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Reactor in Series: F F FX F F FX F F FX

This document provides information on reactor configurations including continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and plug flow reactors (PFR) connected in series and parallel. It includes equations to calculate conversion, flow rates, and reactor volumes for different reactor setups. It also provides a tutorial problem asking to calculate volumes and conversions for various reactor configurations based on given rate data for a gas decomposition reaction.

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94 views4 pages

Reactor in Series: F F FX F F FX F F FX

This document provides information on reactor configurations including continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and plug flow reactors (PFR) connected in series and parallel. It includes equations to calculate conversion, flow rates, and reactor volumes for different reactor setups. It also provides a tutorial problem asking to calculate volumes and conversions for various reactor configurations based on given rate data for a gas decomposition reaction.

Uploaded by

نزار الدهامي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 4

Reactor in Series
As for Example the relationships between conversion and molar flow
rates for the reactor sequence shown in the figure below are given by the
following equation:
FA 1  FA 0  FA 0 X 1
FA 2  FA 0  FA 0 X 2
FA 3  FA 0  FA 0 X 3

X=0 X=1
V1
FA0 FA1
V2
X=2 X=3
V3
FA2 FA3

Where
total moles of A reacted up to point 2
X2
mole of A fed to first reactor
Similar definitions exist for X1 and X3
A mole balance on species A for the CSTR in the middle gives
in  out  generation  0
FA 1  FA 2  rA 2V 2  0
Re arranging gives us
F F
V 2  A1 A 2
 rA 2
The corresponding rate of reaction –rA2 is evaluated at the
conversion X2 substituting for FA1 and FA2 yields
FA 0  X 2  X 1 
V2  .....1
rA 2
In case of PFR as shown in figure below:
X=0 X=1
V1
FA0 FA1
X=2
V2
FA2

X2 X1 X
dX dX 2
dX

0
 rA
 
0

rA X 1  rA

1
Lecture 4

Stoichiometric Table
For the chemical reaction
aA  bB 
 cC  dD
We again take A as our basis of calculation and divide through by the
stoichiometric coefficient of A:
b c d
A B 
 C D
a a a

1- For Batch System


We take NA0 as the number of moles of A initially present in the reactor.
N A  N A 0  N A 0X  N A 0  1  X 
To determine the number of moles of each species remaining after NA0X
moles of A have reacted, we form the stoichiometric table as shown
below. In this stoichiometric table the following information is presented:

Column 1: the particular species


Column 2: the number of moles of each species initially present
Column 3: the change in the number of moles brought about the reaction
Column 4: the number of moles remaining in the system at time t

Species Initially Change Remaining


(mole) (mole) (mole)
A NA0   N A 0X  N A  N A 0  N A 0X
B NB0 
b
 N A 0X  N B  N B0 
b
N A 0X
a a
C NC0 c
 N A 0X 
c
N C  N C 0  N A 0X
a a
D ND0 d
 N A 0X 
d
N D  N D 0  N A 0X
a a
I(Inerts) NI0 ------ NI=NI0
NT0 d c b 
N T  N T 0      1 N A 0 X
a a a 

d c b 
The stoichiometric coefficients in parentheses     1 represent the
a a a 
increase in the total number of moles per mole of A reacted. Since this
term occurs often in our calculations it is given the symbol  , i. e.:
d c b
   1
a a a
The total number of moles can now be calculated from the equation
N T  N T 0   N A 0X

2
Lecture 4

The concentration of A is the number of moles of A per unit volume


NA
CA 
V
From the stoichiometric table the moles of A, B, C, and D are
NA N A 0 1 X 
CA  
V V
N N B 0   b a  N A 0X
CB  B 
V V
N N C 0   c a  N A 0X
CC  C 
V V
N N D 0   d a  N A 0X
CD  D 
V V
We further simplify these equations by defining the parameter i , which
allows us to factor NA0 in each of the expressions for concentration
N i 0 Ci 0 y
i    i0
N A0 CA0 y A0
N A 0  B   b a  X 
C B 
V
N A 0 C   c a  X 
CC 
V
N A 0  D   d a  X 
CD 
V

For constant volume batch reactor V=V0

N A N A 0  1 X 
CA    C A 0  1 X 
V V
N A 0  B   b a  X 
CB   C A 0  B   b a  X 
V
N A 0 C   c a  X 
CC   C A 0 C   c a  X 
V
N A 0  D   d a  X 
CD   C A 0  D   d a  X 
V

3
Lecture 4

Tutorial Sheet

Q1) We consider the isothermal gaseous decomposition reaction


A    3B
The laboratory measurements given in table below show the chemical
reaction rate as a function of conversion. The temperature was 149oC, the
total pressure 10atm, and the initial charge an equimolar mixture of A and
inerts, the volumetric flow rate is 6dm3/s.
X 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85
 rA
0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.001
 mol / dm .s 
3

Calculate, for 80% conversion


1- The volume of CSTR.
2- The volume of two CSTR connected in series, 40% converted in
first reactor.
3- The volume of two CSTR connected in parallel.
4- The volume of PFR.
5- The volume of two PFR connected in series, 40% converted in first
reactor.
6- The total volume of CSTR followed by PFR.
7- The total volume of PFR followed by CSTR.
8- Repeat all branched above for the calculated volumes plus 100litter
of each reactor, then calculate the final conversion

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