This document discusses different classes and examples of tannins. There are two main classes of tannins - hydrolyzable tannins and non-hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins consist of gallic acid esterified with glucose and are readily hydrolyzed. Non-hydrolyzable tannins are condensed polymers of flavan-3-ols and flavan-3,4-diols. Examples discussed include witch hazel leaves, nutgalls, tannic acid, and gallic acid. Nutgalls are excrescences on oak trees caused by insect larvae and are a major source of tannic acid, which is used in t
This document discusses different classes and examples of tannins. There are two main classes of tannins - hydrolyzable tannins and non-hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins consist of gallic acid esterified with glucose and are readily hydrolyzed. Non-hydrolyzable tannins are condensed polymers of flavan-3-ols and flavan-3,4-diols. Examples discussed include witch hazel leaves, nutgalls, tannic acid, and gallic acid. Nutgalls are excrescences on oak trees caused by insect larvae and are a major source of tannic acid, which is used in t
This document discusses different classes and examples of tannins. There are two main classes of tannins - hydrolyzable tannins and non-hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins consist of gallic acid esterified with glucose and are readily hydrolyzed. Non-hydrolyzable tannins are condensed polymers of flavan-3-ols and flavan-3,4-diols. Examples discussed include witch hazel leaves, nutgalls, tannic acid, and gallic acid. Nutgalls are excrescences on oak trees caused by insect larvae and are a major source of tannic acid, which is used in t
This document discusses different classes and examples of tannins. There are two main classes of tannins - hydrolyzable tannins and non-hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins consist of gallic acid esterified with glucose and are readily hydrolyzed. Non-hydrolyzable tannins are condensed polymers of flavan-3-ols and flavan-3,4-diols. Examples discussed include witch hazel leaves, nutgalls, tannic acid, and gallic acid. Nutgalls are excrescences on oak trees caused by insect larvae and are a major source of tannic acid, which is used in t
PLANT CHEMISTRY LECTURE 2 TANNINS hymenopterous insect called Cynips tinctoria) ✓ Constituents: 50-70% tannic acid, 2-4% • Are non-crystallizable polyphenols gallic acid, ellagic acid, starch, resin. • Usually occur as a mixture of polyphenols ✓ Uses: chief source of tannic acid therefore • With water, forms colloidal solution used in the tanning and dyeing industry, possessing an used in the manufacturing of ink, has • acid reaction, and a sharp “puckering” astringent properties. taste. ✓ Allied products: Japanese and Chinese galls. • They cause precipitation of solutions of gelatin as well as of alkaloids. 3. Tannic Acid (Gallotannic acid, Tannin) • Obtained from nutgall TANNINS PSEUDOTANNINS • Powdered galls are extracted with a Gelatin mixture of ether, alcohol, and water. Goldbeater • Extracting solvent for the production of Tannic Acid is Water CLASSES OF TANNINS ✓ Composition: mixture of esters of gallic acid with glucose and the composition varies A. Hydrolyzable Tannins according to source • Consists of Gallic Acid (or related ✓ Uses: astringent, treatment of burns, can polyhydric compounds that is esterified be used topically for the treatment of with glucose) bedsores and minor ulcerations, antidote • Readily hydrolyzed to yield sugar and for alkaloidal poisoning. phenolic acid B. Non-hydrolyzable Tannins (Phloba 4. Gallic Acid Tannins or Condensed Tannins) • 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid that • From the condensation of flavan 3-ol (ex: crystallizes with one molecule of water. catechin) and flavan-3,4-diol (ex: • Occurs in nutgall: prepared from tannic leucocyanidin) acid by hydrolysis with dilute acids. • Polymerize to form Phlobaphenes ✓ Uses: gallic acid and its derivatives are • Contain only phenolic nuclei which are used in making dyes, inks, and frequently linked to carbohydrates or photographic developers. proteins
EXAMPLES OF TANNINS
1. Hamamelis Leaf (Witch Hazel Leaves)
• Hamamelis Water or Distilled Witch Hazel Extract – prepared by steam distillation of recently cut and partially dried twigs of Hamamelis virginiana • Dried leaves of Hamamelis virginiana, Hamameliacaea ✓ Constituents: Hamamelis Tannin ✓ Uses: astringent, treatment for insect bites, incorporated in hemorrhoidal preparation.
2. Nutgall • Excrescence (abnormal outgrowth) obtained from young trigs of Quercus infectoria, Fagacaea (caused by the puncture and deposited ova of a LYRRA SUMMER P. DEONOSO BSPH 2A 1
