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Introduction Control System

This document provides an introduction to control systems by Lilik Sutiarsa. It defines a control system as an interconnection of components that is designed to drive a given system or process to a desired output. Control systems can be open-loop or closed-loop. Open-loop systems do not use feedback, while closed-loop systems compare the actual output to the desired output to correct errors. Examples of control systems include washing machines, traffic lights, and irrigation systems. The document contrasts manual and automatic control systems.

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Abdul Rahman
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57 views20 pages

Introduction Control System

This document provides an introduction to control systems by Lilik Sutiarsa. It defines a control system as an interconnection of components that is designed to drive a given system or process to a desired output. Control systems can be open-loop or closed-loop. Open-loop systems do not use feedback, while closed-loop systems compare the actual output to the desired output to correct errors. Examples of control systems include washing machines, traffic lights, and irrigation systems. The document contrasts manual and automatic control systems.

Uploaded by

Abdul Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

CONTROL SYSTEM
LILIK SUTIARSO
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL & BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
INTRODUCTION
System – An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.

Control System – An interconnection of components forming a system


configuration that will provide a desired response.

Control System – A collection of components that is designed to drive a


given system (plant) with a given input to a desired output.

Process – The device, plant, or system under control. The input and
output relationship represents the cause-and-effect relationship of the
process.

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


INTRODUCTION
The interaction is defined in terms of variables:
• System input
DISTURBANCE INPUTS
• System output
• Environmental disturbances
SYSTEM OUTPUTS

SYSTEM
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

CONTROL INPUTS

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


INTRODUCTION
• Control is the process of causing a system variable to conform
to some desired value.
• Manual .vs. Automatic control (involving machines only).
• Control system is an interconnection of components forming a
system configuration that will provide a desired system
response.

CONTROL
SYSTEM
INPUT SIGNAL OUTPUT SIGNAL

ENERGY SOURCE
LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM
FIG.: WATER TANK CONTROL SYSTEM

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


CONTROL
SYSTEM

OPEN - LOOP CLOSED -


CONTROL LOOP CONTROL
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


OPEN – LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS

• Simple control is often Open-Loop Control System


• To utilize a controller or control actuator to obtain the desired response.
• Sensitive to changing in parameters and disturbance.
• Open-loop control systems are the systems in which the output has no
effect on the control action.
FIGURE: OPEN – LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM
Washing machine

WASHING MACHINE CONTROLLED TRAFFIC LIGHT

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


Washing machine

IRRIGATION SYSTEM

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


CLOSED – LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS
• More sophisticated arrangements are Closed-loop
• Systems utilizes feedback to compare the actual output to the desired
output response.
• Increased accuracy (gets to the desired final position more accurately
because small errors will get corrected on subsequent measurement
cycles)
• A closed loop system is always equipped with a sensor, which is used to
monitor the output and compare it with the expected result.

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


Disturbance

Controlled Manipulated
Set-point or Error Signal Variable
Reference
input
Actual
+ Output
+ +
+ Controller Actuator + Process
-

Sensor
Feedback Signal

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


Desired
Output Output
Controller Process
Response Variables

Measurement

MIMO [MULTI INPUT MULTI OUTPUT] SYSTEM

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


A MANUAL CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING THE LEVEL OF FLUID IN A TANK
BY ADJUSTING THE OUTPUT VALVE

LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM


LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM
MANUAL .VS. AUTOMATIC CONTROL

• Control is a process of causing a system variable such as


temperature or position to conform to some desired value or
trajectory, called reference value or trajectory.
• For example, driving a car implies controlling the vehicle to follow
the desired path to arrive safely at a planned destination.
MANUAL .VS. AUTOMATIC CONTROL

• If you are driving the car yourself, you are performing manual control of
the car.
MANUAL .VS. AUTOMATIC CONTROL

• If you use design a machine, or use a computer to do it, then you have
built an automatic control system.
FIG.: FUTURE EVOLUTION OF CONTROL SYSTEM
LILIK SOETIARSO | INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM

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