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Exercise Topic 2

The document provides a series of exercises involving different numerical methods for finding roots of equations, including graphical methods, bisection, false position, Newton-Raphson, and secant methods. Students are asked to apply each method to solve example equations, determine initial guesses, iterate to convergence, and calculate errors compared to true roots.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
98 views4 pages

Exercise Topic 2

The document provides a series of exercises involving different numerical methods for finding roots of equations, including graphical methods, bisection, false position, Newton-Raphson, and secant methods. Students are asked to apply each method to solve example equations, determine initial guesses, iterate to convergence, and calculate errors compared to true roots.

Uploaded by

Jonas M. Magboo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Roots of Equations

Nadirah Binti Mohd Nasir


Lecturer
Fakulti Sains & Teknologi Industri,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
26300, Gambang, Pahang.
e-mail–[email protected]

2.1 Exercises
Exercises: Graphical and Incremental Search Methods
Exercise 2.1 Given f (x) = x2 − 6.45x + 9.15 for 1 ≤ x ≤ 5.
i. Plot and determine those subintervals which contain root of the function, f (x).
ii. Using incremental search method, divide the interval into eight subintervals and find those
subintervals that contain root of the function, f (x).


Exercise 2.2 Given f (x) = x2 − sin(x) − 1.4 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.5.


i. Plot and determine those subintervals which contain root of the function, f (x).
ii. Using incremental search method, divide the interval into seven subintervals and find those
subintervals that contain root of the function, f (x).


Exercises: Bisection Method


Exercise 2.3 Determine the real root of f (x) = x3 − 3x2 + x + 6 using three iterations of the
bisection method with initial guesses of xl = −2.0 and xu = −0.9. If the true root is x = −1.0946,
calculate true percent relative error and approximate percent relative error for each iteration. 
Chapter 2. Roots of Equations

Exercise 2.4 Determine the first positive root of x2 sin(x) = 1.4 by using bisection method with
initial guesses of xl = 1.0 and xu = 1.5. Perform the calculation until the stopping criterion,
εs = 5%.
(Use radian mode in your calculator) 


Exercise 2.5 Determine the root of 2 = 0.5x3 − 3
x by using bisection method. Given the initial
guesses are 1, 2, 3 and 4. Decide the best lower and upper bound that bracket the root. Hence,
carry out the computation until εa < 10%. 

Exercises: False Position Method


Exercise 2.6 Determine the first real root of f (x) = −x2 − 5x + 4 using false position method
with initial guesses of xl = −7.5, xu = −5 and stopping criterion, εs = 0.5%. If the true root is
x = −5.7016, calculate the true percent relative error and approximate percent relative error for
each iteration. 

Exercise 2.7 Find the positive root of f (x) = exp(−x)(3.2 sin(x) − 0.5 cos(x)) using false
position method with initial guesses of xl = 3 and xu = 4. Perform your calculation until four
iterations.
(Use radian mode in your calculator) 

Exercise 2.8 The concentration of pollutant bacteria, c in a lake decreases can be formulate as

c = 75 exp(−1.5t) + 20 exp(−0.075t)

Determine the time required for the bacteria concentration to be reduced to 15 using false
position method with an initial guess of tl = 2.5s and tu = 5.5s. Calculate until εa < 4%. 

Exercise 2.9 Water is discharged from a reservoir through a long pipe. By neglecting the
change in the level of the reservoir, the transient velocity, v(t) of the water flowing from the pipe
at time, t is given by
p t
v(t) = 2gh + cos(2gh)
2L
where h is the height of the fluid in the reservoir, L is the length of the pipe and g = 9.81ms−2
is the gravity. Find the value of h that is required to achieve a velocity of v = 4ms−1 at time
t = 4s, when L = 5m. Use false position method for the calculation with the initial height
is hl = 0.55m and hu = 1.15m. Perform the computation until three iterations and calculate
approximate percent relative error in each iteration.
(Use radian in your calculator)


Exercises: Newton Raphson Method


Exercise 2.10 Determine the root of

f (x) = 10.5x2 − 1.5x − 5


2.1 Exercises

by using Newton Raphson method with x0 = 0 and perform the iterations until εa < 1.00%.
Compute εt for each approximation if given the true root is x = 0.7652. 

Exercise 2.11 Determine the root of f (x) = 10 exp(−x) cos(x) + 9 by using the Newton Raph-
son method with three iterations and x0 = −0.5. 

Exercise 2.12 Compute three iterations of Newton Raphson method to find the root of the
following equations
i. f (x) = x3 − x − 1 with x0 = 2.5.
ii. f (x) = sin(2x) − cos(x) − x2 − 1 with x0 = 2.0.
iii. x exp(x) = 2 with x0 = 0.55.


Exercise 2.13 Suppose a company must supply N units/month at a uniform rate. Assume
the storage cost/unit is S1 dollars/month and that setup cost is S2 dollars. Further assume that
production is at a uniform rate of m units/month and x be the number of items produced each
run. The total average cost per month is expressed by
 
S1 N S2 N
C= 1− x+
2 m x

Assume that the storage cost/unit is S1 = 25 dollars/month, setup cost is S2 = 520 dollars, the
production m = 100 units/month and a company must supply N = 10 units/month. If the total
average cost per month is minimize, that is C = 1625 sin(x), find the number of items being
produced for each run by using three iterations of Newton Raphson method. Let initial guess,
x0 = 10.


Exercises: Secant Method

Exercise 2.14 Use secant method to estimate the root of

f (x) = −x2 − 6.45x + 9.15

Start with initial estimates x−1 = −10 and x0 = −9. Perform the computation until εa < 1%.
Calculate true percent relative error in each iteration if given true root is x = −7.6466. 

Exercise 2.15 Use secant method to estimate the root of

f (x) = exp(−x) − x2

Start with initial estimates x−1 = 1.25 and x0 = 1.4. Perform the computation until εa < 5%. 

Exercise 2.16 Use secant method to estimate the root of


x 1
ln + x2 = 2
2 5
Perform the three iterations with initial estimates x−1 = 4.0 and x0 = 4.5. 
Chapter 2. Roots of Equations

References 1. Chapra, C. S. & Canale, R. P. Numerical Methods for Engineers, Sixth Edition,
McGraw–Hill, 2010.

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