Machine Model GENTPF

Generator Represented by Uniform Inductance Ratios Rotor

Modeling to Match WSCC Type F Model GENTPF

𝑋𝑑 − 𝑋𝑑′ b-axis
q-axis
𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑑
𝑋𝑑′ − 𝑋𝑑′′
+ _ c b
1 𝐸𝑞′ 𝜋
1 −𝛿
𝐸𝑓𝑑 ∑ ′ 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑑 + ∑ 𝐸𝑞′′ 𝛿 2
_ + 𝑠𝑇𝑑𝑜 ′′
𝑠𝑇𝑑𝑜 a-axis
3 4
_ _
+ 𝑋𝑑 − 𝑋𝑑′′ d-axis
∑ 𝑋𝑑′ − 𝑋𝑑′′ 𝐼𝑑
′′
= −𝐸𝑑′′
𝑋𝑑′ − 𝑋𝑑′′ 𝑞
′′
= +𝐸𝑞′′
𝐿𝑎𝑑 𝐼𝑓𝑑 𝑑
Field Current c-axis a
𝑋𝑞 − 𝑋𝑞′
𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑞
𝑋𝑞′ − 𝑋𝑞′′
+ _
1 𝐸𝑑′ Mechanical Swing Equations
States:
+ 1
1 – Angle ∑ ′ 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑞 ∑ 𝐸𝑑′′
𝑠𝑇𝑞𝑜 ′′
𝑠𝑇𝑞𝑜
2 – Speed w 5 6 1 𝛿 = 𝜔 ∗ 𝜔0
_ +
3 – Eqp 1 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ − 𝐷𝜔
𝑋𝑞 − 𝑋𝑞′′ 2 𝜔= − 𝑇𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐
4 – Eqpp 2𝐻 1+𝜔
𝑋𝑞′ − 𝑋𝑞′′ 𝐼𝑞
5 – Edp 𝑋𝑞′ − 𝑋𝑞′′
6 – Edpp 𝜔 = per unit speed deviation, so 𝜔 = 0 means we
are at synchronous speed and 𝜔 = 1 would
mean it’s spinning at double synchronous speed
2 2 𝜔0 = synchronous speed 2𝜋𝑓0 where 𝑓0 is the
𝜓𝑎𝑔 = 𝑉𝑞𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 𝐼𝑞 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐼𝑑 𝑋𝑙 + 𝑉𝑑𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 𝐼𝑑 𝑅𝑎 − 𝐼𝑞 𝑋𝑙 nominal system frequency in Hz
D-Axis: 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑑 = 1 + 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜓𝑎𝑔
𝑋𝑞 Note: If option Ignore Speed Effects in Generator
Q-Axis: 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑞 = 1 + 𝑋 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜓𝑎𝑔 Swing Equation is true, then instead use
𝑑
1
𝜔= 𝑃 − 𝐷𝜔 − 𝑇𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐
2𝐻 𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ
Model supported by PSLF
The GENTPF model includes saturation not simply as an additive term to the derivative of the 𝐸𝑑′ and 𝐸𝑞′ terms, but instead as the
saturation of the inductance terms (𝑋) directly. This means that the network interface equations and Electrical Torque equations
are impacted by the saturation as well. The relationships are as described in the following.

Saturated Impedance Terms

2 2
𝜓𝑎𝑔 = 𝑉𝑞𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 𝐼𝑞 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐼𝑑 𝑋𝑙 + 𝑉𝑑𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 𝐼𝑑 𝑅𝑎 − 𝐼𝑞 𝑋𝑙
′′
𝑋𝑑′′ − 𝑋𝑙 Solid Rotor Machine
𝑋𝑑𝑠𝑎𝑡 = + 𝑋𝑙 Time Constants must be greater than zero
𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑑
′′
𝑋𝑞′′ − 𝑋𝑙 Reactances must be greater than zero
𝑋𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑡 = + 𝑋𝑙
𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑞 Salient Pole Machine with single amortisseur windings
on d and q axis
Electrical Torque Tqop = 0
𝑞 = 𝑞′′ − 𝐼𝑞 𝑋𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑡
′′ Xqp = Xq
′′ ′′ Other time constants greater than zero
𝑑 = 𝑑 − 𝐼𝑑 𝑋𝑑𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑇𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 = 𝑑 𝐼𝑞 − 𝑞 𝐼𝑑 Salient Pole Machine without amortisseur windings
Tdop greater than zero
Network Interface Equations All other times constant equal zero
𝑑 ′′ Xdpp = Xdp
𝑽= = 𝑗 1 + 𝜔 (𝑑 + 𝑗𝑞′′ ) Xqpp = Xqp = Xq
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑑 + 𝑗𝑉𝑞 = (−′′
𝑞
+ 𝑗′′
𝑑
) 1+𝜔
𝑉𝑑 + 𝑗𝑉𝑞 = 𝐸𝑑′′ + 𝑗𝐸𝑞′′ 1 + 𝜔

Because of transient saliency (𝑋𝑑′′ <> 𝑋𝑞′′ ) and saturation effects, 𝑋𝑑𝑠𝑎𝑡
′′ ′′
may not be equal to 𝑋𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑡 . Because of this the network
interface equations cannot be written as a complex number equation. Instead the network interface equations are written as
follows
′′
𝑉𝑑𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑉𝑑 − 𝑅𝑎 𝐼𝑑 + 𝑋𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐼𝑞
′′
𝑉𝑞𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑉𝑞 − 𝑋𝑑𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐼𝑑 − 𝑅𝑎 𝐼𝑞

These equations must be used directly when modeling the network boundary equations

Treatment of 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 and 𝑋𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝

When specified, the compensated voltage fed as an input to the excitet is calculated as:
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = |𝑉̅𝑡 − 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 + 𝑗𝑋𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝐼̅𝑡 |