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Workshop 19

This document provides an introduction to Bash scripting. It discusses various Bash scripting concepts like variables, conditional statements (if/then, if/then/else, case), loops (while, for, until), functions, passing parameters to functions, and returning values from functions. Examples are given for each concept to demonstrate how it can be implemented in a Bash script.

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33 views30 pages

Workshop 19

This document provides an introduction to Bash scripting. It discusses various Bash scripting concepts like variables, conditional statements (if/then, if/then/else, case), loops (while, for, until), functions, passing parameters to functions, and returning values from functions. Examples are given for each concept to demonstrate how it can be implemented in a Bash script.

Uploaded by

Burner
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bash scripting

My rst script
#!/bin/sh
echo “hello world”
– Saveit calling hello
– Sh hello
– ./hello
chmod +x
hello
– Execute: ./hello
#!/bin/sh
# note: the followed by hashtag is
comment pwd
ls

#!/bin/sh
# name is a
variable
name="fred”
echo "The name is $name"
• Write a script to input your name and
display it again

#!/bin/sh
echo "Enter your name:
\c " read name
echo "Hello, $name"
Variable Description

$0 The filename of the current script.

$# The number of arguments supplied to script

$* All the arguments are double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $* is
equivalent to $1 $2.
$? The exit status of the last command executed.

$! The process number of the last background command.


Escape sequence
Boolean Operators
String Operators
#!/bin/sh
echo "File Name: $0”
echo "First Parameter : $1”
echo "Second Parameter :
$2” echo "Quoted Values:
$@” echo "Quoted Values:
$*”
echo "Total Number of Parameters : $#"

-​--​--​-$./test.sh Zara Ali File


$echo $? 0
If Then statement
-​-control statement that allows Shell to
make decisions and execute statements
conditionally

if ​[ expression
]
then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression is
true ​

#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if ​[ $a == $b
] ​then
echo "a is equal to b"

if ​[ $a != $b
] ​then
echo "a is not equal to b”

If Then Else

-​-allows Shell to execute statements in more


controlled way and making decision between two
choices.

if ​[ expression
] ​then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true

else Statement(s) to be executed if


expression is not tru

#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b
] then
echo "a is equal to
b" else
echo "a is not equal to
b” 
If Then Else if

-​-allows Shell to make correct decision out of several


conditions

if ​[ expression 1 ]
then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is true
elif ​[ expression 2 ]
then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is
true
elif ​[ expression 3 ]
then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is true
else
Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is
true

#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b
] then
echo "a is equal to b"

elif [ $a -gt $b ]
then
echo "a is greater than
b”
elif [ $a --lt $b ]
then
echo "a is less than b”
else
echo "None of the condition met”

Case
case ​statement which handles
Repeated if ..elif conditions, and it does so
more efficiently than repeated if...elif
statements

case ​word in
pattern1) Statement(s) to be executed if pattern1 matches
;;
pattern2) Statement(s) to be executed if pattern2 matches
;;
pattern3) Statement(s) to be executed if pattern3 matches
;;
esac
case
#!/bin/sh
FRUIT="kiwi”
case ​"$FRUIT"
in
"apple") echo "Apple pie is quite tasty."
;;
"banana") echo "I like banana nut bread."
;;
"kiwi") echo "New Zealand is famous for kiwi."
;;
esac
The while Loop
The while loop enables you to execute a set of commands repeatedly
until some condition occurs.

while
command ​do
Statement(s) to be executed if command is
true ​done

#!/bin/sh
a=0
while [ $a ​-lt 10 ]
do
echo $a
a=`expr $a + 1`
done
The for Loop
-​-It repeats a set of commands for every item in

a list. ​for ​var in word1 word2 ... wordN

do
Statement(s) to be executed for every
word. ​done

#!/bin/sh
for var in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 do
echo $var
done

#!/bin/sh
for FILE in
$HOME/.bash* do
echo
$FILE
done
The until Loop

The while loop is perfect for a situation where you need to execute a set of
commands while some condition is true. Sometimes you need to execute a
set of commands until a condition is true.

until
command ​do
Statement(s) to be executed until command is
true ​done
#!/bin/sh
a=0
until [ ! $a ​-lt 10 ]

do

echo $a
a=`expr $a + 1`
done
Shell Loop Control

• Break and continue


• The ​innite
Loop​ #!/bin/sh
a=10

while [ $a -ge 10 ]
do
echo $a

a=`expr $a + 1`

done
The break statements
The ​break ​statement is used to terminate the execution
of the entire loop

#!/bin/sh
a=0
while [ $a -lt 10 ]
do
echo $a

if [ $a ​-eq 5 ]
then
break

a=`expr $a + 1`
done
The continue statement

#!/bin/sh

NUMS="1 2 3 4 5 6 7"

for NUM in $NUMS


do
Q=`expr $NUM % 2`
if [ $Q ​-eq 0 ]
then

echo "Number is an even


number!!" ​continue

echo "Found odd


number" done
Unix -​- Shell Functions

function_name ()

list of commands

#!/bin/sh

# Dene your function


here Hello () {
echo "Hello World"

} # Invoke your function


Hello
-​--​--​--​--​--​--​-

$./test.sh Hello World

$
Pass Parameters to a Function

#!/bin/sh
# Dene your function
here Hello () {
echo "Hello World $1 $2"

}
# Invoke your
function Hello Zara
Ali
• -​--​--​--​--​--​--​--​--​-
$./test.sh Hello World Zara Ali $
Returning Values from Functions
#!/bin/sh
# Dene your function
here Hello () {
echo "Hello World $1
$2" return 10
}
# Invoke your
function Hello Zara
Ali
# Capture value returned by last
command ret=$?
echo "Return value is $ret"

-​--​--​--​--​--​--​--​--​--​--​-
$./test.sh
Hello World Zara
Ali Return value is
10 $

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