SOLAR AGRICULTURE WATER SPRAYER

PROJECTREPORT
Submitted By
18220790 SHEIK MOHAMMED A
18220793 SIVA KUMAR G

18220794 SUBIKSHAN J
18220805 YUVARAJA P

18287753 ARUN KUMAR P

UNDERTHEGUIDENCEOF

Mr,P.MURUGESAN. M.E.,

Submitted for partial fulfillment of the completion

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
OfTheDirectorateofTechnicalEducatio
n, Government ofTamilnadu,

2019-2020
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ARULMURUGAN POLYTECHNICCOLLEGE
(ANISO9001:2015CERTIFIEDINSTITUTION)

THENNILAI,KARUR-639206
 ARULMURUGAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
(ANISO9001:2015CERTIFIEDINSTITUTION)

THENNILAI,KARUR-639206

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICALENGINEERNG

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this bonafide record of the project done by…………………….

REG.NO..........OffinalyearDIPLOMAINMECANICALENGINEERING
Of this institution during the academic year 2019-2020

Project guide Head of department

Submittedtotheboardofdirectorateoftechnicaleducation,
Chennaiforthefinalyearpracticalexaminationheldon……………..

InternalExaminer ExternalExaminer
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere thanks to our beloved Chairman

Dr.PSK.R.PERIASWAMYfor providing us immense facilities in our
institution.
We proudly render our sincere thanks to our Principal Dr.R.ASOKAN, M.S.,
M.Tech.,Ph.Dfor the facilities and the encouragement given to complete this
project.
We proudly render our thanks to Dr.R.VENKATESH., M.E.,Ph.D Dean
Academic (Non-Circuit) for their effective leadership encouragement and
supportive guidance for this project.
We feel peak of pleasure in expressing our heartiest thanks to
Prof.V.ELANGO.,M.E.,(Ph.D).,MISTE Head of the Department
&Mr.K.PERIASAMY.,M.E.,(Ph.D).,MISTE coordinator of Mechanical
Engineering who always used to act as our pivot.
We proudly rendering our thanks to the Project CoordinatorMr.C.DINESH
BABU.,M.E.,MISTEAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering for his leadership encouragement and supportive guidance for this
project.
CONTENTS
 i
`CONTENTS

CHAPTER .NO TITLE PAGE. NO

ABSTRACT 1

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 LITREATURE REVIEW 6

3 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS 8

4 DESIGN AND DRAWING 29

5 MANUFACTUREING PROCESSES 31

6 WORKING PRINCIPLE 36

7 ADVANTAGES 38

8
APPLICATION 40

9 BILL OF MATERIALS 42

10 COST ESTIMATION 44

11 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE 47

BIBLIOGRAPHY 50

PHOTOGRAPHY 52
 ii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO

NUMBER

1 Overall Diagram 30
 iii

ABSTRACT
 ABSTRACT

Science is basically "passive" observation of the universe, as it exists to

generate knowledge. Engineering is making use of that knowledge to meet
human needs by creating machine, systems, process and technologies that have
not previously existed. Design and manufacturing are the synthetic part of
engineering practice. Manufacturer has received a lot of attention recently for
very good economic reasons. In Indian farms generally two types of spray
pumps are used for spraying; hand operated spray pump and fuel operated
spray pump. Of which hand operated spray pump is most popular. The main
drawback of hand operated spray pump is that the user can’t use it for more
than 5-6 hours continuously as he gets tired after some hours where as fuel
operated spray pump requires fuel which is expensive and availability of fuel is
not easy at rural places. At the same time it exhausts carbon dioxide as
pollutant which is harmful to our environment. In such situation we should
think to move towards some non-conventional energy.

1
 CHAPTER –I

INTRODUCTION

2
 INTRODUCTION

Solar spray are the ultimate cost effective solution at the locations where
spraying is required. This solar-powered spray pump system uses solar energy
as source. Solar energy is first used to charge a storage battery. The solar
energy stored in the battery is utilized to operate motor which functions as
pump. As the name of the paper suggests, it deals with the constant discharge
of water, compress air control system, solar power, battery charging,
monitoring as well as timer and non-conventional power controlling
techniques. As far as controlling is concerned, it include the parameters such as
pressure, water level, battery voltage, current, solar cell and discharge
condition. In this paper we are trying to make unique equipment for cultivation
users. So, in this paper committed to do something unique and useful
equipment with non-conventional source technique. Also reduce the weight of
solar spray jet as compare to diesel spray jet.

3
I.CONSTRUCTION

The base frame for housing the components required for performing pumping
operation is fabricated with the help of square tubes and channels by metal
cutting and metal joining process called welding. The solar panel is mounted on
the frame which is connected to wheels for its displacement. The solar panel is
connected with battery for storing the generated current. The dc pump
arrangement is directly couple to this battery in which its inlet end is dipped
inside the water reservoir and its outlet is connected to the multi sprayer
arrangement with number of nozzles mounted on it, for covering large areas.

4
 CHAPTER –II

LITERATUR REVIEW

5
 LITERATURE REVIEW

ATHUR:KumawatMukesh M, DipakWadavane , NaikAnkit ,

VidhateDipakGhugeChandrakant

SOLAR OPERATED PESTICIDE SPRAYER FOR AGRICULTURE

PURPOSE

Sprayers are mechanical devices that are specifically designed to spray

liquids quickly and easily. They come in a number of different varieties. In this
project we’ll take a look at solar operated mechanical sprayers. A sprayer of
this type is a great way to use solar energy. Solar based pesticides sprayer
pump is one of the improved version of petrol engine pesticide sprayer pump. It
is vastly used in the agriculture field & also used for many purposes. This is
having more advantages over petrol engine sprayer pump. It uses the solar
power to run the motor. So it is a pollution free pump compared to petrol
engine sprayer pump. In this charged battery can also use for home appliances
like glowing of CFL bulbs, mobile charging etc The solar panels make up most
(up to 80%) of the systems cost. The size of the PV-system is directly
dependent on the size of the pump, the amount of water that is required (m³/d)
and the solar irradiance available. The solar sprayer has many advantages.
Besides reducing the cost of spraying, there is a saving on fuel/petrol. Also, the
transportation cost for buying petrol is saved. The solar sprayer maintenance is
simple. There is less vibration The operation of solar powered pumps is more
economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costs and has
less environmental impact than pumps powered by an internal combustion
engine (ICE).

6
 CHAPTER-III

DESCRIPTION OFCOMPONENTS

7
 CHAPTER-III
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

MAJORCOMPONENTS

1. BATTERY

2. D C PUMP

3. SHEET METAL

4. SOLAR PANNEL

5. WHEEL

6. FRAME

7. SHAFT

8. METAL STRIP

9. BEARING

8
 BATTERY

In isolated systems away from the grid, batteries are used for storage of
excess solar energy converted into electrical energy. The only exceptions are
isolated sunshine load such as irrigation pumps or drinking water supplies for
storage. In fact for small units with output less than one kilowatt.
Batteries seem to be the only technically and economically available
storage means. Since both the photo-voltaic system and batteries are high in
capital costs. It is necessary that the overall system be optimized with respect to
available energy and local demand pattern. To be economically attractive the
storage of solar electricity requires a battery with a particular combination of
properties

9
 DC. PUMP

A pump is a device used to raise, compress, or transfer fluids. The motors that
power most pumps can be the focus of many best practices. It is common to
model the operation of pumps via pump and system curves. Pump curves offer
the horsepower, head, and flow rate figures for a specific pump at a constant
rpm. System curves describe the capacity and head required by a pump system.
An example of both of these curves may be seen in diagram.

10
Fig.5.1Example of pump and system curve, there may be better graphics
available)
Pump operation may be modeled by a system of affinity laws that show a
relationship between rpm, flow rate, and power. Understanding these basic
relationships, shown below, is very important in considering the performance
of a pumping system.

11
 SHEET METAL

Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces. It is

one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and it can be cut and bent
into a variety of shapes. Countless everyday objects are fabricated from sheet
metal. Thicknesses can vary significantly; extremely thin thicknesses are
considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are
considered plate.
Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. The coils are formed by
running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter.
There are many different metals that can be made into sheet metal, such
as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel and titanium. For decorative uses,
important sheet metals include silver, gold, and platinum (platinum sheet metal
is also utilized as a catalyst.)

12
Sheet metal is used to make the table.
Material - Mild steel
Size - 40*15cm
Thickness - 1mm

13
 SOLAR PANNEL

We recommend a solar array created from individual solar cells as

opposed to one made of prefabricated solar panels. It enhances the students'
learning and can result in a lighter solar array. Cells can be bought from either
Siemens or ASE Americas. Both sell the terrestrial-grade cells that are
permitted in the Winston Solar Challenge, and the cost for terrestrial-grade
cells are much lower than space-grade cells, though terrestrial-grade is less
efficient. Each solar cell should produce .5 volts at about 3 amps at peak
sunlight. The number of cells to use depends on their size and the allowable
solar area per Winston rules. Solar cells should be wired in series on a panel
and should be divided into several zones. For example, if you have 750 solar
cells, you might want to wire 3 sets of 250 cells, each zone producing about
125 volts. If one zone fails, two other zones are still producing power.

14
The solar array voltage does not need to match the system voltage of the motor
if you use power trackers. Power trackers convert the solar array voltage to the
system voltage. They are essential in a solar car. Be sure to verify with the
power tracker vendor the necessary array voltage to feed the power trackers. If
the car drives underneath shade, the power trackers automatically adjusts the
power to match system voltage, allowing the system to run as efficient as
possible. Power trackers are available from AERL.
Solar panel refers either to a photovoltaic module, a solar hot water panel, or to
a set of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules electrically connected and mounted on
a supporting structure. A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of
solar cells. Solar panels can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic
system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential
applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test
conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of
a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8%
efficient 230 watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt
module. There are a few solar panels available that are exceeding 19%
efficiency. A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power;
most installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically
includes a panel or an array of solar modules, an inverter, and sometimes a
battery and/or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.

15
 WHEEL

A tire(American English) or tire(British English)isa ring-shaped vehicle

component that covers the wheel’s rimto protect it and enable better vehicle
performance. Most tires, such as those for automobiles and bicycles, provide
tractionbetween the vehicle and the road while providing a flexible cushion that
absorbs shock.
The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber,natural rubber,
fabric and wire, along with carbon blackand other chemical compounds. They
consist of a tread and a body. The tread provides tractionwhile the body
provides containment for a quantity of compressed air. Before rubber was
developed, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted
around wooden wheels to prevent wear and tear. Early rubber tires were solid
(not pneumatic). Today, the majority of tires are pneumatic inflatable
structures, comprising a doughnut-shaped body of cords and wires encased in
rubber and generally filled with compressed air to form an inflatable cushion.
Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles, including cars, bicycles,
motorcycles, buses, trucks, heavy equipment, and aircraft. Metal tires are still
used on locomotivesandrailcars, and solid rubber (or other polymer) tires are
still used in various non-automotive applications, such as some casters,carts,
lawnmowers, , and wheelbarrows.

16
Hub material: steel

Tire: Plastic

Etymology and spelling:

Historically, the spelling was “tire” and is of French origin, which comes from
the word tire, to pull. The reason for this naming is that originally “tire”
referred to iron hoops or thick wires bound to carriage wheels. In French
blacksmithing the word for a drawn iron rod is a tirer, or pull. The same word
was often used for any metal drawing or rolling process. In an article in the
London Magazine/Intelligencer.

17
 METAL FRAME
The metal frame is generally made of mild steel bars for machining, suitable
for lightly stressed components including studs, bolts, gears and shafts. It can
be case-hardened to improve wear resistance. They are available in bright
rounds, squares and flats, and hot rolled rounds

Suitable machining allowances should therefore be added when ordering. It

does not contain any additions for enhancing mechanical or machining
properties. Bright drawn mild steel is an improved quality material, free of
scale, and has been cold worked (drawn or rolled) to size. It is produced to
close dimensional tolerances. Straightness and flatness are better than black
steel. It is more suitable for repetition precision machining. Bright drawn steel
has more consistent hardness, and increased tensile strength. Bright steel can
also be obtained in precision turned or ground form if desired.

18
 SHAFT

Shaft is a common and important machine element. It is a rotating member, in

general, has a circular cross-section and is used to transmit power. The shaft
may be hollow or solid. The shaft is supported on bearings and it rotates a set
of gears or pulleys for the purpose of power transmission. The shaft is generally
acted upon by bending moment, torsion and axial force. Design of shaft
primarily involves in determining stresses at critical point in the shaft that is
arising due to aforementioned loading. Other two similar forms of a shaft are
axle and spindle. Axle is a non-rotating member used for supporting rotating
wheels etc. and do nottransmit any torque. Spindle is simply defined as a short
shaft. However, design method remains the same for axle and spindle as that
for a shaft. 8.1.2 Standard sizes of Shafts Typical sizes of solid shaft that are
available in the market are, Up to 25 mm 0.5 mm increments 25 to 50 mm 1.0
mm increments 50 to 100 mm 2.0 mm increments 100 to 200 mm 5.0 mm
increments 8.1.3 Material for Shafts The ferrous, non-ferrous materials and non
metals are used as shaft material depending on the application. Some of the
common ferrous materials used for shaft are discussed below. Hot-rolled plain
carbon steel. These materials are least expensive. Since it is hot rolled, scaling
is always present on the surface and machining is required to make the surface
smooth.Since it is cold drawn it has got its inherent characteristics of smooth
bright finish. Amount of machining therefore is minimal.

19
Specifications

Shaft diameter: 12mm

Material: mild steel

Length:26 inch

20
Design considerations for shaft
For the design of shaft following two methods are adopted, Design based on
Strength In this method, design is carried out so that stress at any location of
the shaft should not exceed the material yield stress. However, no consideration
for shaft deflection and shaft twist is included. Design based on Stiffness Basic
idea of design in such case depends on the allowable deflection and twist of the
shaft.
Design based on Strength
The stress at any point on the shaft depends on the nature of load acting on it.
The stresses which may be present are as follows.
Basic stress equations:
Bending stress

Where,
M: Bending moment at the point of interest
do: Outer diameter of the shaft
k: Ratio of inner to outer diameters of the shaft ( k = 0 for a solid shaft because
inner diameter is zero )

21
Where,
F: Axial force (tensile or compressive)
α: Column-action factor(= 1.0 for tensile load)
The term α has been introduced in the equation. This is known as column
action factor. What is a column action factor? This arises due the phenomenon
of buckling of long slender members which are acted upon by axial
compressive loads.
Here, α is defined as,

Where,

n = 1.0 for hinged end

n = 2.25 for fixed end
n = 1.6 for ends partly restrained, as in bearing
K = least radius of gyration,
L = shaft length
σyc = yield stress in compression
Stress due to torsion

22
METAL STRIP

Specifications

Length: 50cm

Width: 5cm

Thickness: 4mm

Metal strip is narrow, thin stock that is usually 3/16 in. (4.76 mm) or less in
thickness and under 24 in. (609.6 mm) in width. Metal strips are formed to precise
thicknesses and/or width requirements.

How Metal Strip is made?

Metal strip can be designed and manipulated through a large number of processes
which are grouped into categories. They are joining and assembly processes,
deformation processes, material removal processes, heat treating processes, and
finishing processes.

Joining and assembly processes include welding, soldering, brazing, fastening, and

23
 BALL BEARING

A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain

the separation between the bearing races.
The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and
support radial and axial loads. It achieves this by using at least three races to
contain the balls and transmit the loads through the balls. In most applications,
one race is stationary and the other is attached to the rotating assembly (e.g., a
hub or shaft). As one of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate as
well. Because the balls are rolling they have a much lower coefficient of
friction than if two flat surfaces were sliding against each other.
Ball bearings tend to have lower load capacity for their size than other kinds of
rolling-element bearings due to the smaller contact area between the balls and
races. However, they can tolerate some misalignment of the inner and outer
races.

SPECIFICATION

INNER DIA :12mm

OUTER DIA : 37mm

24
DESIGN
ANGULAR CONTACT
An angular contact ball bearing uses axially asymmetric races. An axial load
passes in a straight line through the bearing, whereas a radial load takes an
oblique path that acts to separate the races axially. So the angle of contact on
the inner race is the same as that on the outer race. Angular contact bearings
better support combined loads (loading in both the radial and axial directions)
and the contact angle of the bearing should be matched to the relative
proportions of each. The larger the contact angle (typically in the range 10 to
45 degrees), the higher the axial load supported, but the lower the radial load.
In high speed applications, such as turbines, jet engines, and dentistry
equipment, the centrifugal forces generated by the balls changes the contact
angle at the inner and outer race. Ceramics such as silicon nitride are now
regularly used in such applications due to their low density (40% of steel).
These materials significantly reduce centrifugal force and function well in high
temperature environments. They also tend to wear in a similar way to bearing
steel—rather than cracking or shattering like glass or porcelain.
Most bicycles use angular-contact bearings in the headsets because the forces
on these bearings are in both the radial and axial direction.

25
AXIAL
An axial or thrust ball bearing uses side-by-side races. An axial load is
transmitted directly through the bearing, while a radial load is poorly supported
and tends to separate the races,so that a larger radial load is likely to damage
the bearing.

DEEP-GROOVE
In a deep-groove radial bearing, the race dimensions are close to the
dimensions of the balls that run in it. Deep-groove bearings support higher
loads than a shallower groove. Like angular contact bearings, deep-groove
bearingssupport both radial and axial loads, but without a choice of contact
angle to allow choice of relative proportion of these load capacities.

PRELOADED PAIRS
The above basic types of bearings are typically applied in a method
of preloaded pairs, where two individual bearings are rigidly fastened along a
rotating shaft to face each other. This improves the axial runout by taking up
(preloading) the necessary slight clearance between the bearing balls and races.
Pairing also provides an advantage of evenly distributing the loads, nearly
doubling the total load capacity compared to a single bearing. Angular contact
bearings are almost always used in opposing pairs: the asymmetric design of
each bearing supports axial loads in only one direction, so an opposed pair is
required if the application demands support both directions.

26
LUBRICATION
For a bearing to operate properly, it needs to be lubricated. In most cases
the lubricant is based on elastohydrodynamic effect (by oil or grease) but
working at extreme temperatures dry lubricated bearings are also available.

For a bearing to have its nominal lifespan at its nominal maximum load, it
must be lubricated with a lubricant (oil or grease) that has at least the minimum
dynamic viscosity

For a bearing where average of outer diameter of bearing and diameter of

axle hole is 50 mm, and that is rotating at 3000 RPM, recommended dynamic
viscosity is 12 mm²/s.

Note that dynamic viscosity of oil varies strongly with temperature: a

temperature increase of 50–70 °C causes the viscosity to decrease by factor 10.

If the viscosity of lubricant is higher than recommended, lifespan of

bearing increases, roughly proportional to square root of viscosity. If the
viscosity of the lubricant is lower than recommended, the lifespan of the
bearing decreases, and byhow much depends on which type of oil being used.
For oils with EP ('extreme pressure') additives, the lifespan is proportional to
the square root of dynamic viscosity, just as it was for too high viscosity, while
for ordinary oils lifespan is proportional to the square of the viscosity if a
lower-than-recommended viscosity is used.

27
 CHAPTER –IV

DESIGN AND DRAWING

28
 SOLAR AGRICULTURE WATER SPRAYER

S.NO PART NAME S.NO PAER NAME S.N PART NAME

O
01 SOLAR PANEL 04 DC PUMP 07 BATTERY

02 HANDLE 05 NOZZLE 08 WHEEL

03 STORAGE 06 FRAME
TANK

29
 CHAPTER-V

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

30
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Manufacturing processes are the steps through which raw materials are
transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the
creation of the materials from which the design is made. These materials are
then modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part.
Manufacturing processes can include treating (such as heat treating or coating),
machining, or reshaping the material. The manufacturing process also includes
tests and checks for quality assurance during or after the manufacturing, and
planning the production process prior to manufacturing.

SAWING:
Cold saws are saws that make use of a circular saw blade to cut through various
types of metal, including sheet metal. The name of the saw has to do with the
action that takes place during the cutting process, which manages to keep both
the metal and the blade from becoming too hot. A cold saw is powered with
electricity and is usually a stationary type of saw machine rather than a portable
type of saw.

31
The circular saw blades used with a cold saw are often constructed of high
speed steel. Steel blades of this type are resistant to wear even under daily
usage. The end result is that it is possible to complete a number of cutting
projects before there is a need to replace the blade.High speed steel blades are
especially useful when the saws are used for cutting through thicker sections of
metal.

WELDING:
Welding is a process for joining similar metals. Welding joins metals by
melting and fusing 1, the base metals being joined and 2, the filler metal
applied. Welding employs pinpointed, localized heat input. Most welding
involves ferrous-based metals such as steel and stainless steel.Weld joints are
usually stronger than or as strong as the base metals being joined.

32
Welding is used for making permanent joints. It is used in the manufacture of
automobile bodies, aircraft frames, railway wagons, machine frames, structural
works, tanks, furniture, boilers, general repair work and ship building.

OPERATION:
Several welding processes are based on heating with an electric arc, only a few
are considered here, starting with the oldest, simple arc welding, also known as
shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) or stick welding. 
In this process an electrical machine (which may be DC or AC, but nowadays
is usually AC) supplies current to an electrode holder which carries an
electrode which is normally coated with a mixture of chemicals or flux. An
earth cable connects the work piece to the welding machine to provide a return
path for

33
the current. The weld is initiated by tapping ('striking') the tip of the electrode
against the work piece which initiates an electric arc. The high temperature
generated (about 6000oC) almost instantly produces a molten pool and the end
of the electrode continuously melts into this pool and forms the joint.

The operator needs to control the gap between the electrode tip and the work
piece while moving the electrode along the joint.

DRILLNG:
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool,
often multipoint. The bit is pressed against the work piece and rotated at rates
from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting
edge against the work piece, cutting off chips (sward) from the hole as it is
drille.

34
 CHAPTER-VI

WORKING PRINCIPLE

35
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

When the solar panel is contacted to the solar light waves, it observes the light
and convert it into electricity with the help of photovoltaic effect, the generated
electricity is stored inside the battery directly. This power is utilised by the dc
pump which is connected to the battery, when the dc pump gets activated it
intakes the water from the reservoir and exhaust it with high pressure at the
multi sprayer arrangement. Thesepressurised water is forced from the nozzle
for performing water sprinkling operation.

36
CHAPTER-VII

ADVANTAGES

37
ADVANTAGES

 More economical
 Easy to clean and maintain
 It is a renewable energy source
 It does not create air pollutant & noise
 Easy to handle
 Fuel is not needed for its operation, hence cost reduction is achieved.

38
CHAPTER-VIII

APPLICATION

39
 APPLICATION

 This setup can be applied for medium and large fields for performing
different spraying operations.

40
 CHAPTER-IX

BILL OF MATERIAL

41
 BILL OF MATERIAL

S DESCIRPTION QTY MATERIAL

N

SOLAR PANNEL 1 ELECTRICAL

1
2 BATTERY 1 ELECTRICAL

3 BEARING 6 STAINLESS STEEL

4 FRAME AS PER MILD STEEL

REWUIRMENT
5 SHAFT AS PER MILD STEEL
REWUIRMENT
6 METAL STRIP AS PER MILD STEEL
REWUIRMENT
7 SHEET METAL 1 MILD STEEL

8 D C PUMP 1 PLASTIC

9 WHEEL 4 PLASTIC

42
 CHAPTER-X

COST ESTIMATION

43
 CHAPTER-X
COSTESTIMATION

44
 LABOUR COST

Turning =Rs.100/-

Drilling =Rs.100/-

Welding =Rs.100/-

Grinding =Rs.100/-

PowerHacksaw =Rs.100/-

Total Labour Cost =Rs.500/-

OVERHEAD CHARGES

TheOverheadChargesAreArrivedBy“ManufacturingCost”

Manufacturing cost =material cost + labour cost

= 4950 + 500

Overhead Charges =10%ofthemanufacturingcost

=Rs.550/-
TOTAL COST

Total Cost = Material Cost + Labour Cost + Overhead Cost

= 4950 + 500 + 550

Total Cost = Rs.6000/-

TOTAL COST FOR THIS PROJECT =Rs.6000/-

45
 CHAPTER-XI

CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE

46
i.CONCLUSION

Proposed model made it possible using simple and effective principle of storing
sun energy in battery through constant supply of voltage from solar charge
controller and then with the use of selected pump and nozzle, spraying
operation can be carried out
Fatigue and Stress that usually generates during working condition for the
farmers has been reduced considerably after adopting ergonomic techniques
during designing.
Hence analyzing the function v/s cost with the presently available equipment
in market, solar sprayer equipment is more efficient with comparatively lesser
cost.

47
ii.REFERENCE

1. Sukhatme, S.P., “Handbook of solar energy”, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-

Hill: ISBN 0-07-462453-9, 2001.
2. World Energy Outlook, Paris: IEA, 2015. Retrieved on 24/06/2017.
3. Akshay, M.N. and Waghmare, G., “Design and fabrication of solar
operated sprayer for agricultural purpose”National Conference on
Innovative Trends in Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 7, 2016.
4. Pritam J.M., Yogesh G.A., Akash S.B. and RajendraS.k., “Solar operated
spray pump” International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET), Vol. 03, No. 02, 2016.
5. Joshua, R., Vasu, V. and Vincent, P., “Solar Sprayer - An Agriculture
Implement”, International Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2 (1): 16-19,
2010.
6. Chavan, R., Hussain, M., Mahadeokar, S., Nichat, S. and Devasagayam
D., “Design and construction of solar powered agricultural pesticide
sprayer” International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in
Computer Science, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015.
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1. Design Data Book - P.S.G.Tech

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