Rome - 17

4/2/2021 Rome - Wikipedia
Every May, Rome hosts the ATP Masters Series tennis tournament on the clay courts of the Foro Italico.
Cycling was popular in the post-World War II period, although its popularity has faded. Rome has hosted the
final portion of the Giro d'Italia three times, in 1911, 1950, and 2009. Rome is also home to other sports
teams, including volleyball (M. Roma Volley), handball or waterpolo.
Transport
Rome is at the centre of the radial network of roads that roughly follow the lines of the ancient Roman roads
which began at the Capitoline Hill and connected Rome with its empire. Today Rome is circled, at a distance
of about 10 km (6 mi) from the Capitol, by the ring-road (the Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA). Stadio dei Marmi
Due to its location in the centre of the Italian peninsula, Rome is the principal railway node for central Italy.
Rome's main railway station, Termini, is one of the largest railway stations in Europe and the most heavily
used in Italy, with around 400 thousand travellers passing through every day. The second-largest station in
the city, Roma Tiburtina, has been redeveloped as a high-speed rail terminus.[166] As well as frequent high-
speed day trains to all major Italian cities, Rome is linked nightly by 'boat train' sleeper services to Sicily, and
internationally by overnight sleeper services to Munich and Vienna by ÖBB Austrian railways.
Rome is served by three airports. The intercontinental Leonardo da Vinci International Airport, Italy's chief
airport is located within the nearby Fiumicino, south-west of Rome. The older Rome Ciampino Airport is a
Rome–Fiumicino Airport was the
joint civilian and military airport. It is commonly referred to as "Ciampino Airport", as it is located beside
tenth busiest airport in Europe in
Ciampino, south-east of Rome. A third airport, the Roma-Urbe Airport, is a small, low-traffic airport located 2016.
about 6 km (4 mi) north of the city centre, which handles most helicopter and private flights.
Although the city has its own quarter on the Mediterranean Sea (Lido di Ostia), this has only a marina and a
small channel-harbour for fishing boats. The main harbour which serves Rome is Port of Civitavecchia,
located about 62 kilometres (39 miles) northwest of the city.[167]
The city suffers from traffic problems largely due to this radial street pattern, making it difficult for Romans
to move easily from the vicinity of one of the radial roads to another without going into the historic centre or
using the ring-road. These problems are not helped by the limited size of Rome's metro system when
compared to other cities of similar size. In addition, Rome has only 21 taxis for every 10,000 inhabitants, far
below other major European cities.[168] Chronic congestion caused by cars during the 1970s and 1980s led to
restrictions being placed on vehicle access to the inner city-centre during the hours of daylight. Areas, where
Port of Civitavecchia
these restrictions apply, are known as Limited Traffic Zones (Zona a Traffico Limitato (ZTL) in Italian).
More recently, heavy night-time traffic in Trastevere, Testaccio and San Lorenzo has led to the creation of
night-time ZTLs in those districts.
A 3-line metro system called the Metropolitana operates in Rome. Construction on the first branch started in
the 1930s.[169] The line had been planned to quickly connect the main railway station with the newly planned
E42 area in the southern suburbs, where 1942 the World Fair was supposed to be held. The event never took
place because of war, but the area was later partly redesigned and renamed EUR (Esposizione Universale di
Roma: Rome Universal Exhibition) in the 1950s to serve as a modern business district. The line was finally
opened in 1955, and it is now the south part of the B Line.
The A line opened in 1980 from Ottaviano to Anagnina stations, later extended in stages (1999–2000) to
Battistini. In the 1990s, an extension of the B line was opened from Termini to Rebibbia. This underground
network is generally reliable (although it may become very congested at peak times and during events,
especially the A line) as it is relatively short. Roma Metrorail and Underground
map, 2016
The A and B lines intersect at Roma Termini station. A new branch of the B line (B1) opened on 13 June 2012
after an estimated building cost of €500 million. B1 connects to line B at Piazza Bologna and has four
stations over a distance of 3.9 km (2 mi).
A third line, the C line, is under construction with an estimated cost of €3 billion and will have 30 stations
over a distance of 25.5 km (16 mi). It will partly replace the existing Termini-Pantano rail line. It will feature
full automated, driverless trains.[170] The first section with 15 stations connecting Pantano with the quarter
of Centocelle in the eastern part of the city, opened on 9 November 2014.[171] The end of the work was
scheduled in 2015, but archaeological findings often delay underground construction work.
A fourth line, D line, is also planned. It will have 22 stations over a distance of 20 km (12 mi). The first
Conca d'Oro metro station
section was projected to open in 2015 and the final sections before 2035, but due to the city's financial crisis,
the project has been put on hold.
Above-ground public transport in Rome is made up of a bus, tram and urban train network (FR lines). The bus, tram, metro and urban railways
network is run by Atac S.p.A. (which originally stood for the Municipal Bus and Tramways Company, Azienda Tramvie e Autobus del Comune in
Italian). The bus network has in excess of 350 bus lines and over eight thousand bus stops, whereas the more-limited tram system has 39 km
(24 mi) of track and 192 stops.[172] There is also one trolleybus line, opened in 2005, and additional trolleybus lines are planned.[173]
International entities, organisations and involvement

Among the global cities, Rome is unique in having two sovereign entities located entirely within its city limits, the Holy See, represented by the
Vatican City State, and the territorially smaller Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The Vatican is an enclave of the Italian capital city and a
sovereign possession of the Holy See, which is the Diocese of Rome and the supreme government of the Roman Catholic Church. Rome,
therefore, hosts foreign embassies to the Italian government, to the Holy See, to the Order of Malta and to certain international organisations.
Several international Roman Colleges and Pontifical Universities are located in Rome.
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