PC

iJNwu ®
Calculators/Sakrekenaars: I No/Nee I
D
Requirements for this paper/Benodigdhede vir hierdie vraestel : Other resources/Ander hulpmiddels:
Answer scripts/ l;l Multi-choice cards (AS)/
Antwoordskrifte: LJ Multikeusekaarte (AS) :

Attendance slips (Fill-in paper)/

Presensiestrokies (lnvulvraestel):
D Multi-choice cards (A4)/
Multikeusekaarte (A4) :
D
Scrap paper/
Rofwerkpapier:
D Graph paper/
Grafiekpapier: D
Type of Assessment/ Exam 1st opportunity Qualification/ BA/BCom
Tipe Assessering: Eksamen 1e geleentheid Kwalifikasie:
PaperNraestel 1
Module code/ LARM 311 Duration/ 3 hour
Modulekode: Tydsduur: 3 uur
Module description/ The Management of Labour relations I Teori en Max/ 100
Module beskrywing: praktyk van arbeidsverhoudinge Maks:
Examiner(s)/ Me Jeanine Pirus-Putter Date/ 07/06/2018
Eksaminator(e): Dr Elsabe Keyser Datum:
lnternal/lnterne Prof Herman Linde Time/ 09:00
Moderator(s): Tyd:
External Moderator(s)/ DR AJ de Bruyn
Eksterne Moderator(s):

Submission of answer scripts/lnhandiging van antwoordskrifte : Ordinary/Gewoon

INSTRUCTIONS I INSTRUKSIES

Please answer any four (4) of the six (6) questions I Beantwoord enige vier (4) van die ses (6) vrae.

QUESTION 1 I VRAAG 1

1.1 Various terms, such as "industria l relations" , "labour relations" and "employment relations", are
frequently used , often interchangeably, to describe this field of study. Are they synonymous, and what
are the distinctions, if any? I Verskeie terme, soos "nywerheidsverhoudinge", "arbeidsverhoudinge" en
"indiensnemingsverhoudinge" word gereeld en skynbaar as sinonieme gebruik om hierdie studieveld te
beskryf. Is hierdie woorde werklik sinonieme en wat is die verskille tussen die term e, indien daar enige
verskille is? (5)

1.2 Describe and give a critical overview of the various macro-environmental factors that may impact the
tripartite labour relationship (that characterises the South African situation). What scope is there for
individual agents to act within and to alter the status quo? Motivate your answer in full. I Beskryf en gee
'n kritiese oorsig van die verskeie makro-omgewingsfaktore wat die driesydige arbeidsverhouding (wat
die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie kenmerk) kan bei"nvloed. Watter ruim te is daar vir individuele agente om
binne die status quo op te tree en dit te verander? Motiveer jou antwoord vol/edig. (20)

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QUESTION 2 I VRAAG 2

2.1 Read the following and then answers the questions I Lees die volgende en beantwoord dan die
vrae:

***Afrikaans follows English I Afrikaans volg na Engels***

LARM 311 1/5

 Social protest- an African perennial
The bulk of protest activity in Africa (as elsewhere in the world) has focused on social and economic grievances,
much of it carried out by particular sectors of the population or for very specific demands. Like youths in general,
students often strike or demonstrate, sometimes over major political issues affecting society as a whole, but frequently
over immediate complaints particular to their institutions, as they have recently in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Gambia,
Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Labour actions have been most common across the continent. During the first half of 2013, teachers struck in Cote
dfvoire, Gabon, Kenya Liberia, Namibia, and Senegal; doctors, nurses, and other health workers in Burkina Faso, the
DRC, Kenya, and Mozambique, transport workers in Cameroon, the DRC, Nigeria, Morocco, and South Africa; miners
in Liberia, Niger, and Zimbabwe; and oil workers in Gabon. Nigeria, and Mauritania. Municipal workers walked off
their jobs in Senegal and farm workers struck in Kenya and South Africa. In August, some 30,000 workers went on
strike against major auto manufacturers across South Africa. Such labour actions, have often been ca/fed by trade
unions, pointing to the importance of organisation for successful mobilisation. Their frequency also belies notions
among some scholars of "new social movements" that working-class action has been largely superseded.
Source: f-larsch, E. (Oct 2013). Social protest- an African perennial http://forum s.ssrc.org/african-futures/

Sosiale optrede - 'n blywende verskynsel in Afrika

Die meeste protesoptredes in Afrika (sowel as in die res van die wereld) vind plaas as gevolg van sosiale of
ekonomiese griewe en word meestal uitgevoer deur spesifieke groepe van die samelewing of soda! daar aan baie
spesifieke eise voldoen word. Nes die jeug oor die algemeen , neem studente deel aan protesoptredes of betogings
teen politiese kwessies wat die samelewing as 'n geheel benadeel, maar hulle betoog meer gereeld oor besware wat
aktueel en spesifiek is tot hulle instansies - soos wat onlangs die geval was in Burkina Faso, Gaboen, Gambie,
Liberie, Nigerie, Senegal, Soedan, Tanzanie en Zambie.
Arbeidsoptredes is baie algemeen oor die hele kontinent heen . Gedurende die eerste helfte van 2013, het
onderwysers in Cote d'Ivoire, Gaboen, Kenia, Liberie, Namibie en Senega gestaak; dokters, verpleegsters en ander
gesondheidsorgwerkers in Burkina Faso, die ORK, Kenia en Mosambiek; werkers in die vervoerbedryf in Kameroen ,
die ORK, Nigerie, Marokko en Suid-Afrika; mynwerkers in Liberie, Niger en Zimbabwe; en werkers in die oliebedryf
in Gaboen, Nigerie en Mauritanie. Munisipale werkers het hulle poste verlaat in Senekal en plaaswerkers het in Kenia
en Suid-Afrika gestaak. In Augustus het sowat 30,000 werkers in die motorvervaardigingsbedryf gestaak oor die hele
Suid-Afrika heen. Sulke arbeidsoptredes word baie keer deur vakbonde byeen geroep en dit dui op die belangrikheid
van organisasie vir suksesvolle mobilisasie. Die hoe voorkoms van hierdie arbeidsverwante protesoptredes weerle
sekere geleerdes uit die "nuwe sosiale bewegings" se argumente dat optrede deur die werkersklas aan die verbygaan
is.
Bron: Harsch, E. (Okt. 2013}. Social protest- an African perennial http://forums.ssrc.org/african -futures/

Questions I Vrae:

2.1.1 Are trade unions social movements? I Is vakbonde sosiale bewegings? (5)

2.1.2 Why do people join trade unions? I Hoekom s/uit mense by vakbonde aan? (6)

2.1.3 Unions use a number of methods to bring about socio-political and economic change for their
members. Explain these methods. I Vakbonde maak van verskeie metodes gebruik om sosio-
politiese en ekonomiese veranderinge teweeg te bring vir hulle lede. Verduidelik hierdie metodes.
(5)

2.2 Read the following and then answers the question I Lees die vo/gende en beantwoord dan die
vraag:

'It's just wrong , South Africa doesn't belong in BRICS' (O'Neill 2012). I

'Dis net verkeerd, Suid-Afrika hoort nie in BR/CS nie' (O'Nei/f 2012).

Question I Vraag:

2.2 .1 Critically assess this statement by means of the comparative labour analysis presented in Venter,
Levy, Bendeman and Dworzanowski-Venter (2017) . I Evalueer hierdie stelling krities aan die hand

LARM 311 215

 van die vergelykende arbeidsverhoudinge analise soos gestel in Venter, Levy, Bendeman &
Dworzanowski-Venter (2017). (14)

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QUESTION 3 I VRAAG 3

3.1 Read the following and then answer the questions I Lees die volgende en beantwoord dan die
vrae :

***Afrikaans follows English I Afrikaans volg na Engels***

"One of the darkest movements in recent history in South Africa was the Marikana massacre. On 16th August 201 2,
police opened fire on striking miners who were demanding triple their pay by way of increase. Police claimed that the
miners were armed. Moreover, two policemen had been killed in the week prior to the massacre, with police witnesses
alleging that they saw colleagues being attacked, furthering claims that the police merely retaliated" (Venter, Levy,
Bendeman &Dworzanowski-Venter, 2017, p. 69).

"Een van die donkerste oomblikke in die onlangse geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika is die Marikana-slagting. Op 16 Augustus
2012 het die polisie op stakende mynwerkers, wat 'n verhoging van drie keer hulle salaris ge-eis het, begin skiet. Die
polisie het aangevoer dat die mynwerkers gewapen was. Boonop is twee polisielede 'n week voor die slagting vermoor
met polisiegetuies wat beweer het dat hulle gesien het hoe hulle kollegas aangeval word; dit het bewerings dat die
polisie slegs weerwraak geneem het voortgehelp" (Venter, Levy, Bendeman & Dworzanowski-Venter, 2017, p. 69).

Questions I Vrae:

3.1.1 Reflect on this incident with reference to the six attributes of moral judgement as explained by
Venter, Levy, Bendeman & Dworzanows ki-Venter (2017). I Besin oar hierdie voorval met
verwysing na die ses kenmerke van morele oordee/, soos verduidelik deur Venter, Levy,
Bendeman & Dworzanowski-Venter (2017) . (6)

3.1 .2 Do you think that the police action was legitimate? I Oink jy dat die polisie se optrede geregverdig
was? (4)

3.1.3 Consider the Marikana tragedy from each of the following points of view: a labour economist,
industrial sociologist, lawyer, industrial psychologist and from a management perspective. I
Beskou die Marikana tragedie vanuit elk van die volgende oogpunte : die oogpunt van 'n
arbeidsekonoom, 'n bedryfsosioloog, 'n regsgeleerde, 'n bedryfsielkundige en vanuit die
perspektief van bestuur. (15)

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QUESTION 4 / VRAAG 4

4.1 Explain the basic principles of the economics of labour relations . In so doing, show that you understand
the concepts of supply and demand referring to the characteristics of the slope and position of the supply
and demand schedules . Explain where the equilibrium in the labour market lies and how this equilibrium
is achieved . I Verduidelik die basiese beginsels van die ekonomie van arbeidsverhoudinge. Sodoende
moet jy demonstreer dat jy die konsepte van vraag en aanbod verstaan deur te verwys na die
eienskappe van die helling en die posisie van die vraag en aanbod skedules. Verduidelik waar die
ekwilibrium in die arbeidsmark le en oak hoe hierdie ekwilibrium bereik word. (9)

4.2 Explain how the backward-bending supply curve is derived. I Verduidelik hoe die terugwaarts hellende
aanbodkromme afgelei word . (4)

4.3 Answer the questions , which refer to the table below I Beantwoord die vrae wat na die onderstaande
tabel verwys:
4.3.1 Provide a definition for the Marginal Product of Labour. I Gee 'n definisie van die Marginale
Produk van Arbeid. (2)

LARM 311 3/5

4.3 .2 Fully explain the law of diminishing returns and its implications for employment decisions in the
organisation by using the table below. I Deur gebruik te maak van die onderstaande tabe/, gee 'n
vol/edige verduide/iking van die wet van afnemende opbrengs en die implikasies daarvan op
indiensnemingsbes/uite in die organisasie. (10)

LABOUR INPUT I OUTPUT/ MARGINAL MARGINAL WAGE RATE/ EXTRA PROFITS I

PRODUCT OF VALUE PRODUCT
ARBEIDS- UITSETTE LABOUR/ MPLxR500 I LOONKOERS EKSTRA WINSTE
IN SETTE
MARGINALE MARGINALE
PRODUK VAN WAARDE VAN
ARBEID PRODUK
MPAxR500

0 0 - - - -
1 14 14 7 000 2 000 5 000
2 34 20 10 000 2 000 8 000
3 59 25 12 500 2 000 10 500
4 81 22 11 000 2 000 9 000
5 99 18 9 000 2 000 7 000
6 109 10 5 000 2 000 3 000
7 117 8 4 000 2 000 2 000
8 117 0 0 2 000 -2 000
9 114 -3 -1 500 2 000 -3 500
10 112 -5 -2 500 2 000 -4 500

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QUESTION 5 I VRAAG 5

5.1 Explain the five (5) major forms of wage differentials that may occur. I Verduidelik die vyf (5) hoof vorme
van /oonverskille wat kan voorkom. (5)

5.2 Explain the five (5) different forms of unemployment. I Verduidelik die vyf (5) verskillende vorme van
werkloosheid. (6)

5.3 Business ethics and industrial relations mechanisms and procedures have a common goal. Discuss this
statement by referring to the specific instruments or mechanisms each discipline uses to reach this goal
in an organisation. Explain the role of these instruments in making ethical decisions . I Die meganismes
en prosedures van nywerheidsverhoudinge en besigheidsetiek het 'n gemeenskaplike doe/. Bespreek
hierdie stelling deur te verwys na die spesifieke instrumente of meganismes wat e/ke dissipline gebruik
om hierdie doe! in 'n organisasie te bereik. Verduidelik die rot van hierdie instrumente in die neem van
etiese bes/uite. ( 14)

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QUESTION 6 I VRAAG 6

6.1 Explain what Webster and Van Holdt (2005) mean by the term "triple transition ". Which of the factors is
most critical in shaping the future of South African labour relations? Motivate your answer in full. I
Verduidelik wat Webster en Van Holdt (2005) bedoel met die term "drievoudige oorgang". Watter van
die faktore is die belangrikste vir die bepaling van die toekoms van arbeidsverhoudinge in Suid-Afrika?
Motiveer jou antwoord vol/edig.

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TOTAAL/TOTAL: 100
Verwysingsnommer: 8 .1.7 .2 .2

TOTAL/TOTAAL: 100
File reference : 8.1.7.2.2

LARM 311 515