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    The General Mole Balance Equation: DN F G F DT

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    نزار الدهامي
    1) The document discusses the general mole balance equation for performing mole balances on any chemical system. It defines key terms like system boundaries and volume. 2) The general mole balance equation accounts for the rates of flow and generation of a species into and out of the system as well as the rate of accumulation within the system. 3) The document provides the specific mole balance equations that apply to different reactor types like batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), and plug flow reactors (PFR). It also defines terms like conversion and describes methods for calculating reaction time.

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    The General Mole Balance Equation: DN F G F DT

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    نزار الدهامي
    258 views4 pages
    1) The document discusses the general mole balance equation for performing mole balances on any chemical system. It defines key terms like system boundaries and volume. 2) The general mole balance equation accounts for the rates of flow and generation of a species into and out of the system as well as the rate of accumulation within the system. 3) The document provides the specific mole balance equations that apply to different reactor types like batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), and plug flow reactors (PFR). It also defines terms like conversion and describes methods for calculating reaction time.

    Original Title

    Lecture 3

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    1) The document discusses the general mole balance equation for performing mole balances on any chemical system. It defines key terms like system boundaries and volume. 2) The general mole balance equation accounts for the rates of flow and generation of a species into and out of the system as well as the rate of accumulation within the system. 3) The document provides the specific mole balance equations that apply to different reactor types like batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), and plug flow reactors (PFR). It also defines terms like conversion and describes methods for calculating reaction time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    258 views4 pages

    The General Mole Balance Equation: DN F G F DT

    Uploaded by

    نزار الدهامي
    1) The document discusses the general mole balance equation for performing mole balances on any chemical system. It defines key terms like system boundaries and volume. 2) The general mole balance equation accounts for the rates of flow and generation of a species into and out of the system as well as the rate of accumulation within the system. 3) The document provides the specific mole balance equations that apply to different reactor types like batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), and plug flow reactors (PFR). It also defines terms like conversion and describes methods for calculating reaction time.

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    You are on page 1of 4

    Lecture 3

    The General Mole Balance Equation

    To perform a mole balance on any system, the system boundaries must


    first be specified. The volume enclosed by these boundaries will be
    referred to as the system volume.

    Gi

    A mole balance on species j at any instant in time, t, yields the


    following equation:
     rate of flow   rate of generation   rate of flow   rate of accumulation 
     of j into  of j by chemical   of j out of  of j withen 
        
     the system   reaction withen the   the system   the system 
           
     (moles/time)  system (moles/time)  (moles/time)  (moles/time) 
    dN j
    Fj 0  Gj  Fj  .....1
    dt

    Now express Gj in terms of reaction rate:


    In a volume element ΔVj,, we have: G j 1  r j 1V 1
    M M

    Sum over all ΔVj,, we have: G j   G ji   r ji V i


    i 1 i 1

    As V i  0, we have V i  dV i
    V
    G i   r j dV

    V
    dN j
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  .....2
    dt

    From this general mole balance equation we can develop the


    design equations for the various types of industrial reactors

    1
    Lecture 3

    1- Batch Reactor

    Fj 0  Fj  0 Why ? 
    V
    dN j
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  .....2
    dt
    V
    dN
      r j dV
    j

    dt
    If there is no spatial variation of reaction rate, we have
    dN j
     r jV ....3
    dt

    Example: Write the mole balance for dimethyl ether in terms of the
    reactor volume, concentration, and rate of formation of dimethyl ether for
    both a constant-pressure and a constant volume batch reactor.

    2- CSTR

    From Equation 2
    V
    dN j
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  .....2
    dt
    dN j
    For steady state  0 , then
    dt
    V
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  0

    If there is no spatial variation of reaction rate, we have

    Fj 0  Fj
    Fj 0  Fj  r jV  0, V 
    rj
    v: Volumetric Flow Rate [dm3/s]
    F j  C j ....4

      C j 0 C j 
    V 
    r j

    2
    Lecture 3

    3- PFR
    V
    dN j
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  .....2
    dt
    dN j
    0
    dt
    Consider
    V
    V : Gj   r dV j  r j V

    F j V   F j V  V   r j V  0
    F j V  V   F j V 
    rj  ......V  dV
    V
    dF j dC j
     rj or 0  rj .......5
    dV dV

    Definition of Conversion
    1- for Batch System
    Moles of A Reacted
    XA 
    Moles of A Fed
    N A  N A 0  N A 0X A  N A 0  1  X A 

    Design equation using batch reactor


    V
    dN
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  j
    .....2
    dt
    1 dN A
      rA
    V dt
    N A  N A 0  N A 0X A  N A 0  1  X A 
    dX
    N A0   rAV
    dt
    The reaction time
    dX
    dt  N A 0
    rAV
    For Non-constant Volume For Constant Volume
    t X X
    dX dX
    V dt  N A 0 
    0 0
     rA
    .....6 t  N A0 
    0
    rA (V )
    .......7

    3
    Lecture 3

    2- for Flow System


    Moles of A Reacted
    XA 
    Moles of A Fed
    FA  FA 0  FA 0 X A  FA 0  1  X A 

    Design equation using CSTR reactor


    V
    dN
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  j

    dt
    FA 0  FA
    FA 0  FA  rAV  0 V 
     rA
    FA 0 X
    from above V  ......8
    rA
    Design equation using PFR reactor
    V
    F j 0  F j   r j dV  0

    dFA
     rA FA  FA 0 X
    dV
    dX
    FA 0  rA
    dV
    X
    dX
    V  FA 0  ......9
    0
    rA

    Space Time and Space Velocity


    The space time, τ, is the time necessary to process one reactor volume of
    fluid based on entrance conditions.
    V
     ....10
    0

    It is the time it takes for fluid of the volume of the reactor size to enter the
    reactor completely.
    The space velocity, SV, is the reciprocal of the space time.
    SV

    . 1  0 ....11
     V

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