320
(Nsawam) cost
Partial shift of load to a new
Adoagyiri
② feeder from Asamankese 2008 320
-Coaltar
feeders
Cable replacement
R12 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2011 339
4.9km)
Cable replacement
Main R
R11 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2010 145 983
(Ridge)
2.1km)
Cable replacement
R3 ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2017 499
7.2km)
Main S Partial shift of load after
(Kuwa- S10 ① construction of the Sowutuomr 2010 GEDAP
shieman) substation
V02, Partial shift of load after
Main V
V10, ① construction of the New 2009 GEDAP
(Dansoman)
V11 Dansoman substation
Installation of a new
distribution line from the Main
RADIO ② Z substation, and partial shift 2008 320
of load
Main Z (120mm2 AAC, 15km)
640
(Tokuse) Installation of a new
distribution line from the Main
TUBA ② Z substation, and partial shift 2008 320
of load
(120mm2 AAC, 15km)
ECG Accra West Office Total 7,111

55
(ECG Tema Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Cable replacement
Tema A A31 ④ (120mm2 Cu → 240mm2 Cu, 2009 213 213
3km)
Installation of a new
distribution line from the GEDAP
Adjei Kojo substation (to be Distribution line
Tema B B111 ① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 installation cost: 64
GEDAP), and partial shift of 64
load
(120mm2 AAC, 3km)
Cable replacement
LUBE OIL ④ (120mm2 Cu → 240mm2 Cu, 2012 124
1.75km)
Installation of a new
Tema C F/H#2 ② distribution line toward PFC 2010 32 369
Tank and partial shift of load
(240mm2 Cu ケーブル, 0.5km)
Cable replacement
AGRONA ④ (120mm2 Cu → 240mm2 Cu, 2010 213
3km)
Cable replacement
Tema E E21 ④ (120mm2 Cu → 240mm2 Cu, 2009 71 71
1km)
Installation of a new
distribution line from the GEDAP
Dawhenya substation (to be Distribution line
Prampram ① constructed in 2010 under the 2010 installation cost:
GEDAP), and partial shift of 320
load
(120mm2 AAC, 15km)
Western Cable replacement
Tema H
Castling ④ (185mm2 Al → 240mm2 Cu, 2011 139 1,089
2km)
Connection of the cable on the
H-B1
trunk portion of the existing
H-B2 line to H-B1, for two
② lines on the trunk portion of 2010 630
H-B1, plus installation of a
H-B2 new cable (630 mm2 Al
XLPE, 6 km) for H-B2
Tema L Comm.20 Installation of a capacitor bank
(Lashibi) (L91) ⑥ (tentatively 300 kVar) to 2013 1 1
improve voltage
Tema S S31 Partial shift of load after Construction of a new
(Ashiaman) (AFARIWA) ① construction of the Mobole 2010 substation
substation now under planning
Installation of a new
distribution line from the
KPONG Krobo Area ② substation and partial shift of 2013 341 341
load
(120mm2 AAC, 16km)
Aerial line replacement
Asutsuare Asutsuare ③ (35mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC, 2008 358 358
16km)
ECG Tema Offiice Total 2,506

56
(ECG Ashanti East Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substation
(existing)
line units units
Partial shift of load after
NSUTA construction of the Fawode
① 2010 GEDAP
-KUWAWU and Achiase substations
(both in 2010)
Installation of a new
distribution line from the Already
C21 ② 2007
Main F substation and partial implemented
shift of load (completed)
Partial shift of load to the
Main C C41 ② KTI substation (120mm2 2008 213 213
AAC, 10km)
Partial shift of load after
Airport 1 ① construction of the Achiase 2010 GEDAP
substation (2010)
Partial shift of load after
construction of the Fawode
Airport 2 ① substation (2010), and partial 2010 GEDAP
shift of load to the
distribution line from Main E
Partial shift of load after
construction of the Fawode GEDAP
Main E E21 ① substation (2010), and partial 2010 new distribution line
shift of load to the installation cost: 213
distribution line from Main C
Aerial line replacement
NSUTA Mampong ③ (16mm2 Cu →120mm2 AAC, 2008 67 67
10.9km)
Partial shift of load after
AGONA NSUTA ① construction of the Achiase 2010 GEDAP
substation (2010)
Installation of a capacitor
KONONGO ⑥ bank (tentatively 4000 kVar) 2009 6
to improve voltage
Installation of a capacitor
KONONGO AGOGO ⑥ bank (tentatively 4000 kVar) 2010 6 18
to improve voltage
Installation of a capacitor
ODUMASI ⑥ bank (tentatively 4000 kVar) 2017 6
to improve voltage
Installation of a capacitor
EJISU EJISU ⑥ bank (tentatively 4000 kVar) 2009 6 6
to improve voltage
ECG Ashanti East Office Total 517

57
(ECG Ashanti West Office)

Cost (USD1,000)
Distributi
Substations
on lines Type of countermeasure Year Distributi
(existing) Substati
(existing) on line
on units
units
Partial shift of load to the Guiness 1 (Already
feeder completed; installation of implemente
four new distribution lines from the 2007 d)
OBR ② Amanform substation (already distribution
constructed) and partial shift of 2008 line
load (installation work already installation
started; lengths of 0.1 km (three) cost: 28
and 1 km (one)
Main A IND OHL ④ Cable replacement 2008 92 129
(35mm2 Cu →185mm2 Al, 2.7km)
Installation of a new distribution
LAKE line from the KTI (Japckson Park)
ROAD substation now under construction
① and partial shift of load, plus 2008 10
installation of three new
POWER distribution lines (each with 185
HOUSE 2 mm2 Al cable and a length of 0.1
km)
Installation of a new distribution
B11 ② line from the Main E substation and 2009 107
partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution
B21 ② line from the Main E substation and 2009 107
partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution
Main B B61 ② line from the Abuakawa substation 2008 107 533
and partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution
B71 ② line from the Abuakawa substation 2009 107
and partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new distribution
B81 ② line from the Abuakawa substation 2009 107
and partial shift of load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Plan for a partial shift of load to the Substation
D21 ① Knust substation already 2008 already
Main D constructed constructed
Plan for a partial shift of load to the Substation
D31 ① Knust substation already 2008 already
constructed constructed
Aerial line replacement
BEKWAI KOKOFU ③ (16mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC, 2008 12 12
1.9km)
Aerial line and cable replacement
(35mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC,
8.7km)2
Dunkwa DUNKWA ③ (16mm Cu → 120mm2 AAC, 2008 162 162
1.5km)2
(35mm Cu 2cable
→185mm Al XLPE, 2.7km)
ECG Ashanti West Office Total 836

58
(ECG Western Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distribution Substati
(existing)
line units on unit
Cable replacement
A10 ④ (120mm2 Cu PILC 2017 74
→185mm2 Cu PILC, 1.5km)
Cable replacement
(120mm2 Cu PILC
Western A →240mm2 Cu PILC, 4.3km) 637
A31 ④ 2008 304
Partial shift of load from the
existing distribution line A41 to
A57
Aerial line replacement
A55 ③ 2010 259
(150mm2 Al → 265mm2 Al, 7.6km)
Cable replacement
B21 ④ (185mm2 Cu PILC 2012 205
→240mm2 Cu PILC, 2.9km)
Western B 453
Cable replacement
B71 ④ (120mm2 Cu PILC 2008 248
→240mm2 Cu PILC, 3.5km)
Western C C08 ⑤ Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2010 719 719
Construction of a switching station
"Bogoso
Bogoso ⑦ and division of the existing 2010 400 400
/ Asanko"
distribution lines
Aerial line replacement
Aboso 1 ③ (150mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 2012 775
38km)
Aerial line replacement
(150mm2 AAC
Aboso 2 ③ 2012 789
→ 240mm2 AAC,
Atuabo 1,976
38.7km)
Aerial line replacement
Town 2 ③ 2013 100
(70mm2 Cu→240mm2 AAC, 12km)
Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV
Manganese ① and construction of a new 2008 312
33/11-kV substation (5 MVA)
Aerial line replacement
Awaso
③ (150mm2 AAC 2017 123
/Wiawso
→200mm2 AAC, 15km)
Asawinso 725
Aerial line replacement
Bibiani ③ (150mm2 AAC 2012 602
→400mm2 AAC, 29.5km)
Aerial line replacement
（120mm2 AAC →240mm2 AAC,
Dwenase Juaboso ③ about 60km 、 Need for 2012 1,942 1,942
replacement of supporting
structures as well）
ECG Western Office Total 6,853

59
(ECG Eastern Office)

Distribution Cost (USD1,000)

Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year
(existing) Distributio Substation
(existing)
n line units unit

Kibi / Suhum ⑤ Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2010 1,270

Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC,
24 km) from the Tafo BSP,
Tafo ① construction of a new 33/11-kV 2010 1,743
Tafo substation (10 MVA) ahead of it, 3,518
and connection to the existing Tafo
distribution line along the way
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC,
Koforidua ② 17 km) from the Tafo BSP, and 2009 505
connection to the existing Tafo
Koforidua distribution line
Akwatia ⑤ Voltage increase from 11 to 33 kV 2010 616
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC,
25 km) from the Akwatia BSP,
construction of a new 33/11-kV
Asamankese ① 2009 1,425
substation (5 MVA) ahead of it,
Akwatia and connection to the existing 2,932
Asamkese distribution line along
the way
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line (240 mm2 AAC,
Oda ② 30 km) from the Akwatia BSP, and 2008 891
connection to the existing Oda
distribution line
Aerial line replacement
(35mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC,
Oda Achiase ③ 56km) 2008 374 374
(50mm2 AAC → 120mm2 AAC,
4km)
Aerial line replacement
(16mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC,
32km)
Construction of a 33/11-kV
Mountains ① substation (5 MVA) along the way, 2010 898
and partial shift of load on the
Nkawkaw existing Mountains distribution 1,087
line to the Donkorkrom
distribution line
Cable replacement
(95mm2 Al XLPE, 185mm2 Al
Town ④ 2008 189
XLPE
→240mm2 Cu XLPE, 3km)
ECG Eastern Office Total 7,911

60
(ECG Central Office)

Cost (USD1,000)
Substations Distribution
Type of countermeasure Year Distributi
(existing) lines (existing) Substati
on line
on unit
units
Installation of a new
distribution line (120 mm2
WINNEBA ② AAC, 4 km) and partial shift 2010 85
of load, or partial shift of load
to the APAM distribution line

Partial shift of load after

WINNEBA SWEDRU 1 ① construction of the Swedru 2009 GEDAP 86
substation

Partial shift of load after

SWEDRU 2 ①
construction of the Swedru 2009 GEDAP
substation
Installation of a condensor to
APAM ⑥ 2008 1
increase voltage
Installation of a condensor to
SALTPOND MANKESSIM ⑥ 2008 1 1
increase voltage
Partial shift of load after
construction of the Elmina GEDAP
SALTPOND ① substation, and installation of 2009
a condensor to increase 1
voltage
Partial shift of load after
construction of the Elmina GEDAP
FOSU ① substation, and installation of 2009
Cape Coast 2
a condensor to increase 1
voltage
Partial shift of load after
ELMINA ① construction of the Elmina 2009 GEDAP
substation
Partial shift of load after
TOWN 2 ① construction of the Elmina 2009 GEDAP
substation
ECG Central Office Total 89

61
(ECG Volta Office)

Cost (USD1,000)
Distribution
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year Distributi
(existing) Substati
(existing) on line
on unit
units

Installation of a 33-kV booster

HOHOE ⑥ 2008 100
station to increase voltage
KPANDO 1,124
Installation of a new 11-kV
"HOHOE-
② distribution line 2009 1,024
JASIKAN"
(120mm2 AAC, 48km)
Installation of a tie between the
Tsibu Bethel and Agbate
KPEVE TOWNSHIP ② distribution lines to take in the 2009 96 96
existing Township load
(120mm2 AAC, 5km)
Installation of a new 11-kV
distribution line and division of
HO TANYIGBE ② 2016 75 75
the existing Tanyigbe load
(120mm2 AAC, 4km)
Installation of a new 33-kV
distribution line and division of
"SOGA-
SOGAKOPE ② the Keta distribution line from 2009 267 267
AKATSI"
Akatsi and Sogakope
(120mm2 AAC, 12.5km)
Construction of new 33/11-kV
substations (10 MVA) at the
center of the load distribution,
TSITO PEKI ① installation of a new 33-kV 2010 343 343
distribution line (120 mm2
AAC, 2 km), and connection
for division of the load
Replacement of aerial lines
(16mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC,
3.5km)
Anloga Keta ③ (35mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC, 2009 700 700
14.4km)
(70mm2 Cu → 120mm2 AAC,
2.4km)
ECG Volta Office Total 2,604

62
(VRA-NED Area)

Cost (USD1,000)
Distribution
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year Distribu
(existing) Substati
(existing) tion line
on unit
units
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (185
mm2 ALXLPE, 18 km) from the Tamale
BSP, construction of a
28F3B ① 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5 MVA) ahead 2011 1,292
of this line (near Tolon), and connection
to the existing 28F3B distribution line
along the way
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F4B ② 2011 131
Tamale (185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km) 1,907
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F6B ② 2009 131
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Aerial line replacement
28F7B ③ 2013 66
(100mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 8km)
Aerial line replacement
28F8B ③ 2009 156
(100mm2 AAC → 240mm2 AAC, 19km)
Installation of a 11.5kV new line
28F9B ② 2012 131
(185mm2 ALXLPE, 4km)
Sunyani
Aerial line replacement
- Drobo ③ 2009 279
(120mm2 AAC →150mm2 AAC, 40km)
(BRYF1)
"Berekum
Aerial line replacement
- Dormaa ③ 2011 216
(120mm2 AAC →150mm2 AAC, 31km)
(BRYF2)"
Brekum 1,141
Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, and
Berekum F1
⑤ aerial line replacement (35mm2 Cu, 2009 555
(BRBF1)
50mm2 AAC →200mm2 AAC, 23km)
Berekum F2 Aerial line replacement
③ 2012 42
(BRBF2) (50mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 6km)
Berekum F3 Aerial line replacement (16mm2 Cu,
③ 2008 49
(BRBF3) 50mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 8km)
Sunyani F3 Installation of a 11.5kV new line
② 2009 327
(27F3B) (120mm2 AAC, 13km)
Sunyani F7 Aerial line replacement
③ 2012 43
(27F7B) (35mm2 AAC →100mm2 AAC, 7km)
Installation of new 34.5-kV line (120
Sunyani mm2 AAC, 14 km) from the Sunyani 1,421
BSP, construction of a
Sunyani F8
① 34.5/11.5-kVsubstation (5 MVA) ahead 2010 1,045
(27F8B)
of this line (near Chiraa), and connection
to the existing 27F8B distribution line
along the way

63
(VRA-NED Area)

Cost (USD1,000)
Distribution
Substations
lines Type of countermeasure Year Distributi
(existing) Substati
(existing) on line
on unit
units
Sawla-Wa
Installation of a capacitor bank (2,000
(38YF6)
⑥ kVar) in the Mim switching station to 2012 3
Wa-Hamile improve voltage
(WAFY1)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
Wa Township
starting section with 185 mm2 Al
1 ③ 2010 37
XLPE, and aerial line replacement
Sawla (479BF1) 155
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 6km)
Wa Township Aerial line replacement
2 ③ (100mm2 AAC, 120mm2 AAC 2010 84
(479BF2) → 150mm2 AAC, 12km)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
Wa Township
starting section with 185 mm2 Al
3 ③ 2010 31
XLPE, and aerial line replacement
(479BF3)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 5km)
Bimbilla Installation of a 10-MVA booster
Yendi ⑥ 2011 100 100
(35F5Y) station to improve voltage
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
starting section with 185 mm2 Al
29F1B
③ XLPE, and aerial line replacement 2011 168
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC, 120mm2 AAC
→ 150mm2 AAC, 5km)
Bolgatanga Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV, 1,486
29F4B
⑤ and aerial line replacement 2010 649
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 20km)
Voltage increase from 11 to 34.5 kV,
29F6B
⑤ and aerial line replacement 2012 669
(BOLGA)
(50mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 8km)
Replacement of the feeder cable in the
26F1B starting section with 185 mm2 Al
③ 2008 125
(TECHIMAN) XLPE, and aerial line replacement
(50mm2 AAC→ 150mm2 AAC, 17km)
Techiman 319
26F2B Aerial line replacement
③ 2009 55
(TECHIMAN) (50mm2 AAC → 120mm2 AAC, 8km)
WHF2B Aerial line replacement
③ 2008 139
(WENCHI) (25mm2 AAC → 100mm2 AAC, 20km)
VRA-NED Total 6,522

64
 Appendix 6

Outline of distribution network extension plan

Total Construction or Installation Cost (US$)

No. of
Regional Total No. of
Substation u.e. Demand Secondary Service
Name Population Facilities MV Line LV line Meter Total
Villages (kW) S/S Wire

Mallam 12 9,554 1,632 250.56 973,340 121,681 1,043,143 122,387 212,137 2,472,687
Great Accra New Tema 1 634 108 16.63 556,555 10,140 69,223 8,122 14,077 658,116
Achimota 23 30,375 5,188 796.68 991,951 219,743 3,316,461 389,104 674,447 5,591,705
Obuasi 2 2,395 409 62.81 379,566 20,280 261,495 30,680 53,179 745,200
New Obuasi 3 3,688 630 96.73 541,628 30,420 402,670 47,243 81,888 1,103,850
Ashanti Bekwai 4 6,169 1,054 161.80 392,361 29,846 673,555 79,025 136,976 1,311,763
Kumasi 6 5,321 909 139.56 283,608 55,483 580,968 68,162 118,147 1,106,369
Barekese 3 2,999 512 78.66 223,901 22,384 327,443 38,417 66,590 678,735
Daboase 3 2,635 450 69.11 744,206 22,384 287,700 33,754 58,508 1,146,551
Asawinso 3 4,440 758 116.45 255,887 30,420 484,777 56,876 98,586 926,546
Takoradi 2 1,684 288 44.17 255,887 20,280 183,866 21,572 37,392 518,997
Western Axim 3 2,351 402 61.66 373,169 30,420 256,691 30,116 52,202 742,599
Tarkwa 3 2,447 418 64.17 270,814 22,384 267,173 31,346 54,333 646,051
Prestea 2 1,985 339 52.06 511,775 20,280 216,730 25,428 44,075 818,288
Bogoso 2 1,693 289 44.40 300,668 20,280 184,848 21,687 37,591 565,075
Akwatia 7 8,908 1,521 233.63 629,056 56,141 972,610 114,111 197,793 1,969,713
Oda 6 4,120 704 108.06 838,031 60,841 449,838 52,777 91,480 1,492,967
Eastern Tafo 55 53,916 9,209 1,414.07 4,478,988 444,904 5,886,759 690,664 1,197,151 12,698,466
Koforidua 6 5,917 1,011 155.19 473,392 60,841 646,041 75,797 131,381 1,387,451
Nkawkaw 12 8,830 1,508 231.58 1,458,558 95,469 964,094 113,112 196,061 2,827,294
Asebu 1 2,727 466 71.52 38,383 11,458 297,744 34,933 60,550 443,069
Winneba 28 29,822 5,094 782.17 2,210,322 250,204 3,256,082 382,020 662,168 6,760,796
Cape Coast 6 4,755 812 124.70 839,192 47,447 519,169 60,912 105,580 1,572,300
Central
Saltpond 1 600 102 15.74 31,986 7,461 65,510 7,686 13,322 125,966
Damang 11 10,196 1,741 267.40 1,507,210 111,541 1,113,239 130,611 226,392 3,088,993
Dunkwa 6 7,223 1,234 189.45 605,987 62,158 788,635 92,527 160,379 1,709,687
Keta 2 3,508 599 92.00 119,414 21,598 383,017 44,937 77,892 646,858
Afao 6 5,471 934 143.49 607,732 60,841 597,345 70,084 121,478 1,457,480
Asiekpe 3 7,046 1,203 184.79 562,952 24,968 769,310 90,259 156,449 1,603,939
Volta
Kpeve 1 825 141 21.64 394,493 7,461 90,077 10,568 18,318 520,918
Tsito 1 1,705 291 44.72 21,324 10,140 186,159 21,841 37,858 277,321
Hohoe 2 1,806 308 47.36 481,921 20,280 197,186 23,135 40,100 762,623
Sawala 14 12,985 1,539 211.14 2,996,014 141,961 983,628 115,404 200,034 4,437,042
Northern Yendi 6 6,937 822 112.80 518,172 60,841 525,486 61,653 106,864 1,273,015
Tamale 9 8,161 967 132.70 1,174,949 95,469 618,205 72,531 125,720 2,086,874
Wenchi 4 6,020 1,028 157.88 245,225 31,738 657,287 77,116 133,668 1,145,035
Brong Ahafo Brekum 2 3,257 556 85.42 281,476 20,280 355,612 41,722 72,318 771,409
Techiman 6 6,297 1,076 165.14 910,532 60,841 687,531 80,665 139,819 1,879,387
Bawku 53 47,809 5,665 777.40 3,226,698 537,425 3,621,586 424,902 736,498 8,547,108
Upper East Bolgatanga 97 89,637 10,622 1,457.49 4,183,754 860,370 6,790,104 796,649 1,380,858 14,011,735
Navrongo 38 37,998 4,503 617.86 1,676,447 375,183 2,878,391 337,707 585,359 5,853,088
Upper West Wa 17 17,574 2,083 285.74 2,476,872 167,024 1,331,250 156,189 270,727 4,402,063
Sub-total (ECG area) 226 235,745 40,265 6,182.96 22,354,257 2,030,182 25,739,559 3,019,893 5,234,482 58,378,373
Sub-total (VRA-NED area) 246 236,675 28,861 4,003.57 17,690,140 2,351,133 18,449,080 2,164,538 3,751,866 44,406,756

Total 472 472,420 69,126 10,186.53 40,044,397 4,381,314 44,188,638 5,184,432 8,986,348 102,785,129

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 Appendix 7

Drawing of distribution network extension plan

Great Accra Region

66
Ashanti Region

67
Eastern Region

68
Western Region

69
Central Region

70
Volta Region

71
Northern Region

72
Brong Ahafo Region

73
Upper East Region

74
Upper West Region

75