Chetan Petroleum Task2
Chetan Petroleum Task2
Primary oil recovery refers to the process of extracting oil either via the natural rise
of hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth or via pump jacks and other artificial lift
devices.
*Since this technique only targets the oil, which is either susceptible to its release or
accessible to the pump jack, this is very limited in its extraction potential.
*In fact, only around 5% - 15% of the well’s potential are recovered from the
primary method.
*the distillation of the feedstock into its basic fractions, and then the re-distillation of
these in separate towers into highly concentrated intermediates.
*In a simple refinery, the split would probably consist of six basic cuts: petroleum
gas (refinery gas and LPG),gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and residue.
*The purpose of primary unit is to separate the crude into different fractions by
distillation Know as mother unit of the refinery,(CDU) , (VDU),(AVU)
Secondary Oil Recovery:-
*This method involves the injection of gas or water, which will displace the oil, force
it to move from its resting place and bring it to the surface.
*This is typically successful in targeting an additional 30% of the oil’s reserves,
though the figure could be more or less depending on the oil and of the rock
surrounding it.
*After crude oil is separated into its fractions, each stream is further converted by
changing the size and structure of molecules through cracking, reforming and other
conversion processes.
*to remove any impurities and undesirable constituents from the distilled fractions.*
to convert some of the distilled hydrocarbons into different molecular forms. to
improve product quality.
*to improve the refinery profit margins by converting low value heavy ends to high
value products like LPG/ gasoline/ kerosenel diesel.
Classify crude oil based on hydrocarbon content.:-
hydrocarbon composition (paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics) are used to classify crude oils, using a
ternary diagram, shown in Figure
An flammable bituminous oily liquid that may vary from almost colorless to black,
occurs in many places in the upper strata of the earth, is a complex mixture of
hydrocarbons with small amounts of other substances, and is prepared for use as
gasoline, naphtha, or other products by various refining processes.
Paraffins are the most common hydrocarbons in crude oil; certain liquid paraffins are
the major constituents of gasoline (petrol) and are therefore highly valued.
Naphthenes are an important part of all liquid refinery products, but they also form
some of the heavy asphalt like residues of refinery processes. Aromatics generally
constitute only a small percentage of most crudes. The most common aromatic in
crude oil is benzene, a popular building block in the petrochemical industry.