Optimization in Electrical Engineering
Optimization in Electrical Engineering
Optimization in Electrical
Engineering
123
Mohammad Fathi Hassan Bevrani
University of Kurdistan University of Kurdistan
Kurdistan, Iran Kurdistan, Iran
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
There are a number of books available in the market describing electrical engineering optimization
concepts. Most are primarily concerned with the mathematical theorems, which might not be
interesting for students studying engineering.
The main purpose of this textbook is to provide engineering students with a comprehensive
coverage of required fundamentals. Numerous applications and examples are provided to demonstrate
how the discussed fundamentals can be utilized in the domain of engineering, with a particular focus
on electrical engineering.
It is expected that students, academic researchers, engineers, and institutes in engineering will
find this book useful, particularly those in the area of electrical engineering. This book can be
used as the main text in courses such as Engineering Optimization, Convex Optimization, Advanced
Engineering Mathematics, and Robust Optimization. The book can also be utilized as a supplementary
text for university students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels for courses such as Smart
Grids, Communication Networks, Wireless Communication, Automation, and Systems Theory. The
main prerequisite of optimization is linear algebra; to satisfy this requirement, the book includes an
extensive chapter on this topic.
The authors have over a decade of experience in both academia and industry, specifically with
communication networks/systems, automation, robust/intelligent control, and smart/microgrids. The
application of such experience to this text creates a rich and detailed resource for students, researchers,
and engineers studying/working on electrical engineering.
Most of contributions, outcomes, and insights presented in this book were achieved through long-
term teaching and research conducted by the authors and their research groups on optimization
problems over the years. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the received supports and awards from the
Smart/Micro Grids Research Center (SMGRC) and the University of Kurdistan (UOK) as well as
other sources. In particular, the comments from our colleague Dr. S. Fathi Manesh at the UOK are
appreciated.
The authors would like to thank their postgraduate students, S. Shokoohi, S. Hasani, Y. Khayat,
A. Abdollahi, S. Rehimi, and M. Abdolmaleki, as well as the students in the courses of Advanced
Engineering Mathematics, Smart Grids, and Robust Optimal Control in the Department of Electrical
Engineering at the UOK for their active and continuous support.
Last but not least, the authors offer their deepest personal gratitude to their families for all their
patience and help during the preparation of this book.
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Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Optimization Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Optimization in Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Optimization in Electrical Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3.1 Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3.2 Circuit Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.3 Resource Allocation in Communication Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.4 Power Dispatching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.5 Optimal Load-Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.6 Optimal Operational Planning in Microgrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.7 Microgrid Voltage–Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.8 Wide-Area Power System Oscillation Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Purpose and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Linear Algebra Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Vector Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.1 Range and Null Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.2 Rank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.3 Determinant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.4 Minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3 Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 Inverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 Inner Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.6 Norm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.7 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.8 Matrix Diagonalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.9 Singular Value Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.9.1 Singular Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.9.2 Singular Value Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.10 Quadratic Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.11 Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.12 Hessian Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.13 Supremum and Infimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.14 Level Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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viii Contents
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171