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LAB 11: UMT Elastic Bending Test: Objective

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the elastic modulus of different beam specimens using a universal testing machine (UMT) for bending tests. 2) Testing was conducted on steel beam specimens of 300mm, 200mm, and 100mm lengths. The maximum force, deflection, and calculated elastic modulus decreased with decreasing beam length. 3) The calculated elastic moduli deviated from the standard steel modulus by 23.5%, 36.53%, and 74.61% for the 300mm, 200mm, and 100mm beams respectively, showing that elastic modulus decreases with the cube of length.

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87 views8 pages

LAB 11: UMT Elastic Bending Test: Objective

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the elastic modulus of different beam specimens using a universal testing machine (UMT) for bending tests. 2) Testing was conducted on steel beam specimens of 300mm, 200mm, and 100mm lengths. The maximum force, deflection, and calculated elastic modulus decreased with decreasing beam length. 3) The calculated elastic moduli deviated from the standard steel modulus by 23.5%, 36.53%, and 74.61% for the 300mm, 200mm, and 100mm beams respectively, showing that elastic modulus decreases with the cube of length.

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Drizzling AD
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)

Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)


Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

LAB 11: UMT Elastic Bending test

Objective:
To determine the respective elastic modulus on several beam specimens of various materials.

Observation:
In this experiment we used UMT (universal testing machine) for bending test. Which are
conducted by placing a length of material across a span and pushing down along the span to
bend the material until failure. Bending tests reveal the elastic modulus of bending, flexural
stress, and flexural strain of a material. In composite materials, failure can occur due to
delimitation between the fibers and the matrix, prior to complete specimen failure. Bend tests
provide a simple way to evaluate the quality of materials by their ability to resist cracking or
other surface irregularities during one continuous bend. The main purpose of the Bend
testing is to determine the ductility, bend strength, fracture strength and resistance to fracture
of the specimen i.e. the characteristics used to determine whether a material will fail under
pressure and are especially important in any construction process involving ductile materials.

Table:
Material 300 mm 200 mm 100 mm
Fmax in KN 3 4.5 9
Deflection (mm) 1.8243 0.977 0.6106

E-modulus Ecalc in (N/mm2) 160.62× 103 133.27 ×103 53.31× 103


Standard E modulus E in (N/mm2) 210 ×103 210 ×103 210 ×103

Calculations
F max . L3
Ecalc =
4. f . B . H 3
B=breadth of beam(mm)
H=height of beam ¿)
F max=maximum force ( N ).
L=length of beam ¿)
f =measured deflection (mm)
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

300mm Steel:

(3 ×10 3)(3 00)3


Ecalc =
( 4)(1.824)( 40)(12)3

N
Ecalc =160.62 ×103 or Ecalc =160.62 GPa
mm 2
Calculated value−Standard value
%Deviation= × 100 %
Standard Value
160.62−210
%Deviation= ×100 %
210
%Deviation=23.5 %

200mm Steel:

Ecalc =(4.5 ×103 )¿(2 00)3 ¿


3
( 4)(0.977)(40)(12)
N
Ecalc =133.2 7 ×103 or Ecalc =133.2 7 GPa
mm 2
Calculated value−Standard value
%Deviation= × 100 %
Standard Value
133.27−210
%Deviation= × 100 %
210
%Deviation=36.53 %

100mm Steel:

Ecalc =(9 ×103 )¿ (100)3 ¿


3
(4 )(0.61 06)( 40)(12)
N
Ecalc =53.31 ×103 or Ecalc =53.31 GPa
mm2
Calculated value−Standard value
%Deviation= × 100 %
Standard Value
53.31−210
%Deviation= ×100 %
210
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

%Deviation=74.61%

Discussion

T α β θ τ G Shear Strain
66.3375 0 0.008197 0.008197
232.0216 1217868 0.000190515
124.25 0 0.014285 0.014285
434.576 1308867 0.000332025
89.375 0 0.017998 0.017998
312.5974 747243.2 0.000418334
84.175 0.013513 0.02702
0.013508 294.4099 937716
0.000313965
169.275 0.009009 0.03602
0.027012 592.0551 943002.1
0.000627841
C1 C2 J
0.725 0.63338 0.18109
Conclusion
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

As a result, from this


experiment, we were able to
analyze the
deformation of the circular shaft
when subjected to torque. We also
learned
the test method to obtain the
shear modulus of elasticity for
materials.
From the data shown, the shear
modulus of elasticity G is affected
mainly
by the load applied and its position,
and the angle theta from before and
after the load is applied. As the
value of theta increases, the shear
modulus
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

of elasticity decreases. Furthermore,


an increase in either the load or the
distance from the load to the center,
will result in an increase in the shear
modulus of elasticity.
T α β θ τ G Shear Strain
66.3375 0 0.008197 0.008197
232.0216 1217868 0.000190515
124.25 0 0.014285 0.014285
434.576 1308867 0.000332025
89.375 0 0.017998 0.017998
312.5974 747243.2 0.000418334
84.175 0.013513 0.02702
0.013508 294.4099 937716
0.000313965
169.275 0.009009 0.03602
0.027012 592.0551 943002.1
0.000627841
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

C1 C2 J
0.725 0.63338 0.18109
Conclusion
As a result, from this
experiment, we were able to
analyze the
deformation of the circular shaft
when subjected to torque. We also
learned
the test method to obtain the
shear modulus of elasticity for
materials.
From the data shown, the shear
modulus of elasticity G is affected
mainly
by the load applied and its position,
and the angle theta from before and
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

after the load is applied. As the


value of theta increases, the shear
modulus
of elasticity decreases. Furthermore,
an increase in either the load or the
distance from the load to the center,
will result in an increase in the shear
modulus of elasticity.
T α β θ τ G Shear Strain
66.3375 0 0.008197 0.008197 232.0216 1217868 0.000190515
124.25 0 0.014285 0.014285 434.576 1308867 0.000332025
89.375 0 0.017998 0.017998 312.5974 747243.2 0.000418334
84.175 0.013513 0.02702 0.013508 294.4099 937716 0.000313965
169.275 0.009009 0.03602 0.027012 592.0551 943002.1 0.000627841
C1 C2 J
0.725 0.63338 0.18109
Conclusion
As a result, from this experiment, we were able to analyze the
deformation of the circular shaft when subjected to torque. We also learned
the test method to obtain the shear modulus of elasticity for materials.
From the data shown, the shear modulus of elasticity G is affected mainly
by the load applied and its position, and the angle theta from before and
after the load is applied. As the value of theta increases, the shear modulus
of elasticity decreases. Furthermore, an increase in either the load or the
distance from the load to the center, will result in an increase in the shear
modulus of elasticity.
Calculations clearly shows that when we are decreasing the length in between the supports or length
of the beam so it also effects the young modulus of the material. Young Modulus is how easily beam
is bended or stretched. When we decrease the length deflection factor also gets effect and it also
decreasing with decrease in the length. Force maximum represent its maximum force which beam can
bear after this it will be permanent deflect. Deviation which we calculated above is clearly shows that
how much young modulus factor decreases when we compare with the actual standard young
modulus of the material. Young modulus decreases with factor of cube of length.

Errors may due because beam is using from over the years for practical so it may cause the
error in finding the stiffness of the beam.
Muhammad Asad Mumtaz (1845113)
Balaaj Khan Khuwaja (1845104)
Adeel azfar khan (1445133)
Section: A

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