Exercise Topic 2
Exercise Topic 2
Roots of Equations
2.1 Exercises
Exercises: Graphical and Incremental Search Methods
Exercise 2.1 Given f (x) = x2 − 6.45x + 9.15 for 1 ≤ x ≤ 5.
i. Plot and determine those subintervals which contain root of the function, f (x).
ii. Using incremental search method, divide the interval into eight subintervals and find those
subintervals that contain root of the function, f (x).
Exercise 2.4 Determine the first positive root of x2 sin(x) = 1.4 by using bisection method with
initial guesses of xl = 1.0 and xu = 1.5. Perform the calculation until the stopping criterion,
εs = 5%.
(Use radian mode in your calculator)
√
Exercise 2.5 Determine the root of 2 = 0.5x3 − 3
x by using bisection method. Given the initial
guesses are 1, 2, 3 and 4. Decide the best lower and upper bound that bracket the root. Hence,
carry out the computation until εa < 10%.
Exercise 2.7 Find the positive root of f (x) = exp(−x)(3.2 sin(x) − 0.5 cos(x)) using false
position method with initial guesses of xl = 3 and xu = 4. Perform your calculation until four
iterations.
(Use radian mode in your calculator)
Exercise 2.8 The concentration of pollutant bacteria, c in a lake decreases can be formulate as
c = 75 exp(−1.5t) + 20 exp(−0.075t)
Determine the time required for the bacteria concentration to be reduced to 15 using false
position method with an initial guess of tl = 2.5s and tu = 5.5s. Calculate until εa < 4%.
Exercise 2.9 Water is discharged from a reservoir through a long pipe. By neglecting the
change in the level of the reservoir, the transient velocity, v(t) of the water flowing from the pipe
at time, t is given by
p t
v(t) = 2gh + cos(2gh)
2L
where h is the height of the fluid in the reservoir, L is the length of the pipe and g = 9.81ms−2
is the gravity. Find the value of h that is required to achieve a velocity of v = 4ms−1 at time
t = 4s, when L = 5m. Use false position method for the calculation with the initial height
is hl = 0.55m and hu = 1.15m. Perform the computation until three iterations and calculate
approximate percent relative error in each iteration.
(Use radian in your calculator)
by using Newton Raphson method with x0 = 0 and perform the iterations until εa < 1.00%.
Compute εt for each approximation if given the true root is x = 0.7652.
Exercise 2.11 Determine the root of f (x) = 10 exp(−x) cos(x) + 9 by using the Newton Raph-
son method with three iterations and x0 = −0.5.
Exercise 2.12 Compute three iterations of Newton Raphson method to find the root of the
following equations
i. f (x) = x3 − x − 1 with x0 = 2.5.
ii. f (x) = sin(2x) − cos(x) − x2 − 1 with x0 = 2.0.
iii. x exp(x) = 2 with x0 = 0.55.
Exercise 2.13 Suppose a company must supply N units/month at a uniform rate. Assume
the storage cost/unit is S1 dollars/month and that setup cost is S2 dollars. Further assume that
production is at a uniform rate of m units/month and x be the number of items produced each
run. The total average cost per month is expressed by
S1 N S2 N
C= 1− x+
2 m x
Assume that the storage cost/unit is S1 = 25 dollars/month, setup cost is S2 = 520 dollars, the
production m = 100 units/month and a company must supply N = 10 units/month. If the total
average cost per month is minimize, that is C = 1625 sin(x), find the number of items being
produced for each run by using three iterations of Newton Raphson method. Let initial guess,
x0 = 10.
Start with initial estimates x−1 = −10 and x0 = −9. Perform the computation until εa < 1%.
Calculate true percent relative error in each iteration if given true root is x = −7.6466.
f (x) = exp(−x) − x2
Start with initial estimates x−1 = 1.25 and x0 = 1.4. Perform the computation until εa < 5%.
References 1. Chapra, C. S. & Canale, R. P. Numerical Methods for Engineers, Sixth Edition,
McGraw–Hill, 2010.