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Functions and Graphs Summary

This document provides a summary of key concepts related to functions and graphs. It defines various types of functions including power functions, root functions, polynomials, and describes their key features. It also covers concepts such as domain restrictions, coordinate geometry including finding the midpoint and distance between two points, types of relations, and tests for functions. Inverse functions and solving equations are discussed. Functions covered include power, root, linear, quadratic, cubic and their inverses.

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Lei Li
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

Functions and Graphs Summary

This document provides a summary of key concepts related to functions and graphs. It defines various types of functions including power functions, root functions, polynomials, and describes their key features. It also covers concepts such as domain restrictions, coordinate geometry including finding the midpoint and distance between two points, types of relations, and tests for functions. Inverse functions and solving equations are discussed. Functions covered include power, root, linear, quadratic, cubic and their inverses.

Uploaded by

Lei Li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions and Graphs Summary

Power Functions Vertical Line


Integer Power Function 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥=𝑘
Even 𝑛 ≥ 1 Odd 𝑛 ≥ 1

Side Parabola
𝑥=𝑦

1   ⎯⎯
𝑓 (𝑥) = √ 𝑥
Negative Power Function 𝑦 = ⎯⎯⎯= 𝑥   ⎯⎯
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = −√ 𝑥
1 1
𝑦 = ⎯⎯= 𝑥 𝑦 = ⎯⎯⎯= 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

Circle
𝑥 +𝑦 =𝑟

Root Functions 𝑦 = √⎯⎯


𝑥 = 𝑥 ⎯⎯   ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑟 − 𝑥
  ⎯⎯   ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝑦=√ 𝑥 = 𝑥 ⎯⎯ 𝑦 = √⎯⎯
𝑥 = 𝑥 ⎯⎯ 𝑓 (𝑥) = − 𝑟 − 𝑥

Polynomials
Linear (𝑥) Quadratic (𝑥 ) Cubic (𝑥 ) Quartic (𝑥 )

Key Features of Graphs


Axis intercepts, stationary points, points of inflection, domain (including maximal, implied or natural
domain), co-domain and range, asymptotic behaviour and symmetry.

Domain Restrictions 𝑦-intercept: 𝑥 = 0


1   ⎯⎯⎯⎯ 𝑦 = 𝑓(0)
⎯⎯⎯⎯ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥-intercept(s): 𝑦 = 0
𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 0 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 0 = 𝑓(𝑥)

Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦   ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
midpoint = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯, ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ distance = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = run + rise
2 2

rise 𝑦 −𝑦 𝑚 = tan(𝜃) 𝑚∥ × 𝑚 = −1
𝑚 = ⎯⎯⎯ 𝑚 = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
run 𝑥 −𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
⎯⎯⎯⎯ + ⎯⎯⎯⎯ = 1
𝑥-int 𝑦-int

Types of Relations
Many-to-Many Many-to-One One-to-Many One-to-One

Horizontal Line Test (Inverse Function Test) Vertical Line Test (Function Test)

Functions
𝑓: 𝐷 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = ⋯
Name: domain → co-domain (not range), rule

Function must be one-to-one or many-to-one (vertical line test).

Inverse Functions and Solving Equations


The rule of the inverse can be found by swapping the 𝑥 and 𝑦 in the equation.
This can also be seen as a reflection in the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.

𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑓 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥


There may be restrictions on the inside function and there may be more solutions to consider.

Inverse function must be one-to-one and must be written as 𝑓 : 𝐷 → 𝑅, 𝑓 (𝑥) = ⋯

Function Inverse
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = √⎯⎯
𝑥
1 ⎯⎯
𝑓(𝑥) = ⎯⎯⎯ 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑥
⎯⎯ ⎯⎯
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥

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