BUILDING ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION
LEVEL II

Learning Guide-27

Unit of Competence: Install Electrical

Apparatus

Module Title: Installing Electrical Apparatus

LG Code: EIS BEI2 M08 LO1-LG-27

TTLM Code: EIS BEI2 M08 TTLM 0919v1

LO 1: Plan and Prepare

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 Instruction Sheet Plan and Prepare

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:

 Planning & preparing installation to ensure OH&S policies and procedures

 sequencing work appropriately

 consulting appropriate personnel to ensure the work

 checking Apparatus

 Obtaining apparatus with established procedures

 Determining location of apparatus from job requirements

 Obtaining necessary materials to complete the work

 Obtaining Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry out the installation work

 Checking safety preparatory work to ensure no unnecessary damage

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Plan & prepare installation to ensure OH&S policies and procedures

 sequence work appropriately

 consulate appropriate personnel to ensure the work

 check Apparatus

 obtain apparatus with established procedures

 Determine location of apparatus from job requirements

 obtain necessary materials to complete the work

 Obtain Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry out the installation work

 Check safety preparatory work to ensure no unnecessary damage

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 Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
3. Read the information written in the information ―Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet
4‖.
4. Accomplish the ―Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4‖ in page
-6, 9, 12 and 14 respectively.
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the ―Self-check‖ proceed to ―Operation
Sheet 1, Operation Sheet 2 and Operation Sheet 3 ‖ in page -15.
6. Do the ―LAP test‖ in page – 16 (if you are ready).

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 Information Sheet-1 Planning & preparing installation to ensure OH&S
policies and procedures

1.1 Introduction Planning and preparing for the installation

Before you install the installation server products, you must prepare your system
and plan for choices and make during the installation process.
1.1.1. Installation Planning

Installation Planning is the planning involved in case the system requires replacement
or upgrade. It is always necessary to assess the status of the current system of
equipment whether there is need for upgrade or replacement of the system

1.1.2 Steps Involved in Installation Planning

 Assessment - The performance of the current system in terms of reliability or
productivity.
 Readiness- Review existing installation to identify the roadblocks,
 Benchmark- Record data on current system in order to measure the
improvement in the new system to be installed,
 Design or Plan- Identify and map all work necessary to make migration and
upgrades.
 Shutdown- Check and shutdown all the allied system,
 Replacement- Replace or put a new installation at the designated location.
 Testing- Do all the routine test specified in the installation guide. Also perform
stress test related to the system.
 Monitoring- Monitoring the system for a specified period to evaluate performance
and check issues which might arise due to installation errors
1.2 Concepts of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
The term of Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and welfare
issues in the workplace.

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 OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the
workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and
other stakeholders.

Improving a company's occupational health and safety standards ensures good

business, a better brand image, and higher employee morale.
Occupational health and safety is concerned with addressing many types of workplace
hazards, such as:

 Chemicals
 Physical hazards
 Biological agents
 Psychological fallout
 Ergonomic issues
 Accidents

Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the removal,
reduction, or replacement of job site hazards. OHS programs should also include
material that helps minimize the effects of the hazards.
Employers and company management are obliged to provide a safe working
environment for all of their employees.
1.2.1 Concepts of Health and Safety Policy
A health and safety policy describes a course of action that has been chosen to
influence workplace decision-making and guide actions related to workplace health and
safety
Health and safety policies commonly exist as a body of regulations that are defined at
the level of government and are implemented by individual workplaces. In some
jurisdictions, public intermediary corporations may also be used to develop policies
1.3 Occupational health and safety procedure
 occupational health and safety procedures
 A planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by
recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.

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  A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else
 It means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and how
serious the harm could be
 For example, you can pick up things from the floor and put them away to
eliminate a trip hazard.
 A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health
and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment.
 One of the most common physical hazards
 When working on electronic equipment always be alert.
 Always read the warnings and instructions on the label.

 Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from

3.volts to 25 volts, most of which are harmless.
 Protect people from injury • Protect equipment from damage • Protect the
environment from contamination
 Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them and which to use for
electrical fires and for combustible fires.
 Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of control. • Know how to contact
emergency services quickly • Keep the workspace clean. • Keep most solvents
in a separate area.
 Thanks you for listening

1.4 The purpose of OHS policies and procedures

The purpose of the Health and Safety policies and procedures is to guide and
direct all employees to work safely and prevent injury, to themselves and others.
All employees are encouraged to participate in developing, implementing, and
enforcing Health and Safety policies and procedure.

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 1.5 The Importance of planning and Preparing Installation OH&S policies and
procedures

 Consulting Appropriate/Technical Personnel to Ensure That Work is Coordinated

with Others Who are Involved in the Activity.
 Determining the Location of the Devices/Systems to be used
 Obtaining Materials Necessary to Complete the Work in Accordance with
Established Procedures
 Checking of Materials Received Against Job Requirements
 Complying with the Requirements in Installing Devices/Systems, and Peripherals
 Installing wiring system and Peripherals in Accordance with Job Requirements
 Performing Variations in Installing Devices and Systems in Accordance with
Customer/Client‘s Requirements Obtaining Approval from Appropriate Personnel
before Implementing Contingency Procedures
 Responding to Unplanned Events or Conditions in Accordance to Established
Procedures
 Checking the Quality of the Work Undertaken in Accordance with the Established
Procedures
 OHS Policies and Procedures in Conducting Tests.
 Checking Circuits and Systems Being Isolated Using Specified Testing
Procedures.
 Testing Devices, Systems and/or Installation to Determine its Conformity with the
Requirements
 Conducting Final Inspections on the Installed Devices, Systems to Ensure
Conformity with the Requirement.
 Accomplishing Technical Reports on the Tests Conducted.
 Procedures in Forwarding Documentation to Appropriate Personnel and/or
Authority on the Test Conducted
 Obtaining Approval from Appropriate Personnel before Implementing
Contingency Procedures.


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 1.6 Planning and preparing for the installation

Fig 1.1 Planning and preparing for the installation

 OHS Policies and Procedures in Planning for Installation Activity in
Accordance with Requirements Procedures, Correct Operation and Safety
on equipment / Devices/Systems
 Consulting Appropriate/Technical Personnel to Ensure That Work is
Coordinated with Others Who are Involved in the Activity.
 Determining the Location of the Devices/Systems to be used
 Obtaining Materials Necessary to Complete the Work in Accordance with
Established Procedure
 Checking of Materials Received Against Job Requirements
 OHS Procedures in Installing Devices, Systems, and Peripherals
 Complying with the Requirements in Installing Devices/Systems, and
Peripherals
 Installing wiring system and Peripherals in Accordance with Job
Requirements
 Performing Variations in Installing Devices and Systems in Accordance with
Customer/Client‘s Requirements OHS Procedures in Installing Devices,
Systems, and Peripherals
 Complying with the Requirements in Installing Devices/Systems, and
Peripherals
 Installing wiring system and Peripherals in Accordance with Job
Requirements
 Performing Variations in Installing Devices and Systems in Accordance with
Customer/Client‘s Requirements

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  .Obtaining Approval from Appropriate Personnel before Implementing
Contingency Procedures
 Responding to Unplanned Events or Conditions in Accordance to
Established Procedures
 Checking the Quality of the Work Undertaken in Accordance with the
Established Procedures
 OHS Policies and Procedures in Conducting Tests.
 Checking Circuits and Systems Being Isolated Using Specified Testing
Procedures.
 Testing Devices, Systems and/or Installation to Determine its Conformity with
the Requirements
 Conducting Final Inspections on the Installed Devices, Systems to Ensure
Conformity with the Requirement.
 Accomplishing Technical Reports on the Tests Conducted.
 Procedures in Forwarding Documentation to Appropriate Personnel and/or
Authority on the Test Conducted.

Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1.Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to (2 points)
A. health
C. welfare issues in the workplace
B. safety
D. all
2.The Importance of planning and Preparing Installation OH&S policies
andprocedures.(4 points)

A. Testing Devices B. Checking the Quality of the Work

C .Checking of Materials D. all

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 3. Steps Involved in Installation Planning( 2 point)

A, assessment B. readiness

C,benchmark D. All
4------- Review existing installation to identify the roadblocks(2 point)
A .assessment B. Readiness
C, benchmark D, all

Note: Satisfactory rating 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

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 Information Sheet- 3 consulting Appropriate personnel to ensure the work

3.1 Introduction
Consultation involves sharing of information, giving workers a reasonable opportunity to
express views and taking those views into account before making decisions on health
and safety matters.
A person conducting a business or undertaking must consult, so far as is reasonably
practicable, with workers who carry out work for the business or undertaking and who
are (or are likely to be) directly affected by a work health and safety matter.
If the workers are represented by a health and safety representative, the consultation
must involve that representative.
Consultation with workers and their health and safety representatives is required at
every step of the risk management process. By drawing on the experience, knowledge
and ideas of your workers you are more likely to identify all hazards and choose
effective risk control.
For example, if you engage an electrical contractor to carry out electrical work at your
workplace you should consult with the contractor on how (in general) the work is to be
carried out and in particular how risks to their health and safety and that of others at the
workplace are to be managed while the work is carried out. You should also cooperate
with the electrical contractor (e.g. instructing on and ensuring compliance with ‗no go‘
zones‘) to ensure electrical safety of everyone at the workplace
3.2 The important of consulting appropriate personnel to ensure the work
3.2.1Managing electrical risks
A person conducting a supervisor or undertaking must manage risks to health and
safety associated with electrical risks at the workplace.

In order to manage risk under the WHS Regulations, a duty holder must:
• identify reasonably foreseeable hazards that could give rise to the risk
• eliminate the risk, so far as is reasonably practicable

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 • if it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the risk, minimize the risk so far as is
reasonably practicable by implementing control measures

• maintain the implemented control measure so that it remains effective

• review, and if necessary revise, all risk control measures so as to maintain, so far as is
reasonably practicable, a work environment that is without risks to health and safety
• identifying hazards „
• if necessary, assessing the risks associated with these hazards
• implementing and maintaining risk control measures (e.g. inspecting and testing
electrical equipment, using RCDs), and
• Reviewing risk control measures.
3.2.2 Implementing risk control measures

In implementing risk controls, you may develop a safe work method statement that:
 specifies the determined risk controls
 sets out the steps that need to be taken to implement the risk
controls
 identifies and allocates the resources necessary to implement the
measures (i.e. time and expenses)
 allocates responsibilities and accountabilities (e.g. who does what
and when)
 Sets a date for reviewing the risk controls.
3.3 RISK CONTROLSWORKING NEAR ENERGISED ELECTRICAL PARTS
Electrical work on any installation, equipment, machinery, plant or appliance may pose a
risk of direct or indirect contact with nearby exposed energized electrical parts (e.g.
installing or testing circuits on a switchboard adjacent to exposed live electrical parts).
In some circumstances the risks associated with undertaking electrical work near exposed
live parts can be equivalent to those associated with live electrical work. Risks to be
considered, but not limited to, are those arising from:
 energized parts
 exposed high temperature parts

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  Moisture entering the electrical equipment. Identifying and
assessing the risks and developing risk control measures as described in
the How to manage work health and safety risks code of practice 2011 will
provide further assistance in developing safe work practices

3.4 Consultation between duty holders

All persons conducting a business or undertaking at a workplace have a duty to
manage electrical risks at the workplace while electrical work is being carried out, not
just those carrying out the electrical work. Electrical work will often be carried out at a
place that is not under the management or control of the person conducting the
business or undertaking carrying out the electrical work. For example, the place where
work is carried out may be under the management or control of:
 if the place is a permanent workplace—the person conducting a
business or undertaking from that workplace
 if the place is a public place—the relevant local or state authority.
These persons will also have duties in relation to the health and safety of the
electrical worker(s) and other persons at the place where the electrical work is
being carried out.
All duty holders must, so far as is reasonably practicable, consult, cooperate and
coordinate activities with each other to ensure compliance with their work health and
safety duties. In addition to the general duty to consult, the person conducting a
business or undertaking carrying out the electrical work must ensure the electrical work
is only authorized (among other things) after consulting with the person with
management or control of the workplace. Consultation should ensure that all relevant
persons are aware of any scheduled electrical work to be carried out and also any
relevant risks to health and safety arising from that work.
Arrangements should also be put in place to ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, that all persons at the place receive suitable and adequate information
and instruction, for example about the need to comply with warning or safety signs and
stay out of any ‗no go‘ zones.

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 Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1.__________________Risk controls working near energized part electrical part(2
point)
A. energized parts
C. moisture entering the electrical equipment

B. exposed high temperature parts D. all

2.AS trainer what is you responsible before the practical work(2 point)
A .consulting appropriate personnel B. allocates responsibilities
C. exposed any idea D.A&B
3. The important of Managing electrical risks.(2 point)
A. exposed high temperature parts B. Identifying and assessing the risks
C developing risk control measures D. All

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

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 Information Sheet-4
checking Apparatus
4.1 Definition of terms

 Electrical apparatus
Electrical apparatus means any appliances, fittings, lamps or other apparatus
designed for operation by or in connection with electricity, and any articles or fittings of
any kind for use in connection with any such apparatus.
 multimeter

A multimeter is the combination of a DC voltmeter, AC voltmeter, ammeter,

and ohmmeter. An un-amplified analog multimeter combines a meter movement, range
resistors and switches; VTVMs are amplified analog meters and contain active circuitry.

For an analog meter movement, DC voltage is measured with a series resistor

connected between the meter movement and the circuit under test. A switch (usually
rotary) allows greater resistance to be inserted in series with the meter movement to
read higher voltages. The product of the basic full-scale deflection current of the
movement, and the sum of the series resistance and the movement's own resistance,
gives the full-scale voltage of the range. As an example, a meter movement that
required 1 mA for full-scale deflection, with an internal resistance of 500 Ω, would, on a
10 V range of the multimeter, have 9,500 Ω of series resistance.[7]

For analog current ranges, matched low-resistance shunts are connected in parallel
with the meter movement to divert most of the current around the coil. Again for the
case of a hypothetical 1 mA, 500 Ω movements on a 1 A range, the shunt resistance
would be just over 0.5 Ω.

Contemporary multimeters can measure many values. The most common are:

 Voltage, alternating and direct, in volts.

 Current, alternating and direct, in amperes.
The frequency range for which AC measurements are accurate is important,
depends on the circuitry design and construction, and should be specified, so
users can evaluate the readings they take. Some meters measure currents as

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 low as milliamps or even microamps. All meters have a burden voltage (caused
by the combination of the shunt used and the meter's circuit design), and some
(even expensive ones) have sufficiently high burden voltages that low current
readings are seriously impaired. Meter specifications should include the burden
voltage of the meter.

 Resistance in ohms.

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 A. Proper care and maintenance of the multi tester
1. Read manual of instructions on how to operate the multi-tester.
2. In reading the amount of voltage, always start with the highest range to avoid reading
voltage higher than the tester setting.
3. Be sure that the tester is set to the correct range setting: resistance range when
measuring the ohm, voltage range when measuring voltage and ammeter range when
measuring the value of electric current.
4. Always check the condition of its battery. Worn out batteries will damage the internal
setting of the tester.
5. When the tester is not in used or will be stored, set the selector switch to 1000V or to
OFF position.
7. Never drop the tester.

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 Information Sheet-5
Obtaining apparatus with established procedures

5.1 Obtaining apparatus

5.1.1 Electrical lights or lamps
A. Incandescent Lamps
Incandescent bulbs are standard bulbs and many people are quite familiar with these
bulbs. These incandescent bulbs are available in a broad range of sizes and voltages.
An incandescent bulb glows and produces heat when electricity passes through the
tungsten filament present inside the bulb. The filament of this bulb is placed either in a
mixture of nitrogen gas or in a vacuum. These bulbs are being gradually replaced by
LEDs, fluorescent lamps, and other service based new technologies.

The reason for this is that when this bulb is switched on, the sudden flow of current,
energy and heat penetrate the thin areas, which in turn heat up the filament; once the
filament heats up, it tends to break and burns out the bulb. Incandescent bulbs can last
for 700 – 1000 hours and can also be used with a dimmer. Incandescent bulbs generate
steady heat, which is quite good for house hold applications. Luminous efficiency of
incandescent lamp is about 15 lumens per watt.

Fig. 5.1 incandescent lamp

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 B. LED light bulb

An LED light bulb is a solid-state lighting (SSL) device that fits in standard screw-in
connections but uses LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to produce light.

LED light bulbs are a more environmentally-friendly alternative to incandescent bulbs.

LED bulbs use a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it. That property is known as electroluminescence,
Compact fluorescents, the most common alternative to incandescent bulbs, use
electricity to excite mercury gas until it emits ultraviolet (UV) light. That light is then
passed through a phosphor, which causes it to emit more visible light.

LEDs themselves have been around for some time, but only recently have
improvements in efficiency, cost and output made them viable for the larger-scale
lighting used in households, businesses and other environments. Due to the rapid
progress in LED technologies, products exist with wide ranges of efficiencies and life
spans.

The bulbs can work for 50000 hours, if not run outside of the specified temperature
range. They use about 8-11 watts of power to replace a 60-watt incandescent with at
least 806 lumen and 9.5 watts for a 75-watt equivalent. This capacity provides an
efficiency gain of up to 80% over incandescent bulbs.

Other benefits of LED light bulbs:

 Cooler than incandescent bulbs in operation.

 Instant on, unlike compact fluorescent bulbs.

 Broad range of color possibilities.

 Customizable lights can be controlled through a Bluetooth connection.

 Lowest cost over ownership of all lights.

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  No mercury and minimal toxic materials required.

 A single lamp represents a reduction of hundreds of pounds of CO2, compared

to use of incandescent.

Fig.5.2 LED light bulbs

C. Spotlight

A spotlight is a powerful stage lighting instrument which projects a bright beam of light
onto a performance space. Spotlights are controlled by a spotlight operator who tracks
actors around the stage. Spotlights are most commonly used in concerts, musicals and
large scale presentations where highlighting a specific mobile individual is critical.
Spotlights are sometimes located overhead on catwalks. In some theatres, they may
also be located in the control booth or purposely built "spot booths" in addition to the
catwalk.

Characteristics of a typical spotlight include:

 A strong light source, often a high-intensity discharge lamp with a high colour
temperature.
 A lens which can be manually focused.
 A manual device to change the intensity of the beam, especially when an HID
source which cannot be electronically dimmed, is used.
 An "iris" to adjust the size of the spot/angle of the beam.
 A color magazine or "boomerang" consisting of several gel frames which can be
swung in front of the beam.

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  Some sort of physical sight to assist in aiming is sometimes added onto the lamp
by the operator.

Fig.5.3 spotlight

D. Fluorescent lamp

A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to
deliver visible light. An electric current in the gas energizes mercury vapor which
delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge process and the ultraviolet radiation
causes the phosphor coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible light.

Fig.5.4 fluorescent lamp

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 5.1.2 DOMESTIC SWITCHES

The transportation of electrical energy from the source ti the load is done through the
control devices call switching devices.
Any switch device is made for establishing and interrupting of electric circuit.
 Switching device are categorized in to two
1) Mechanical switching devices; are those which function mechanically.
2) Semi-conductor The transportation of electrical energy from the source ti the load is
done through the control devices call switching devices.
Any switch device is made for establishing and interrupting of electric circuit.
 Switching device are categorized in to two
1) Mechanical switching devices; are those which function mechanically.
2) Semi-conductor switching devices; are those which function electrically.
Switch a switch is a mechanical device which closes or opens an electrical circuit during
normal functioning. The quality of the switch contacts must be such that there should
not be any formation of arc b/n the switch contacts during make and break.
Types of switches
A. Domestic switch
B. Industrial switch
Domestic switch; are those which are used for lighting and socket outlet control.
They are classified as;
1. Single pole one way switching
2. Series switching
3. Two way switching
4. Intermediate switching
 pole Single one way switching; with single pole one way switching it should be
possible to switch appliances(e.g. light);ON;OFF;
 Series switching; with series switching, it should be possible from a switching point
to switch two lamps or group of lamps selectively, ON, or ‗OFF, individually,
 Two way switch; with two ways switching it should be possible to switch a lamp
or group of lamps, ON ‗or, OFF, from two switching points,

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  Intermediate switching; The purpose of intermediate switching is to enable a current
consuming device (lamp)or a group of devices (lamps) to be switched On & OFF From
at least three switching points,

5.1.3 Bell

A. Electric bell

An electric bell is a mechanical bell that functions by means of an electromagnet.

When an electric current is applied, it produces a repetitive buzzing or clanging sound.
Electric bells have been widely used at railroad crossings,
in telephones, fire and burglar alarms, as school bells, doorbells, and alarms in
industrial plants, since the late 1800s, but they are now being widely replaced with
electronic sounders. An electric bell consists of one or more electromagnets, made of a
coil of insulated wire around an iron core, which attract a springy iron armature with a
clapper. When an electric current flows through the coils, the electromagnet creates a
magnetic field which pulls the armature towards it, causing the clapper to strike the bell.

Fig.5.5 electric bell

B. Fire alarms bell

Fire alarm bells are divided into two categories: vibrating, and single-stroke. On a
vibrating bell, the bell will ring continuously until the power is cut off. When power is
supplied to a single-stroke bell, the bell will ring once and then stop. It will not ring again

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 until power is turned off and on again. These were frequently used with coded pull
stations.

5.6 Fire alarms bell

C. Buzzers
An electric buzzer uses a similar mechanism to an interrupter bell, but without the
resonant bell. They are quieter than bells, but adequate for a warning tone over a small
distance, such as across a desktop.

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

With the development of low cost electronics from the 1970s onwards, most buzzers
have now been replaced by electronic 'sounders'. These replace the electromechanical
striker of a bell with an electronic oscillator and a loudspeaker, often a piezoelectric
transducer.

Fig.5.7 Buzzers

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 5.1.4 Smoke detector
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire
alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms,
generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself.

Smoke detectors are housed in plastic enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about
150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but shape and size
vary. Smoke can be detected either optically (photoelectric) or by physical process
(ionization); detectors may use either, or both, methods. Sensitive alarms can be used
to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas where it is banned. Smoke detectors in large
commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire
alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a battery backup. Domestic
smoke detectors range from individual battery-powered units, to several interlinked
mains-powered units with battery backup; with these interlinked units, if any unit detects
smoke, all trigger even if household power has gone out.

Fig.5.8 Smoke detector

5.1.5 ceiling fan

A ceiling fan is a mechanical fan mounted on the ceiling of a room or space,

usually electrically powered, suspended from the ceiling of a room, that uses hub-
mounted rotating blades to circulate air. Ceiling fans typically rotate more slowly than
other types of circulating fans, such as electric desk fans. They cool people effectively
by introducing slow movement into the otherwise still, hot air of a room. Fans never
actually cool air, unlike air-conditioning equipment; they in fact heat the air due to the

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 waste heat from the motor and friction, but use significantly less power (cooling air
is thermodynamically expensive). Conversely, a ceiling fan can also be used to reduce
the stratification of warm air in a room by forcing it down to affect both occupants'
sensations and thermostat readings, thereby improving climate control energy
efficiency.

Fig.5.9 ceiling fan

5.1.6 Lamp holder

Lamp holder adapters are devices used to convert gas lamps, socket, outlets or parts
of lamps to those of an otherwise incompatible device or system of lamp parts. The
porcelain function of lamp holder is specially designed for use with shielded metal
halide lamps.

A device for securing a lamp to its support; specifically, a socket or holder fitted with electric
terminals, into which the top of the glass globe of an incandescent lamp is fitted, or from which it
hangs.

Fig.5.10 Lamp holder

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 What’s the function of lamp holder?
What‘s the function of lamp holder? Lights are often inserted in lamp holders which
offer electrical connections to the lamp and help it inside the lighting fixture. The usage
of lamp bases allows lights to become safely and conveniently replaced (re-lamping) in
the end of life, or to transform power, color, lighting technology or and so on. There are
plenty of different standards for these lamp bases, created by de facto and by many
standards bodies. A basic coding system is a letter or abbreviation followed by a
number.Some miniature lights have wire leads suitable for direct connection to wires;
some reflector equipment and lighting have screw terminals for wire connections.
The function of lamp holder defines and limits its intended use. Porcelain insulation can
withstand considerably higher operating temperatures than bake lite or other plastics.

Fig.5.11 lamp holder

5.1.7 SOCKET OUTLET

A socket is a software object that acts as an end point establishing a bidirectional

network communication link between a server-side and a client-side program.

 Socket Types

There are four types of sockets available to the users. The first two are most commonly
used and the last two are rarely used.

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 Processes are presumed to communicate only between sockets of the same type but
there is no restriction that prevents communication between sockets of different types.

 Stream Sockets − Delivery in a networked environment is guaranteed. If you

send through the stream socket three items "A, B, C", they will arrive in the
same order − "A, B, C". These sockets use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
for data transmission. If delivery is impossible, the sender receives an error
indicator. Data records do not have any boundaries.

 Datagram Sockets − Delivery in a networked environment is not guaranteed.

They're connectionless because you don't need to have an open connection as
in Stream Sockets − you build a packet with the destination information and
send it out. They use UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

 Raw Sockets − these provide users access to the underlying communication

protocols, which support socket abstractions. These sockets are normally
datagram oriented, though their exact characteristics are dependent on the
interface provided by the protocol. Raw sockets are not intended for the general
user; they have been provided mainly for those interested in developing new
communication protocols, or for gaining access to some of the more cryptic
facilities of an existing protocol.

 Sequenced Packet Sockets − they are similar to a stream socket, with the
exception that record boundaries are preserved. This interface is provided only
as a part of the Network Systems (NS) socket abstraction, and is very important
in most serious NS applications. Sequenced-packet sockets allow the user to
manipulate the Sequence Packet Protocol (SPP) or Internet Datagram Protocol
(IDP) headers on a packet or a group of packets, either by writing a prototype
header along with whatever data is to be sent, or by specifying a default header
to be used with all outgoing data, and allows the user to receive the headers on
incoming packets.

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 Fig.5.12 socket outlet

5.1.8 Distribution board

A distribution board (also known as panel board, breaker panel, or electric panel) is
a component of an electricity supply system that divides an electrical power feed into
subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in
a common enclosure. Normally, a main switch, and in recent boards, one or
more residual-current devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with overcurrent
protection (RCBO), are also incorporated

Fig.5.13 distribution board

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 5.1.9 TELE PHONE

A telephone (derived from the Greek: τῆλε, tēle, "far" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice",
together meaning "distant voice"), or phone, is a telecommunications device that
permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be
heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human
voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication
channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user

Fig.5.14 telephone

Types of phones

There are four categories of phones:

The classic corded telephone (which could utilize a rotary dial or have buttons), the
cordless or wireless phone, the standard cell phone, and the smartphone. Today,
the landline version of the telephone is widely being replaced by cell phones and
smartphones as they are much more convenient and service prices have come down
drastically.
The master phone socket is the main socket where the phone line enters your home,
usually found in the hallway near the front door. If you can't find it, have a look outside
for any wires entering your home, then look for a white box on the wall inside.

If you have more than one socket, the master socket is the one that will feed any
extension sockets. It's always best to connect your BT Hub to the master socket if
you can. This is where the broadband signal is strongest, before it goes through any
other home wiring which could cause interference.

This is usually what an extension socket looks like. If all your sockets look like this, then
one of them will be your master socket. It's most likely to be the one nearest where your
line comes into your home.

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 If your master socket has one socket, like this:

You must use a micro filter for every phone socket in your home with any phone or
broadband equipment plugged in (including your Hub, phones, answer machines, digital
TV boxes, and alarm systems).

A micro filter is a device that allows broadband to work at the same time as your phone
service.

5.1.10 ANT ENNA

An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating
current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending
or receiving radio transmissions. Antennas play an important role in the operation of all
radio equipment. They are used in wireless local area networks, mobile telephony and
satellite communication.

Fig.5.15 antenna

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 Types of Antennas

1. Log Periodic Antennas

 Bow Tie Antennas
 Log-Periodic Dipole Array
2. Wire Antennas
 Short Dipole Antenna
 Dipole Antenna
 Monopole Antenna
 Loop Antenna
3. Travelling Wave Antennas
 Helical Antennas
 Yagi-Uda Antennas
4. Microwave Antennas
 Rectangular Micro strip Antennas
 Planar Inverted-F Antennas
5. Reflector Antennas
 Corner Reflector
 Parabolic Reflector
Properties of Antennas

 Antenna Gain
 Aperture
 Directivity and bandwidth
 Polarization
 Effective length
 Polar diagram

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 Information Sheet-6
Determining location of apparatus from job requirements

6.1 Determining location of apparatus from job requirements

6.1.1 Sockets

Sockets may be wired on ring circuits or radial circuits. Mostly rings are used, as they
use less copper for most circuit layouts, they have safety advantages over radial circuits
(sometimes debated), can provide more power, and cover more floor area per circuit.

 Ring

Sockets are on 32A ring circuits in most house installations. These use a ring
of cable (i.e. a loop), so that at the CU 2 cables are connected to the MCB instead of 1.
An unlimited number of sockets may be connected on each ring.

One ring circuit per floor is a fairly common arrangement, but by no means the only
option. Larger houses generally have more rings. It‘s also common to have a ring
dedicated just for sockets in the kitchen since that is where you will find many of the
highest power consuming appliances in a modern house.

2.5mm² cable is usually used for ring circuits. 4mm² is used when cable will be
under insulation or bunched with other cables.

 Spurs

Spurs are permitted, but sockets should be included in the ring rather than spurred
wherever practical. Spurring is best only used for later additions to circuits.

Rules apply to the loading and number of sockets allowed on the end of a spur.

Spurring sockets prevents the easy later addition of more sockets in some positions, as
a spur may not be spurred off a spur. Spurs also prevent the addition of more sockets at
existing spurred positions, whereas a practically unlimited number of sockets can be
added where a socket is in the ring. Bear in mind the number of sockets wanted has
risen greatly over the years, and can only be expected to rise further.

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  Radial

Radial socket circuits are used less often. These use a single cable from CU to socket,
then a single cable to the next socket along the line etc. Radials use more copper on
most circuits, though less cable on physically long narrow shaped circuits.
Connection faults have greater consequences than with ring circuits. (Confusion over
the relative safety of ring & radial circuits is widespread.)

 20A radials use 2.5mm² or 4mm² cable.

 32A radials use 4mm² cable
 Number of Sockets

Minimum and desirable numbers of sockets recommended per room are given.
Recommended numbers are inevitably a matter of opinion, and are only recommended
as a starting point for consideration.

 Bedroom
 Minimum: 1 double socket at each of 2 locations
 Recommended: 2x double sockets at each of 4 locations (in or near
corners) + a double socket at side of single bed, or a double socket at each side
of double bed. 2 way lighting switches controllable at door & bedside.
 Corridor
 Minimum: none
 Recommended: 1 double socket for a short corridor, 2 or possibly more in
a long one. Put one where a hall table might go.
 Kitchen
 Minimum:
 Recommended: Under worktop: 4 or 5 double sockets. Over worktop: 1
double socket per 2 meters. All sockets on ring circuit, no spurs. 2A or 5A
sockets on lighting circuit: one above each set of cupboards, one below each set
of cupboards, one away from cupboards & worktop.

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  Lounge:
 Minimum: 1 double socket at each of 2 locations
 Recommended: 2x double sockets at each of 4 locations (in or near
corners) + 1-3 double sockets where PC or AV equipment is to be used. If the
room has 2 or more doors, 2 way lighting switches controllable at each door. 4-
6x 2A or 5A sockets on lighting circuit.
 Utility room:
 Minimum: 1 double socket
 Recommended: 2 or 3 double sockets, all on ring circuit
 Bathroom:
 Minimum: no sockets
 Recommended: none. 1 socket somewhere out of easy reach in zone 3 if
you wish to use an appliance in the bathroom (eg washing machine
or dehumidifier). A shaver socket at the sink is an option, but plugging items in
outside the room is probably better practice.
 Home Office:
 Minimum: a double socket at 2 locations
 Recommended: 2x double sockets at each of 4 locations (generally near
corners), plus anything from 2 to 6 double sockets where computer or other
business appliances will go.
 Small shed:
 Minimum: no electricity supply
 Recommended: if far from the house, a double socket can be useful. If
you'll spend time in it, a light too.
 Large shed:
 Minimum: no electricity supply
 Recommended: plenty of lighting & sockets according to size & proposed
use. Given the tendency for electricity use to rise over the years, an overrated
feed cable may prove useful in time.
 Greenhouse:

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  Minimum: no electricity supply
 Recommended: A splash proof double socket above head height can be
handy. For a dedicated horticulturalist, fluorescent lighting, a couple of splash
proof double sockets positioned at head height or above, and a 13A socket
for discharge lighting can all come in useful.
6.1.2 Lighting

Radial circuits are used for lighting. There is one lighting circuit on each lighting MCB.
Lighting circuits are usually on a 10A MCB 10A can be used (with some extra
restrictions (now removed in the 17th edition of the wiring regs)) for large circuits.
However if the area served is large, more 5A or 6A circuits would in most cases be
preferable.

Lighting circuits are typically wired in 1.5mm² T&E cable (1.5mm² allows a longer cable
run, before suffering too much voltage drop).

 Fuse or MCB

Filament lamp failures can trip MCBs, so fuses have an advantage over MCBs
for lighting circuits, as they rarely nuisance trip on bulb failure. (Less sensitive type C
and D MCBs can often be used to help reduce this problem.)

 Loop-in Wiring

The power feed cable may go to either the switch or the bulb holder. If it goes to the
bulb holder, this is called loop-in wiring, and the ceiling rose (a junction box with a
downward facing cable outlet) then uses four sets of connections instead of 3, the extra
one being a switched live.

With loop-in wiring, the cable from the ceiling rose to the switch has 3 conductors,
namely earth, unswitched live and switched live. Regs conformance requires that brown
sleeving be fitted over the neutral coloured conductor at each end of the
switch cable since it is being used as a live.

A typical view inside a ceiling rose:

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 Fig. 6.1 Radial circuits are used for lighting

All cable colours are as expected except for the switched live. Light switches are
usually wired with standard T&E, which means the switched live wire will be black
(existing installs) or blue (new installs) - this should be marked with live
coloured tape or sleeving (though alas this is often missing).

So beware, if you take down a rose without paying attention to which wire is which, and
you re-connect all the blacks or blues together, your fuse or MCB will trip.

 Single & Earth

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 A less commonly met system of wiring lighting circuits.

The permanent lives and switched lives of the circuit use the single core and earth cable
(type 6241Y).

This run starts from the MCB and loops between the lightswitches to provide a
permanent live and earth to the lightswitches. Another length of 6241Y is then used
from the lightswitch to the light fitting to provide a switched live and earth at the light
fitting.

The neutral cable is a double sheathed cable (6181Y with a blue inner sheath) that runs
from the CU neutral busbar and from light fitting to light fitting (there will only be one
neutral at the end of the circuit).

It makes it easier to put light fittings up as there are less cables to mess with at the
fitting.

 Other Wiring Options

In addition to the common Loop In scheme shown above, other systems are also often
used. These are Switch loop through which makes all the connections at a switch.
There is also junction box wiring which is basically the same as the ceiling rose system
except there is no local connection to a lamp - so its better suited to remote lamps like
wall lights. All combinations of these can exist on the same circuit if necessary :

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  Two Way Switching

Two way switching means having two or more switches in different locations to control
one lamp. They are wired so that operation of either switch will control the light(s).

 Light circuit earthing

In some older properties (typically wired in or before the mid 1960s), its not uncommon
to find lighting circuits without an earth wire. Care should be taken if you have such a
circuit to ensure that only appropriate light fittings and switches are used.
Most metal light fittings and switches will require earthing, but those marked with the

double insulated symbol do not need an earth connection. Most plastic switches and
light fittings are also safe for use on circuits with no earth.

Note the earth wire in the T&E must be run to all switches, junction boxes & light fittings,
including those that are currently plastic. It is not permitted to borrow an earth from
another circuit. Ideally the non-earthed circuit ought to be re-wired, or at least have
a RCD installed to protect it.

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 For more information about unearthed lighting circuits see Lighting Circuits Without an
Earth

 Outdoor Lighting

Outdoor lighting is usually run on its own radial circuit off its own MCB in the CU.
Usually this is a 10A MCB, but lighting is less likely to cause problems if run on a
10A fuse. Exterior cabling must be appropriate for use outside (many cable types
degrade under prolonged exposure to sunlight for example).

6.1.3 Bathroom Electrics

Bathrooms (or rooms with showers) are "special locations" in the language of the wiring
regulations. This is because they are places where people are particularly vulnerable to
serious injury from electric shock (due to being wet and barefoot). In modern
designs all bathroom electrics are supplied by RCD protected circuits.

Zones

Bathrooms are divided into 3 zones, with different rules for each zone.

 Electrical fittings in the bathroom in zone 0 must conform to IPX7 or better, and
must be of an extra low voltage type.
 Electrical fittings in the bathroom in zones 1 & 2 must conform to IPX4 or better.
 Electrical fittings in the bathroom outside of the zones do not need to confirm to
any specific IP rating, but must be appropriate for the circumstance in which they
are used.

There are also limitations to the type of electrical equipment permitted in each zone.
See the Bathroom electrics article for more details.

 Equipotential Bonding

All metal items that enter a bathroom from outside of the room (e.g. copper pipes,
electric circuit cables) are connected together using 4mm² green/yellow insulated wire.
Connection is also made to each of the protective earth wires in each circuit that feeds
an appliance in the bathroom (e.g. lamps, heaters, towel rails etc). This is
called equipotential bonding and is designed to minimize exposure to dangerous

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 voltages that may be present during electrical fault conditions. The wire is connected
to metal pipes using BS 951 earth clamps. The wire is connected to radiators using
connectors. It is permitted to place equipotential bonding connections immediately
outside the bathroom if necessary. Note equipotential bonding can be omitted if all the
circuits that enter the bathroom are protected by RCD(s) with trip thresholds of 30mA or
less.

 Sockets

Until the introduction of the 17th edition of the wiring regulation, sockets were not
permitted in a bathroom at all, unless they were either a transformer isolated shaver
socket, or sockets to power extra low voltage devices, both of which are permitted in
Zone 2 or outside. For more information on bathroom electrics, see Bathroom electrics.

 Showers

An electric shower will be fed on its own high current cable, fed from its own MCB on
the RCD protected side of the CU. For more information on electric showers,
see Installing an electric shower

6.1.4 Kitchens

Modern kitchens often have a high concentration of electric appliances, many of them
high power consumption devices. Hence they are worthy of special mention.

 Cookers

All in one electric cookers (oven, hob & grill in one unit) are fed by a high
current cable from the CU, typically on a 32A MCB. Single cavity ovens with no hob are
more often put on a 20A plug. Most hobs require their own high current feed, but some
are available that incorporate load limiting switching, and are designed to be run on a
20A plug. Combi cookers (microwave & fan oven, with or without grill) are always on a
20A plug.

 Equipotential Bonding

Contrary to popular belief kitchens do not need equipotential bonding.

 Number of Rings

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 Most kitchens are supplied by one ring circuit. However this may be insufficient for large
or all-electric kitchens.

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 Information Sheet-7
Obtaining necessary materials to complete the work

7.1 Electrical Supplies and Materials

Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:
1. Control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;
2. Carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus;
3. Hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings; and
4. Protect the houses, buildings, appliances‘ and instruments from any destruction and
damage.
The following are the most commonly used electrical materials

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 Information Sheet-8 Obtaining Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry
out the installation work

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 Information Sheet-9 Checking safety preparatory work to ensure no
unnecessary damage
9.1 Safety

 This article cannot practically cover everything.

 The writing of this article may be incomplete when you read it.
 Laws and regulations change over time.
 Interpretation of regulations and law may change over time
 The article may assume knowledge that some readers might not possess
 Unexpected situations may change the specific requirements for some circuits.
 For these reasons and more, one should not carry out safety critical work based
solely on wiki content. Information and plans should be independently checked
and verified before action.
 Anyone installing wiring should also understand some basic safety issues not
discussed here. This article is an introductory overview rather than a complete A
to Z on rewiring, and assumes some basic electrical knowledge.

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 BUILDING ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
LEVEL II

Learning Guide-28

Unit of Competence: Install Electrical

Apparatus

Module Title: Installing Electrical Apparatus

LG Code: EIS BEI2 M08 LO1-LG-28

TTLM Code: EIS BEI2 M08 TTLM 0919v1

LO: 2 Install Apparatus

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 Instruction Sheet Install Apparatus

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:

 Following OH&S policies and procedures for installing electrical

apparatus
 Installing Apparatus without damage or distortion
 Carrying out variation to apparatus installation to customer/client
requirements
 Terminating and connecting Apparatus
 responding to unplanned events or conditions
 Obtaining approval from appropriate personnel before any contingencies
 undertaking On-going checks of the quality of the work
 Installing electrical apparatus with several wire (green/yellow) for
protection
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Following OH&S policies and procedures for installing electrical
apparatus
 Installing Apparatus without damage or distortion
 Carrying out variation to apparatus installation to customer/client
requirements
 Terminating and connecting Apparatus
 responding to unplanned events or conditions
 Obtaining approval from appropriate personnel before any contingencies
 undertaking On-going checks of the quality of the work
 Installing electrical apparatus with several wire (green/yellow) for
protection

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 Learning Instructions:
8. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
9. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
10. Read the information written in the information ―Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet
4‖.
11. Accomplish the ―Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4‖ in page
-6, 9, 12 and 14 respectively.
12. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the ―Self-check‖ proceed to ―Operation
Sheet 1, Operation Sheet 2 and Operation Sheet 3 ‖ in page -15.
13. Do the ―LAP test‖ in page – 16 (if you are ready).

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 Following OH&S policies and procedures for installing
Information Sheet-1 electrical apparatus

2.1 Applying OH&S policies and procedures

2.1 Purpose
The purpose of Work Health and Safety Policy and Procedure is to establish and
maintain an effective health and safety management system.
The Skills Quality is committed to implementing a structured approach to workplace
health and safety to achieve a consistently high standard of safety performance.
This will assist meet its obligations in accordance with the Work Health and Safely
This policy applies to all workers and to other people at risk from the work carried
out at workplaces. Failure to comply with the requirements of the plan may lead to
disciplinary action.
2.1.1 Work Health and Safety Policy
The following Statement of Commitment and the Implementation of Policy
Commitment provide the overarching direction for in pursuit of workplace health and
safety outcomes. These commitments are as follows:
Statement of Commitment
Committed to providing a workplace that enables all work activities to be carried out
safely. We will take all reasonably practicable measures to eliminate or minimize risks to
the health, safety and welfare of workers, contractors, visitors, and anyone else who
may be affected by our operations.
We are committed to complying with the Work Health and Safety. We will also comply
with any other relevant legislation, applicable Codes of Practice and Australian
Standards as far as possible.
WHS Policies and Procedures set out the safety arrangements and principles which are
to be observed by and its workers to ensure compliance with the WHS Act and to
provide appropriate mechanisms for continuing consultation and management of WHS
matters.

Implementation of Policy Commitment

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  is committed to ensuring, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and
safety of its workers (employees, contractors, labor hire workers, outworkers,
apprentices, students or volunteers) while they are at work, and that the health
and safety of other persons (e.g. visitors) is not put at risk from our operations.
This will be achieved by:
 Providing and maintaining a healthy and safe work environment through the
implementation of safe work practices, safe systems of work and the provision of
safe work equipment

 Ensuring that workplaces under the control of are safe, without risk to health,
and have safe means of access and egress
 Routinely consulting in order to maintain effective and co-operative relationships
between and its workers, and with other duty holders, on health and safety
matters in the workplace
 Reviewing, via appropriate mechanisms, the effectiveness of the safety
measures taken.
‘s commitment to providing safe and healthy working environments for workers
includes:
 Providing relevant, up-to-date WHS information to all workers on matters such as
workplace safety and their responsibilities
 Providing expert assistance in WHS matters where necessary
 Providing instruction and/or training in work processes where appropriate
 Developing and implementing strategies which include workplace assessment, hazard
identification, and appropriate remedial action to eliminate or control hazards
 Implementing and maintaining appropriate information and reporting methods

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 Information Sheet-2 Installing Apparatus without damage

2.1 Installing Apparatus without damage

You should implement a safe system of work to deal with potentially unsafe electrical
equipment at the workplace. This could include:

 requiring workers (if competent to do so) to undertake a check of the physical

condition of the electrical equipment, including the lead and plug connections,
prior to commencing use
 taking the electrical equipment out of service if in doubt as to safety, including at
any time during use
 Putting reporting arrangements in place to ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, that supervisors or line managers are advised if a worker takes electrical
equipment out of service for safety reasons.
Unsafe electrical equipment must be disconnected or isolated from its electricity
supply. It must not be reconnected unless it is repaired by a competent person or tests
by a competent person have confirmed it is safe to use. Alternatively, it could be
replaced or permanently removed from use.
Unsafe electrical equipment should be labelled indicating it is unsafe and must not
be used. This is to prevent inadvertent use before the electrical equipment can be
tested, repaired or replaced.

2.1 The Electrician’s Tool Pouch

 The Electrician‘s tool pouch is essential in that it helps kept electrical tools
organized. The tool pouch allows the right tools at hand which makes the job
more efficient.

 The electrician must have proper tools for the job.

 Tools must be maintain and kept in good working condition.

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  Certain tools are essential, and without them the electrician should not attempt
to do any type of wiring.

 Listed are the basic hand tools that are essential to electrical wiring

Rules for care of hand tools

 There are many more hand and power tools that electricians will use in
residential and commercial wiring.
 All tools should be used only for the purpose intended.
 It is the electrician‘s responsibility to keep his or her tools sharp, clean, and
lubricated.
 A well maintained tool has a longer life and is safer than an improperly
maintained tool.
 Repair tools when possible, but discard worn or damaged tools.
Carrying out variation to apparatus installation to
Information Sheet-3 customer/client requirements

What type of variations occurs?

Low voltage conditions occasionally, sometimes as a result of a vehicle colliding
with a strobe pole or other electrical equipment, low voltage conditions may occur.
This may cause:
 Lights to glow at less than full power and fridges and air conditioners to
appear to be working harder, or making strange sounds. In these cases it is
wise to turn off any appliance that is not behaving normally; however lights
can be left on.
 Lights to dim momentarily due to electric motors within large appliances
cycling in and out.

Information Sheet-4 Terminating and connecting Apparatus

Cable Joint and Cable Termination

1. Cable joint

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 Cable joints of any type along cable runs in final circuits are not allowed. ―Looping-in‖
wiring system should be used such that the cables or conductors are properly
terminated at the junction box or equipment.

2. Boxes for cable joint and cable termination

 Boxes for the termination and for joining of cables may be of cast iron, or plastic
shell with compound filled and of adequate size.
 Where hot compound filling is used, the box should be warmed thoroughly before
the compound is poured to allow total adhesion between the compound and the
box. The compound should then be allowed to cool and be topped up before the
box is closed. No air pockets should be allowed to form inside the box.
 Where cold compound with plastic shell is used, the complete jointing kit,
including plastic shell, compound, insulating tape etc. should be from the same
proprietary manufacturer. The jointing method and procedure as laid down by the
manufacturer should be strictly adhered to.
 Where the box is of cast iron, it should be fitted with suitable armouring clamps
and glands; where the box is of plastic shell, it should be fitted with suitably sized
armour bond.
(3) General requirements for jointing and termination of cable

 All joints and terminations should have durable electrical continuity and adequate
mechanical strength.
 (b) Ferrules, compression connectors and bare portions of cable core resulting
from a jointing or terminating process should be insulated with an insulating tape
or heat shrinkable tubing after completion the jointing or terminating process.
Such insulating tape or heat shrinkable tubing should have equal or better
electrical and mechanical properties than those of the original insulation
removed, and should be adhered to the cores etc. securely and permanently.
The final thickness should be in smooth contour throughout the whole length of
the joint or termination.
(4) Straight-through joint

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  In a straight-through joint for copper conductors, the two conductors should be
butted together after the strands have been soldered solid and should be jointed
by means of a weak-back ferrule, soldered to the cores. Soldering should be
carried out by pouring tinman‘s solder over the cores and the weak-back ferrule.
In no circumstances should direct flame from a blow lamp be used for soldering.
 Prior to making a soldered joint for aluminium conductors, each conductor
should be cleaned by means of steel wool or similar abrasive and then tinned by
pouring solder, especially made for use with aluminium, over the cores. Both
cores should then be inserted in a weak-back aluminium ferrule which should be
closed. The two aluminium cores to be jointed may be butted together.
The.soldering should be completed by pouring the solder over the
ferrule, after applying a layer of flux recommended by the cable manufacturer for this
purpose.

 A compression joint should be made by inserting the conductor cores to be

jointed into the opposite ends of a suitable type of compression jointing tube,
which should have the correct size for the conductors. The tube should then be
compressed onto the cores by means of a compressing tool. The tool used and
the working procedure adopted should be as recommended by the compression
joint or cable manufacturer.
 Where specialist jointing kits are used, the complete kit should be from the same
manufacturer who specialises in manufacturing products for this purpose. The
method and procedure adopted should be strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer‘s recommendations.
(5) Jointing of protective conductors

 Protective conductors should be looped into earthing terminals of exposed

conductive parts or extraneous conductive parts. Straight joints in protective
conductors should be avoided as far as practicable. Tee-joints in protective
conductors are acceptable.
 Tapes should be jointed by:
1. double riveting, or

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 2. suitable tape clamps (when clamps are used, the tape clamps shall each be
provided with at least 4 screws or bolts), or
3. means of exothermic or thermic welding utilizing the high temperature reaction of
powdered copper oxide and
aluminium, provided that the proper material and equipment are used in accordance
with the manufacturer‘s recommended process, orof suitable size.

(6) Joints and terminations of non-armoured cables

 Non-armoured cables terminated at a moulded box or pattress, a luminaire or

other fittings should have the overall protective sheaths carried into the moulded
box or pattress, luminaire or other fittings for a minimum distance of 13 mm.
 The circuit protective conductor should be terminated at the earthing terminal
provided in the moulded box or pattress housing the wiring accessories.
 Where it is not required to terminate the circuit protective conductor in an
accessory, the circuit protective conductor should be coiled away from the live
terminals or any bare conductors and should be insulated and sleeved with a
green-and-yellow PVC sleeve(d) Jointing of circuit protective conductors of non-
armoured cable should be in the same manner as jointing live conductors.
(7) Jointing and termination of armoured cables

 Cable armours should be terminated at the armouring clamps and the inner
sheath should pass through the gland.
 Earth continuity across joints of a circuit protective conductor having adequate
cross-sectional area and of same material as the phase conductors should be
installed and connected to maintain the effectiveness of the earth continuity
across every cable joint of the armoured cable.
 PVC insulated armoured cables with copper or aluminium conductors should be
terminated in a gland fitted with an amour clamp. Provision should be made to
enable a watertight seal between the gland and inner PVC sheath. The gland
body should be provided with an internal conical seating to receive the armour
clamping cone and a clamping nut which should secure the armourn clamping

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 cone firmly to the armour wires ensuring that the armour wires are tightly
clamped between the armour cone and conical armour seating. The spigot on the
gland body should be threaded to suit standard conduit accessories. A PVC
shroud should be fitted to cover the body of the gland and the exposed armour
wires.
1. Terminating gland and armour clamp for cables with aluminium conductors
should be made from aluminium. Cores should be terminated in a hot tinned
brass or copper lug, which should be shaped to suit the sector shape of the
conductor. The core should be tinned, and then soldered into the lug.
Alternatively a compression termination may be used. In such cases, the cores
should be inserted into the sleeve of an aluminium compression type cable lug.
The sleeve should then be compressed onto the cores by means of a
compressing tool. The tool used and the working procedure adopted should be
as recommended by the cable manufacturer.
2. Prior to connection to the terminal, the cable lug should be painted with an anti-
oxidising paste. The anti-oxidising paste should be suitable for preventing
electrolytic action due to contact between the aluminium lug and copper or brass
terminal, for an indefinite period. Alternatively, copper/ aluminium bimetal cable
lugs may be used.
(8) Termination of bonding conductors

1. A purpose-designed copper connector clamp should be used to bond the main

equipotential bonding conductor to extraneous conductive parts of the non-
electrical services, and should be used to bond supplementary bonding
conductors to exposed conductive parts or extraneous conductive parts.
2. All contact surfaces should be clean and free from nonconducting materials, such
as grease or paint, before the connector clamp is installed.
 For steel surface conduit installations, the supplementary bonding conductors
should be terminated at the nearest conduit or conduit box forming an integral
part of the conduit installation.

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  For concealed steel conduit installations, the supplementary bonding conductors
should be terminated at a copper earthing terminal fitted inside a metal box
forming an integral part of the conduit installation. For access to the concealed
conduit, an arrangement similar to a telephone cord outlet is acceptable.
 The metal conduit box should be located as near as possible to the bonding
position and the exposed part of the
supplementary bonding conductor should be made as short as possible.

(9) Joint and termination for high voltage cables

Regarding the joint and cable termination for high voltage cables, the manufacturer‘s
recommendation should be referred.

Installation of Socket Outlets

 Wall-mounted socket outlets should be installed with a minimum clear height of

150 mm from floor and 75 mm from surface top measured from the bottom of the
socket outlet.
 Socket outlets installed on floor surface should be suitably protected from ingress
of water and from mechanical damage.
 Socket outlets for household or similar use should be of shuttered type.
 A socket outlet should be installed as far away as practicable from water tap, gas
tap or cooker in order to avoid danger.
Installation of Fluorescent Lamps

 Capacitors and chokes should normally be fitted inside the luminaire. Where they
are fitted separately, they should be mounted in a metal box. Precautions should
be taken to prevent the components from overheating, e.g. by the provision of
adequate ventilation.
 The type and size of cables should be properly selected with due regard to the
ambient temperature, the inrush current and high voltages generated during
starting. The neutral conductor in every discharge lamp circuit should have a
cross-sectional area not less than that of the phase conductor.

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 Information Sheet-5 Responding to unplanned events or conditions

Obtaining approval from appropriate personnel before

Information Sheet-6 any contingencies

6.1 Approvals of Electrical Equipment

Electrical equipment which is to be taken into an explosives facility for purposes related
to the storage or processing of explosives shall be formally assessed against the
requirements of this Chapter by a competent person. Evidence of compliance shall be
kept within the Potential Explosion Site (PES) logbook. Where the required equipment is
essential but is not deemed to fully comply with this Chapter and an alternative
compliant version is not available the IE shall be contacted to arrange assessment by a
competent person.. Where risks can be mitigated to as low as is reasonably practical
(ALARP) as described in the equipment may be approved. Such approvals should detail
any caveats or controls which are required to maintain OME safety and this shall be
logged within the PES logbook, and copied to the relevant IE.
Retrospective Action

It is not intended that works services action should always be undertaken immediately
to modify existing installations to achieve conformance with any amendments to this .
Neither is it normally necessary to carry out surveys to establish the extent to which
existing installations fail to meet the latest standards.
Such work and surveys should only be considered when they are necessary and arise
for other reasons. For example.

When there has been a change to electro-technical legislation which has a direct or
indirect impact to the safety adopted at the installation which is intolerable and requires
retrospective action.
 When CIE MOD directs improvements on safety grounds.
 When building refurbishment or modification is being carried out.
 When the installation fails to pass the periodic inspection or test and it is more
economic to replace all or part of the installation than to rectify the defects.

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  When the installation is inadequate for meeting the purpose for which the
building is being used due to insufficient power capacity or illumination levels.
 When the installation has reached the end of its economic life.
 Where it has been highlighted through a near miss or realized event .
Provided installations pass periodic inspections and tests, and comply with the
version of this document or regulations that were in force at the time of
installation, it is considered that they are adequate for continued use and not
unsafe. However, any extensive work on the electrical system or Lightning
Protection System (LPS) should warrant an upgrade to the latest standard.
Installing electrical apparatus with several wire
Information Sheet-7 (green/yellow) for protection

Installing the Fixture

Cut openings for the wiring. Cut openings into the ceiling, or wall surfaces for the
boxes, for the switch(es), and for the fixture support by first tracing around the box on
the wall or ceiling surface.[6] Be sure to match the switch box height to those in the rest
of your home.
 If a fixture is to be installed in the ceiling, the box should be a 4" octagon
box. It is important to note that even if a small light fixture is planned to be installed
here, consider installing a fan-rated box, as a paddle fan might be installed here in the
future.
 If installing recessed light fixtures, no box is installed as a wiring
compartment is provided on the fixture itself. The open to be cut in the ceiling is
provided by the template included with the fixture by most manufacturers or by tracing
around the rough-in housing opening.
1. Install the wiring. Install the Romex or other cable between the power source
and boxes in the voids of the walls, ceilings, and floors with a snake or fish tape. [7] After
determining there is enough ampacity in the circuit to support the additional load, extend
wiring of the same size from the power source to the switch and fixture locations. If
running a new circuit directly from the electrical panel, the new wire should be sized
according to the fuse or circuit breaker size.

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 2. Make sure your wiring is up to code. National Electrical Code Requirements
for wiring need to be followed closely when you're installing a new fixture. When you're
selecting wire for the job, make sure it fits the following constraints:

 A wire smaller than #14 copper is not permitted for power wiring. Smaller
wires (#28 through #16) are permitted for low voltage applications such as thermostats
and zone valves in gas & oil fired heating systems, door bells and buttons, alarm
systems, telephones, networking, etc. These wires never enter electrical panels.
 A 15 amp circuit breaker or fuse should have no less than a #14 gauge
copper wire connected. A 15 amp circuit is designed to safely carry up to 12
amps continuously on a #14 copper wire. Intermittent loads of up to 15 amps can be
carrier for up to several hours.[8] If the load of any device or appliance is greater than 12
amps, a larger size wire and circuit breaker is required.
 A 20 amp circuit breaker or fuse should have no less than a #12 gauge
copper wire connected. A 20 amp circuit is designed to safely carry up to 16
amps continuously on a 2.5mm copper wire.[9] Intermittent loads of up to 20 amps can
be carrier for up to several hours. If the load of any device or appliance is greater than
16 amps, a larger wire and circuit breaker is required.
3. Connect the devices as shown in the diagram that matches your
application. If you'd prefer to follow detailed instructions to wire the fixture to just two 3-
way switches, please see the 3-way switch wiki.

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 EARTHING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Earthing
Earthing is a connection system between the metallic parts of an electrical wiring
system and the general mass of the earth. This will provide an path with a low
impedence or resistance to earth to enable the protection system to operate
effectively. It will thus ensure safety to human beings/consumers from the dangers
of electric shocks if earth leakage currents are present. In general, an electrical
installation is earthed because of: -
i. Safety reasons.
ii. Protection system requirements.
iii. Need to limit over voltages.
iv. Need to provide a path for electrical discharge.
v. Legal requirements
Classification of Earthing

Generally, earthing can be divided into 2 parts, namely: -

i. System Earthing

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 a. To isolate the system under fault conditions;

b. To limit the potential difference between conductors which are

Not insulated in an area;

c. To limit the occurrence of over voltages under various

Conditions.

ii. Equipment Earthing

Equipment earthing is undertaken to protect humanbeings/consumers. If a live source

comes into contact with the equipment body, electrical energy will flow to the earth,
without flowing through the human being/ consumer‘s body. This is because of the fact
that the human body has a greater resistance compared with the resistance to earth.

Types and Functions of Earthing Accessories

Earthing accessories are as follows: -

i. Earthing Electrode

Copper jacketed steel core rods are used as electrodes for domestic wiring.

ii. Equipotential Bonding

This is the conductor which is connected between the consumer earthing point and the
exposed metallic part. The minimum cable size for this purpose is 10 mm2.

iii. Protection Conductor

This is the conductor which connects the consumer earthing point with other parts of the
installation which needs earthing. Its size is as follows:-

a) Same size as the phase cable up to a size of 16mm2,

b) 16 mm2, if the phase cable size is between 16 mm2, and 35 mm2,

c) Half the size of the phase cable if the size of the phase cable exceeds 35 mm2.

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 Earthing Arrangements Using aTT System

i. The first alphabet indicates the earthing arrangements from the supply side.

ii. The second alphabet indicates the earthing arrangement in the consumer‘s
installation.

T – First: Indicates that the supply system has its own earthing arrangements

T – Second: Indicates that all metallic frames of the electrical appliances, etc. are
connected directly to earth.

The earthing arrangement using a TT system is as shown in.

Earth Electrode

Installation

Parts that are Required to be Earthed

i. All metallic structures in the wiring system (non current carrying) such

as metallic covers, conduits, ducts, the armour of catenary wires,

etc.;

ii. A secondary winding point in a transformer; and

iii. Frame of metal roof truss

Parts that are not Required to be Earthed

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 i. Short, isolated metallic parts for mechanical protection of cables

which have non metallic sheaths other than conduits which are

connected at entry points between the building and conduits which

protect discharge lamp cables;

ii. Cable clips for installing cables;

iii. Metallic covers for lamps;

iv. Small metallic parts such as screws and name plates which are

isolated by means of insulation;

v. Metallic lamp parts for filament lamps in water proof floors.

Termination to Earth

The termination to earth is done as shown in Figure 7.2

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 BUILDING ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
LEVEL II

Learning Guide-1

Unit of Competence: Install Electrical

Apparatus

Module Title: Installing Electrical Apparatus

LG Code: EIS BEI2 M08 LO1-LG-01

TTLM Code: EIS BEI2 M08 TTLM 0219v1

LO 1: Plan and Prepare

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 Instruction Sheet Plan and Prepare

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:

 Planning & preparing installation to ensure OH&S policies and procedures

 sequencing work appropriately

 consulting appropriate personnel to ensure the work

 checking Apparatus

 Obtaining apparatus with established procedures

 Determining location of apparatus from job requirements

 Obtaining necessary materials to complete the work

 Obtaining Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry out the installation work

 Checking safety preparatory work to ensure no unnecessary damage

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Plan & prepare installation to ensure OH&S policies and procedures

 sequence work appropriately

 consulate appropriate personnel to ensure the work

 check Apparatus

 obtain apparatus with established procedures

 Determine location of apparatus from job requirements

 obtain necessary materials to complete the work

 Obtain Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry out the installation work

 Check safety preparatory work to ensure no unnecessary damage

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 Learning Instructions:
14. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
15. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
16. Read the information written in the information ―Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet
4‖.
17. Accomplish the ―Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4‖ in page
-6, 9, 12 and 14 respectively.
18. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the ―Self-check‖ proceed to ―Operation
Sheet 1, Operation Sheet 2 and Operation Sheet 3 ‖ in page -15.
19. Do the ―LAP test‖ in page – 16 (if you are ready).

Information Sheet-1 Undertaking final inspections

1.1 Introduction Undertaking final inspections

Electrical testing

The electrical contractor is charged with a responsibility to carry out a number of tests
on an electrical installation and electrical equipment. The individual tests are dealt with
in Part 6 of the IEE Regulations and described later in this chapter.

The reasons for testing the installation are:

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 ● to ensure that the installation complies with the Regulations,
● to ensure that the installation meets the specification,
● to ensure that the installation is safe to use.
Those who are to carry out the electrical tests must first consider the following safety
factors:

● An assessment of safe working practice must be made before testing begins.

● All safety precautions must be put in place before testing begins.
● Everyone must be notified that the test process is about to take place, for example
the client and other workers who may be affected by the tests.
● ‗ Permits-to-Work ‘ must be obtained where relevant.
● All sources of information relevant to the tests have been obtained.

● The relevant circuits and equipment have been identified.

● Safe isolation procedures have been carried out – care must be exercised here,
in occupied premises, not to switch off computer system switch out first obtaining
permission.

● Those who are to carry out the tests are competent to do so.

The electrical contractor is charged by the IEE Regulations for Electrical Installations to
test all new installations and major extensions during erection and upon completion
before being put into service. The contractor may also be called upon to test
installations and equipment in order to identify and remove faults. These requirements
imply the use of appropriate test instruments, and in order to take accurate readings
consideration should be given to the following points:

 Is the instrument suitable for this test?

 Have the correct scales been selected?
 Is the test instrument correctly connected to the circuit?
Many commercial instruments are capable of making more than one test or have a
range of scales to choose from. A range selector switch is usually used to choose the

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 appropriate scale. A scale range should be chosen which suits the range of the current,
voltage or resistance being measured.
For example, when taking a reading in the 8 or 9 V range the obvious scale
Inspection and testing techniques

The testing of an installation implies the use of instruments to obtain readings. However,
a test is unlikely to identify a cracked socket outlet, a chipped or loose switch plate, a
missing conduit-box lid or saddle, so it is also necessary to make a visual inspection of
the installation .All new installations must be inspected and tested during erection and
upon completion before being put into service. All existing installations should be
periodically inspected and tested to ensure that they are safe

and meet the regulations of the IEE The method used to test an installation may inject a
current into the system. This current must not cause danger to any person or equipment
in contact with the installation, even if the circuit being tested is faulty. The test results
must be compared with any relevant data, including the IEE Regulation tables, and the
test procedures must be followed carefully and in the correct sequence, as indicated.
This ensures that the protective conductors are correctly connected and secure before
the circuit is energized.

VISUAL INSPECTION

The installation must be visually inspected before testing begins. The aim of the visual
inspection is to confirm that all equipment and accessories are undamaged and comply
with the relevant British and European Standards, and also that the installation has
been securely and correctly The aim of the visual inspection is to confirm that all
equipment and accessories are undamaged and comply with the relevant British and
European Standards, and also that the installation has been securely and correctly
erected.

Regulation 611.3 gives a checklist for the initial visual inspection of an installation,
including:

● connection of conductors;

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 ● Identification of conductors;
● routing of cables in safe zones;
● Selection of conductors for current carrying capacity and volt drop;
● Connection of single-pole devices for protection or switching in phase conductors
only;
● Correct connection of socket outlets, lamp holders, accessories and equipment;
● Presence of fire barriers, suitable seals and protection against thermal effects;
● Methods of ‗Basic protection ‘ against electric shock, including the insulation of live
parts and placement of live parts out of reach by fitting appropriate barriers and
enclosures;
● Methods of ‗Fault Protection ‘ against electric shock including the presence of
earthling conductors for both protective bonding and supplementary bonding.

 prevention of detrimental influences (e.g. corrosion);

 presence of appropriate devices for isolation and switching;
 presence of under voltage protection devices;
 choice and setting of protective devices;
 labeling of circuits, fuses, switches and terminals;
 selection of equipment and protective measures appropriate to external
influences;
 adequate access to switchgear and equipment;
 presence of danger notices and other warning notices;
 presence of diagrams, instructions and similar information;
 appropriate erection method
The checklist is a guide, it is not exhaustive or detailed, and should be used to identify
relevant items for inspection, which can then be expanded upon.
For example, the first item on the checklist, connection of conductors, might be further
expanded to include the following:
 Are connections secure?
 Are connections correct? (conductor identification)
 Is the cable adequately supported so that no strain is placed on the connections?

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  Does the outer sheath enter the accessory?
 Is the insulation undamaged?
 Does the insulation proceed up to but not into the connection?

1.1.2 Summary of the condition of the installation

The summary should adequately describe the general condition of the installation in
terms of electrical safety, taking into account the specific observations made. It is
essential to provide a clear summary of the condition of the installation having
considered, for example:
• The adequacy of the earthling and bonding arrangements
• The suitability of the consumer unit and other control equipment
• The type(s) of wiring system, and its condition
• The serviceability of equipment, including accessories
• The presence of adequate identification and notices
• The extent of any wear and tear, damage or other deterioration
• Changes in use of the premises that have led to, or might lead to, deficiencies in the
installation.
Minimal descriptions such as ‗poor‘, and superficial statements such as ‗recommend a
rewire‘, are considered unacceptable as they do not indicate the true condition of an
installation. It will often be necessary or appropriate to explain the implications of an
electrical installation condition report in a covering letter, for the benefit of recipients
who require additional advice and guidance about their installation.

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1. The reasons for testing the installation are:(5point)

A. to ensure that the installation complies with the Regulations,

B. to ensure that the installation meets the specification,
C. to ensure that the installation is safe to use
D. all
2.Checklist for the initial visual inspection of an installation,(5 points)

A. identification of conductors;

B. routing of cables in safe zones;

C. selection of conductors for current carrying capacity and volt drop

D. all

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

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Author/Copyright Building electrical installation level II September 2019
 Preparing work accomplishment report
Information Sheet- 2

2.1 Introduction of Prepare work accomplishment report

Every work must be Prepare work accomplishment report to an employer and minor
accidents reported to a supervisor, safety officer or first aider and the details of the
accident and treatment given suitably documented.
 The report should also include the following information:
 your name
 the address of the property to be inspected
 reason for the inspection
 the date of inspection
 the scope of the inspection
 a list of any area or item that wasn't inspected, the reasons why it wasn't
inspected and if necessary, a recommendation for further investigation
 a summary of the overall condition of the property
 a list of any significant problems that need fixing
 if necessary, a recommendation that a further inspection or assessment be
carried out by a suitably accredited specialist, e.g. pest inspector, electricity supply
authority, water supply authority, structural engineer, geotechnical engineer,
surveyor or solicitor.
 The summary
The summary is possibly the most important part of the report. It should give you a brief
summary of the major faults found in the property and its overall condition considering its age
and type

2.2 Type of Prepare work accomplishment report

1. An Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR)

2. Accident reports

1. An Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR) will provide a full summary of

the condition of the electrics in your home and determine whether it complies with the
current .It will record a number of observations in line with BS 7671 and make various
recommendations where improvement may be necessary or beneficial to improving
safety in your home. Once the EICR is completed the registered contractor will provide
you with a certificate outlining the overall condition of the electrical installation.
Generally, an EICR will provide coding against the condition of the installation. The
classification codes are as follows:

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  Code C1 - This code should indicates that danger exists, requiring immediate remedial
action. The persons using the installation are at immediate risk.
 Code C2 - This code indicates that, whilst an observed deficiency is not considered to
be dangerous at the time of the inspection, it could become a real and immediate
danger if a fault or other foreseeable event was to occur in the installation or
connected equipment.
 Code C3 - This code indicates that, whilst an observed deficiency is not considered to
be a source of immediate or potential danger, improvement would contribute to a
significant enhancement of the safety of the electrical installation. You are under no
obligation to have any of the issues fixed, though it is recommended that corrective action
to rectify any C1 and C2s is completed as soon as possible. If you do

The purpose of a condition report

An electrical Condition Report is a periodic test and inspection of an electrical installation.
The purpose of the report is to check the condition of an installation, detecting and
recording any factors that might affect safety. One of the reasons a report of this kind is
necessary is to determine that the installation has not deteriorated or been damaged over
time. An electrical condition report will determine the following aspects:

 how safe the installation is for the protection of people against electric shocks
and burns
 the potential for fire and heat damage arising from electrical defects.
 check that the installation has not become unsafe through deterioration or
damage
 check for defects or evidence of non- compliance with current regulations which
may be dangerous
The NICEIC recommend that the installation of domestic properties are
periodically inspected and tested every 10 years, however there may be other reasons
why an inspection would need to be carried out more often, including:

 The age of the installation (over time, the condition of an electrical installation
can deteriorate)
 Environmental factors (external locations for example, can affect the speed of
deterioration and lead to corrosion of electrics)
 Damage to the installation (through vandalism for example)
 Type of property (caravan parks and swimming pools for example, should be
tested annually)
 Use of property (change of occupancy for rental for example)
 Changes in legislations
 general concerns the occupant may have regarding the install
2. Accident reports
Every accident must be reported to an employer and minor accidents reported to a
supervisor, safety officer or first aider and the details of the accident and treatment

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 given suitably documented. A first aid logbook or accident book such as that shown in
containing first aid treatment record sheets could be used to effectively document
accidents which occurring the workplace and the treatment given. Failure to do so may
influence the payment of compensation at a later date if an injury leads to permanent
disability. To comply with the Data Protection Regulations,

If the accident results in death, serious injury or an injury that leads to an absence from
work of more than 3 days, then your employer must report the accident to the local
office of the HSE. . They will require the following information:The name of the person
injured.

●A summary of what happened.

●A summary of events prior to the accident.
●Information about the injury or loss sustained.
●Details of witnesses.
●Date and time of accident.
●Name of the person reporting the incident.
The Incident Control Centre will forward a copy of every report they complete to the
employer for them to check and hold on record. However, good practice would
recommend an employer or his representative make an extensive report of any serious
accident that occurs in the workplace. In addition to recording the above information, the
employer or his representative should
2.3 Factors affecting the report
There are certain conditions you should be aware of that will affect the final report. These
include:
 problems that are difficult to detect due to weather or other conditions such as
rising damp and leaks
 the information you provide to the consultant
 the specific areas of the consultant's 'expertise' as specified in the report
 problems that may have been deliberately covered up to make an area
appear problem free.
It may be difficult to detect leaks and other problems if services, such as water, have not
been used for some time. For example, if the shower has not been used recently, leaks
or dampness may not be obvious

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 Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1. _________________Type of Prepare work accomplishment report (3 points)

B. An Electrical Installation
Condition Report (EICR)
C. Accident reports
D. all
2.EICR means(3point)

A .Electrical Installation Condition Report.

B. Electrical Installation Report Condition.

C. Electrical Condition Installation Report.

D. Electrical Condition Report Installation.

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions

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 BUILDING ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
LEVEL II

Learning Guide-1

Unit of Competence: Install Electrical

Apparatus

Module Title: Installing Electrical Apparatus

LG Code: EIS BEI2 M08 LO1-LG-01

TTLM Code: EIS BEI2 M08 TTLM 0219v1

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 LO 1: Plan and Prepare
Instruction Sheet Plan and Prepare

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:

 Planning & preparing installation to ensure OH&S policies and procedures

 sequencing work appropriately

 consulting appropriate personnel to ensure the work

 checking Apparatus

 Obtaining apparatus with established procedures

 Determining location of apparatus from job requirements

 Obtaining necessary materials to complete the work

 Obtaining Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry out the installation work

 Checking safety preparatory work to ensure no unnecessary damage

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Plan & prepare installation to ensure OH&S policies and procedures

 sequence work appropriately

 consulate appropriate personnel to ensure the work

 check Apparatus

 obtain apparatus with established procedures

 Determine location of apparatus from job requirements

 obtain necessary materials to complete the work

 Obtain Tools, equipment and testing devices to carry out the installation work

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  Check safety preparatory work to ensure no unnecessary damage

Learning Instructions:
20. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
21. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
22. Read the information written in the information ―Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet
4‖.
23. Accomplish the ―Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4‖ in page
-6, 9, 12 and 14 respectively.
24. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the ―Self-check‖ proceed to ―Operation
Sheet 1, Operation Sheet 2 and Operation Sheet 3 ‖ in page -15.
25. Do the ―LAP test‖ in page – 16 (if you are ready).

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 Information Sheet-1 Clearing Work area and disposing of, reusing or recycling
materials

1.1 Introduction of Disposing and storing waste materials

1.1.1 Storing Materials
The Contractor shall supply, erect, maintain and clear away on completion, suitable
workshops, storerooms, offices and sheds as necessary for the sub-contract works. All
materials are to be stored in a manner to avoid damage and/or deterioration thereto.
1.1.2 Waste Disposal
The regular collection, grading and sorting of scrap contribute to good housekeeping practices. It
also makes it possible to separate materials that can be recycled from those going to waste
disposal facilities.

Allowing material to build up on the floor wastes time and energy since additional time is
required for cleaning it up. Placing scrap containers near where the waste is produced encourages
orderly waste disposal and makes collection easier. All waste receptacles should be clearly
labeled (e.g., recyclable glass, plastic, scrap metal, etc.)

1.2 The Importance of Proper Waste Disposal

 Home → environmental cleanup → The Importance of Proper Waste
Disposal
Proper waste disposal is critical due to the fact that certain types of wastes can be hazardous and
can contaminate the environment if not handled properly. These types of waste also have the
potential to cause disease or get into water supplies. There are rules and regulations in place for
how specific types of waste should be disposed of. Following them allows for toxic waste to be
safely discarded without the risk of environmental contamination.

 Proper Waste Disposal and the Government

The majority of the laws associated with waste disposal are regulated and enforced by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The general health of the public . This Act is what
gave the EPA the necessary authority to monitor hazardous waste disposal.

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  Proper Waste Disposal and Environmental Health
Hazardous wastes that are not properly disposed of can leak and contaminate soil and water,
which can lead to issues with both the environment and human health. Burning the wrong types
of waste can release gases into the atmosphere. When waste is properly discarded, special liners
are used to prevent toxic chemicals from leaking out and precautions are taken so that any
methane related to burning trash is safely contained.

 Proper Waste Disposal and Public Health

When waste is disposed of properly, it helps to prevent additional pollution which can improve
public health. Polluted air increases the risk of respiratory illness. Waste that is properly disposed
of has a lesser chance of getting into the water supply and causing illness. In the 1980s, there was
an incident in New Jersey in which unregulated dumping led to a chromium poisoning epidemic
in a local school

1.3 PRINCIPLES OF Disposing and storing waste materials

Proper waste disposal begins with good waste management by the researcher,
including

 minimum waste generation

 reusing surplus materials, and

 recycling of appropriate (i.e., uncontaminated) waste.

The generated waste must be properly collected and stored, paying close attention to
labeling, segregating according to chemical compatibility, and accumulating in a well-
ventilated location. This location should be well labeled. Other laboratory waste items
such as sharps and glass must also be disposed of with care in appropriately labeled
and compatible containers.

1.4 PROCEDUREOF Disposing and storing waste materials

1. Waste Management

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 1. Users should make an effort to keep waste to a minimum. The best way to do so
is by reducing the scale of operation, which minimizes the quantity of waste generated.
Whenever possible, chemicals used should be substituted with less hazardous
chemicals.

2. Chemical quantities should be kept to a minimum. Store only what will be used in
the near term.

3. Besides preventing or minimizing waste generation, chemicals should be

recycled or recovered for reuse.

4. When waste is generated, it must be disposed of properly. Sink disposal may not
always be appropriate and may end contaminating drinking water. Alternative methods
of disposal should be considered including incineration, treatment, and land disposal.
The institute's EHS office should be consulted to determine the proper disposal method
for different waste types.

2. Waste Collection and Storage

1. When generating or managing any chemical waste, appropriate personal

protective equipment (PPE) must be worn, and engineering controls should be
implemented as necessary.

2. Collect and store chemical waste at or near the point of generation in a

designated satellite accumulation area. This accumulation area should be well marked
for easy identification.

3. Chemical waste must be stored in compatible containers with closed and

properly fitted caps.

4. Waste containers must be labeled mentioning chemical compositions, the

accumulation start date, and hazard warnings as appropriate. The institute's EHS office
typically provides these required labels.

5. Incompatible waste types should not be mixed and should be kept separate in
order to avoid any reaction, heat generation, and/or gas evolution.

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 6. Waste containers should be stored in secondary containers in a ventilated, cool,
and dry area.

7. In the central accumulation area, waste containers should be grounded to avoid

fire and explosion hazards.

8. Trained laboratory researchers who are most familiar with the waste generated
should work with EHS to ensure proper waste management.

3. Sharps Disposal - Syringes and Needles

1. Chemically contaminated needles, syringes, and razor blades should be

disposed of inside a proper sharps container.

2. Syringes or needles must never be disposed of in a laboratory waste bin or a

general waste container.

4. Glass Recycling

1. Recycling glass is friendly to the environment as it reduces pollution caused by

the waste ending up in landfill sites. Every laboratory should have a separate recycling
bin dedicated to glass.

2. Clean empty glass bottles and broken glassware may be recycled. To clean an
empty glass bottle, it must be "triple rinsed" with water or another suitable solvent and
air-dried before disposal.

3. Chemically contaminated laboratory glassware such as sample tubes, droppers,

and glass wool must be disposed of as controlled waste.

1.5 Six Waste Disposal Methods

1. Preventing or reducing waste generation: Extensive use of new or unnecessary products is

the root cause of unchecked waste formation.

2. Recycling: serves to transform the wastes into products of their own genre through industrial
processing. Paper, conduit, wires, and plastics are commonly recycled. It is environmentally

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 friendly to reuse the wastes instead of adding them to nature. However, processing
technologies are pretty expensive.

3. Incineration: Incineration features combustion of wastes to transform them into base

components, with the generated heat being trapped for deriving energy lines

4. Composting: It involves decomposition of organic wastes by microbes by allowing the waste

to stay accumulated in a pit for a long period of time

5. Sanitary Landfill: This involves the dumping of wastes into a landfill. The base is prepared
of a protective lining, which serves as a barrier between wastes and ground water, and prevents
the separation of toxic chemicals into the water zone. Waste layers are subjected to compaction
and subsequently coated with an earth layer. Soil that is non-porous is preferred to mitigate the
vulnerability of accidental leakage of toxic chemicals.

6. Disposal in ocean/sea: Wastes generally of radioactive nature are dumped in the oceans far
from active human habitats. However, environmentalists are challenging this method, as such an
action is believed to spell doom for aquatic life by depriving the ocean waters of its inherent
nutrient.

Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1.The important o f disposing and storing waste material.(3 points)

A .environmental cleanup C. Proper Waste Disposal and the Government

B. Proper Waste Disposal and Environmental Health
D. all

2.List out the procedure of disposing and storing waste material.(5 points)

3.the principles of Disposing and storing waste materials(2point)

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 A. recycle ling of appropriate B refusing of surplus material C .all
Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions

Cleaning, checking maintaining and storing plant, tools

Information Sheet- 2
& equipment
2.1 Concepts of Maintaining plant, tools & equipment

2.1.1 Maintenance

Electrical maintenance covers all aspects of testing, monitoring, fixing, and replacing
elements of an electrical system. Usually performed by a licensed professional with a
complete knowledge of the National Electric Code and local regulations, electrical
maintenance covers areas as diverse as

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 2.1.2 Plant and equipment maintenance

Maintenance on plant and equipment is carried out to prevent problems arising, to put faults
right, and to ensure equipment is working effectively.

Maintenance may be part of a planned programmed or may have to be carried out at short notice
after a breakdown. It always involves non-routine activities and can expose those involved (and
others) to a range of risks.

2.1.3Maintaining plant, equipment

Maintenance of Electrical Equipment In Buildings (photo credit: Critical Power Testing

and Maintenance, LLC. - cptam.com)
While it is appreciated that breakdown of plant may result in costly interruption of normal
building operation, it must also be borne in mind that stopping plant for maintenance canalso
cause a loss in production.
Equipment on continuous and arduous duty, e.g. switchboards, motor control centers (MCCs),
air-handling units, chiller plant etc., require more attention than that which is lightly loaded and
rarely used

2.2 Important maintenance of plant and equipment

An effective maintenance programmed will make plant and equipment more reliable. Fewer
breakdowns will mean less dangerous contact with machinery is required, as well as having the
cost benefits of better productivity and efficiency.

Additional hazards can occur when machinery becomes unreliable and develops faults.
Maintenance allows these faults to be diagnosed early to manage any risks. However,
maintenance needs to be correctly planned and carried out. Unsafe maintenance has caused many
fatalities and serious injuries either during the maintenance or to those using the badly
maintained or wrongly maintained/repaired equipment

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 2.3 Steps of maintenance of plant and equipment

1. Standardization of Equipment

The use as far as possible of standard items such as switchgear will help both in
buying, stockholding and replacement of components on the most economic and
convenient basis

2. Establishment of Records on Breakdown

Initially this may be on a simple log book or card system. This information should give
some idea of which plant requires attention and at what intervals. It may also lead to
improvements to the plant itself which will reduce the frequency of future failures.

3. Frequency of Maintenance

This requires careful organization to ensure that it fits in with operational requirements.
All planned maintenance should therefore have been agreed with the relevant
operation manager-prior-to-implementation.
4. Economic of Routine Maintenance

It may not be economic or practical to include some equipment in a scheduled routine although
safety inspections will still need to be carried out

5. Upgrading to More Efficient Plant

Energy saving can be achieved by changing the type of equipment in use, for example:

1. Replacement of less efficient

lamps with more energy efficient lamps.
2. Replacing electro-mechanical
control devices to electronic systems.
3. Installing new high efficiency
motors to replace old motors particularly where extended duty operations prevail.

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 4. Retrofitting VSDs for flow control
of fans or pumps.
The economics of changing inefficient existing systems, which are continuing to provide a
satisfactory operational performance, obviously requires careful consideration. Not only the
costs of new equipment need to be understood, but also equipment life can have a
significant impact on the overall financial viability of any proposed changes

6.Emergency Maintenance

The emergency maintenance can hardly be regarded as maintenance in the sense that, in many
cases, it consists of an urgent repair to, or replacement of, electrical equipment that has ceased
to function effectively

7.Planned Maintenance

In the use of electrical plant and equipment there are obviously sources of danger recognized
in the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations.

These regulations are mandatory and serve to ensure that all electrical plants and equipment are
adequately maintained and tested to prevent any dangerous situation arising that could harm the
users of such equipment or the building occupants

2.1.1 type of Maintenance

 Time Based Maintenance (TBM)

 Failure Finding Maintenance (FFM)

 Risk Based Maintenance (RBM)

 Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)

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  Predictive Maintenance (PDM)

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 Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1 .Electrical maintenance covers(2point)
A .testing B .fixing
C. replacing D. all
2.Maintanance of electrical equipment in building (2point)
A .photo credit B. critical power testing
C. maintenance of LLC D. all
3.Explain the steps of maintenance of Maintaining plant, tools & equipment(2point)
4.What is Important maintenance of plant and equipment?(2point)
5 Why is maintenance of plant and equipment important?(2point)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below5points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions

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 Operation Sheet 1 Clean up

PURPOSE: To enable trainees develop skill how to clean up the work Project

PROCEDURE:
step1. supply first of all safety requirement
step2. Supply materials and tools cleaning
step3. Supply materials and tools in the in the bill of quantity

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 LAP Test Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions: Given necessary templates/guides, workshop, tools and materials you

are required to perform the following tasks within 2:30 hours.

Task 1: Using the given template, Report is done to relevant people those necessary
variations to the planned programmed of work

Task 2: Using the given template Perform The appropriate action is sought from the
relevant people

Task 3: Using a given template, completing OHS procedures and regulations are
observed throughout the process of installation

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 No Name of trainer Qualification Region

1 RehmaMuluneh Electrical control Engineering (BSc) Addis Abeba rehmam

2 SalahadinHussien Electrical control and automation (BSc) Addis Abeba salahadi

3 Elias Getachew Electrical control and automation (MSc) Addis Abeba get.elias

4 Mesfin Bekele Electrical control and automation (BSc) Addis Abeba mesfin84

5 RahelOuma Electronics & communication (MSc) Somalia raheloum

6 GetinetMelkie Electrical Electronics (MSc) Somalia melkiege

7 ZenebeShiferawu Construction Technology (BSc) Dire dewa zeadesh

8 TewodrosYossef Electrical Engineering (BSc) Benshangul tedyo05@

9 ZelalemTaye Educational Leadership (MA) Amhara tayezela

10 AddisuWedajo Vocational management (MA) Amhara addalvy2

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 These learning Guides are prepared by:-

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