Lab Manual: Sir Majid Shafique

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Lab Manual

COMPUTER NETWORKS
(LAB)

SUBMITTED TO:

SIR MAJID SHAFIQUE

SUBMITTED BY:

ALISHBA JAMIL
ROLL NO:
2018-BCS-001
Lab # 04
Network Cables and Connectors

Network Cables:
Network cables are used to connect one network device to other network devices
or to connect two or more computers to share printer, scanner etc. Different types
of network cables like Coaxial cable, Optical fiber cable, Twisted Pair cables are
used depending on the network's topology, protocol and size. The devices can be
separated by a few meters (e.g. via Ethernet) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via
the interconnections of the Internet).
Network connector is defined as a device that facilitates the connection or the
interconnection of computers and other devices to a network. This connector
facilitates the sharing of information and other resources.
Lab Task:

Differentiation of the following types of network cables by physical


examination and experiment.
Cables:
 Console
Cisco cables, rollover cables, and management cables are all terms for console
cables. These are created with a particular intent in mind. For setup, they connect
Cisco networking devices to terminals or PCs. The Cisco end is usually connected
via RJ45, while the terminal end is connected via serial.
The essence of the link is most important when it comes to console cables. This is
not a networking or Ethernet link. It's a terminal link, and the aim is for the linked
machine to be able to configure the networking device. This holds true for both old
and new Cisco equipment. The serial link is used to configure the computer.
 Straight Through
The word "straight-through" refers to cables that have the pin assignments on both
ends. In other words, connector A's Pin 1 connects to connector B's Pin 1, and vice
versa. The most popular type of wired cable used to link a host to a client is a
straight-through wired cable.
The Straight-Through wired cat5e patch cable is used to link computers, printers,
and other network client devices to the router switch or hub when we talk about
cat5e patch cables.

 Cross over
Crossover wired cables (also known as crossover cables) are similar to Straight-
Through cables with the exception that the TX and RX lines are crossed (on
opposite ends of the cable). Using the 568-B norm as an example, Pin 1 on
connector A corresponds to Pin 3 on connector B. Connector A's pin 2 connects to
connector B's pin 6, and so on.
The most common use of crossover cables is to link two hosts directly. Connecting
a computer to another computer, a switch to another switch, or a router to another
router are all examples of direct connections.

 Coaxial
A coaxial cable is a shielded and insulated copper cable used in computer networks
and to transmit cable television services to end users. It was first used
commercially in the early 1940s for both baseband and broadband data
transmission services.

Coaxial cable is also known as coax, and it gets its name from the geometric axis
formed by a shield and an insulator.
Because of their layered defence, coaxial cables can carry signals over longer
distances and are a good option for weak signals.
 Fiber
Fiber-optic internet, also known as fibre internet or simply "fibre," is a high-speed,
low-latency broadband service that can achieve speeds of up to 940 Megabits per
second (Mbps). Fiber-optic cable is used in the technology, which can transmit
data at nearly 70 percent the speed of light. A fibre optic cable is a form of network
cable that is made up of strands of glass fibres that are enclosed in an insulated
casing. They're made for long-distance, high-performance data networking and
telecommunications applications. Fiber optic cables have a higher bandwidth than
wired cables and can relay data over longer distances.
Many of the world's internet, cable television, and telephone networks are
supported by fibre optic cables.

 Serial DCE
DCE stands for Data Communications Equipment
Computer hardware devices that create, maintain, and terminate communication
network sessions between a data source and its destination . To transform
transmission signals, the DCE is connected to the data terminal equipment (DTE)
and data transmission circuit (DTC).
DCE may also be in charge of providing serial link timing. One serial interface of
each connection must be configured with a clock rate to provide synchronisation in
a complex network that uses directly linked routers to provide serial links.

Serial DTE

'Data Termination Equipment' is abbreviated as DTE.It is binary optical


communication equipment that can serve as both a source and a
destination.Since there is no direct means of communication, indirect devices are
used to communicate.
This equipment produces or absorbs binary digital data at the physical layer.
This technique may be a monitor, routers, printer, terminal, or some other
system at the physical layer.This computer transmits data using serial
transmission in the majority of cases. The serial port in the system is used to
send and receive data.

Phone
Home telephone lines and Wireless Subscriber Line (DSL) links are normally
connected with phone cables. Computers and network equipment such as hubs,
switches, and routers are usually connected using Ethernet network cables.

Connectors:

 RJ-45 connector
The eight-pin RJ45 connector is a standardized interface which often connects a
computer to a local area network (LAN). This type of connector was originally
developed for telephone communications but is now used in a range of
applications. The abbreviation, RJ45, stands for Registered Jack-45. The wiring
patterns of the jacks, rather than their physical characteristics, are the subject of
registered jack specifications. The term RJ45 has also come to refer to a number of
Ethernet jack connectors. An 8P8C, or 8 Position/8 Contact connector, is a
telecommunication cable modular connector. It is also known as an RJ45
informally.
 LC and ST optical Fiber connectors
 LC fibre optic connector

The LC fibre optic connector, developed by Lucent Technologies, has become


the standard fibre connector for today's optical telecom applications, especially for
connections with SFP and SFP+ fibre transceivers. The ferrule on an LC fibre
connector is 1.25mm in diameter. It's suitable for high-density cabling because of
this. There are two types of LC connectors: single mode and multimode. LC
connectors can also be classified into LC duplex and simplex connectors based on
their construction.

 ST fibre connector
AT&T invented and patented the ST fibre connector, which is still one of the
most common. It has a 0.25dB insertion loss and uses a ceramic, spring-loaded
2.5mm ferrule with a half-twist bayonet mount to keep the fibre in place.
ST fibre connectors are commonly used in both long and short-distance
applications, including multimode fibre applications on campuses and in buildings,
corporate network environments, and military applications.

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