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Table 1. EOR Technology Screening & Strategy

The document discusses enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods for the Marmul field in Oman. It analyzes thermal (steam injection), gas (CO2, HC gas, air injection), and chemical (polymer flooding) EOR techniques based on the Marmul field's parameters of lithology, depth, permeability, oil properties, pressure, and temperature. Based on Marmul's high oil viscosity, air/gas injection are not suitable but chemical and steam injection are options. Tests showed chemical injection via polymer flooding would achieve higher recovery rates than steam flooding due to Marmul's low vertical permeability. Therefore, polymer flooding was selected as the best EOR method for Marmul.

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100 views2 pages

Table 1. EOR Technology Screening & Strategy

The document discusses enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods for the Marmul field in Oman. It analyzes thermal (steam injection), gas (CO2, HC gas, air injection), and chemical (polymer flooding) EOR techniques based on the Marmul field's parameters of lithology, depth, permeability, oil properties, pressure, and temperature. Based on Marmul's high oil viscosity, air/gas injection are not suitable but chemical and steam injection are options. Tests showed chemical injection via polymer flooding would achieve higher recovery rates than steam flooding due to Marmul's low vertical permeability. Therefore, polymer flooding was selected as the best EOR method for Marmul.

Uploaded by

Tetra Mutiara Afifah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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In general, EOR technology can be divided into three methods, which are thermal,

chemical, and gas [1]. Thermal EOR is an oil recovery technique which involve the introduction
of heat energy into oil reservoirs. Reservoir temperatures are substantially increased to achieve a
significant decrease in oil viscosity which yields a corresponding oil mobility effect. Steam
injection is one of the methods of TEOR. Meanwhile, Chemical EOR use chemical injection to
recover more oil. The examples of this technique are Polymer flooding, Surfactant polymer (SP)
flooding, and Alkaline-surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding. Then, Gas EOR use gas injection to
displace oil towards the production well which air, CO 2, and hydrocarbon (HC) are the example
of the gas used.

In order to define the best EOR technology applied in Marmul field, EOR development
screening and strategy was done. Lithology, depth, porosity, permeability, Oil API gravity, Oil
viscosity, oil saturation, reservoir pressure, and reservoir temperature are the parameter used in
the screening process. The comparison of each technology and the Marmul field condition can be
seen in table 1.

Table 1. EOR Technology Screening & Strategy


EOR Method Air injection CO2 HC gas Chemical Steam Marmul
Parameter injection injection injection injection reservoir
Lithology Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone [2]
Carbonate Carbonate Carbonate
Depth (ft) >2000 >2500 >5000 <10000 <4000 2001 [3]
Porosity Not critical Not Not >0.1 >0.15 0.3 [4]
critical critical
Permeability (mD) >1 >1 >1 >10 >50 15000 [5]
Oil API gravity >20 >20 >25 15-40 >10 22 [2]
Oil viscosity (cp) <100 <10 <5 <400 <200000 80-110 [3]
Oil saturation >0.25 >0.2 >0.2 >0.3 >0.4 0.8 [4]
Reservoir pressure Not critical >MMP >MMP Not low 1350 [4]
(Psia) critical
Reservoir >spontaneous <190 <190 <205 Not critical 115 [5]
temperature (ºF) ignition
temperature

From the table 1, it can be seen that Marmul reservoir condition is not suitable with air
injection, CO2 injection, and HC gas injection due to its high oil viscosity. The potential EOR
method left are chemical injection and steam injection. A series of pilots and tests was
undertaken which resulted in the application of chemical injection, by polimer flooding, is more
attractive than steam flooding. Low vertical permeability and anistropic horizontal permeability
in marmul field led to poor sweep efficiency of the steam flood and hence low achievable
ultimate recovery. Applying chemical injection in marmul field can obtain a project size of 5000
m3/day, while steam flood can obtain 1000 – 2000 m3/day [4]. In addition, chemical EOR also
have several benefits which are the cost is inexpensive and there are possibilities for incremental
oil.

Daftar pustaka

[1] Alvarado, V. & Manrique, E. (2010). Enhanced Oil Recovery: An Update Review. Energies.
3. 1529-1575.

[2] Manrique, Eduardo & Ahmadi, Mahmood & Samani, Shirin. (2017). Historical and recent
observations in polymer floods: An update review. Journal of oil, gas, and alternative
energy sources. 6. 17-48. 10.29047/01225383.72.

[3] Gao, C.H. (2011). Scientific research and field applications of polymer flooding in heavy oil
recovery.  J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 1, 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-011-
0014-6

[4] Al-Adawy, M.S.; Nandyal, M. (1991).  Status and Scope for EOR Development in Oman. In
Middle East Oil Show. Society of Petroleum Engineers

[5] Taber, J.J., Martin, F.D., Seright, R.S. (1997). EOR Screening Criteria Revisited—Part 2:
Applications and Impact of Oil Prices. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 12(3), 199–206. 

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