David Lopez Lawsuit
David Lopez Lawsuit
David Lopez Lawsuit
in the above-entitled and numbered cause and files this his Original Petition, complaining of
STEVEN F. HOTZE (“Hotze”) and LIBERTY CENTER FOR GOD AND COUNTRY (“Liberty
Center”) and (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Defendants"), and for cause of action would
I.
DISCOVERY LEVEL
Pursuant to Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 190.1 and 190.4, Discovery will be conducted
II.
PARTIES
Plaintiff is a resident of Houston, Harris County, Texas now and at the time the cause of
action accrued.
Defendant, STEVEN F. HOTZE is an individual who may be served at his office, 20214
Braidwood Drive, Katy TX 77450 or at his residence 5514 Russett Drive, Houston, Texas 77056.
Plaintiff’s Original Petition
Page 1 of 17
Defendant, LIBERTY CENTER FOR GOD AND COUNTRY is a purported domestic
nonprofit entity and may be served through its registered agent STEVEN F. HOTZE at its office,
III.
Venue is proper in Harris County, Texas, pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §15.001,
et. seq., because all or a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim that is the
basis of this suit, occurred in Harris County, Texas and Harris County was the Defendants county of
This Court has jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter of this action because the
Plaintiff seeks damages in an amount within the jurisdictional limits of this Court.
Plaintiff seeks monetary relief over $1,000,000 pursuant to Rule 47, Texas rule of Civil
Procedure, for bodily injury, physical pain, past and future mental anguish, exemplary damages and
attorney fees.
IV.
FACTS
In October 2020, David Lopez was a family man and a productive member of this
community. As part of his work as an air conditioning repairman he drove a box truck containing
his tools and equipment to various Houston-area job sites to support himself and his family. David
Lopez has no significant political ties or affiliations and never has. Instead, he was focused on
taking care of his customers and making a living for his family. Meanwhile, that was not what
Defendants were doing. Unbeknownst to Mr. Lopez, in the days and weeks leading up to the events
Defendants as a key figure in Defendants’ bizarre and unfounded claims of massive voter fraud and
Defendants’ well-funded efforts to expose baseless, non-existent claims of voter fraud. What
happened next at the hands of Defendants would turn David Lopez’s world upside down, cause him
to fear for his life and has left him mentally and emotionally shaken.
For David Lopez, October 19, 2020 began early as his workdays typically did. By 5:30 am,
he was driving his box truck to get started on his first job of the day. He never made it. Instead,
David Lopez was assaulted and falsely imprisoned by Mark Anthony Aguirre, a former
Captain with the Houston Police Department, while working for and under the direct supervision of
Defendants Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center for God and Country. Aguirre was discharged by
HPD in 2003 in part for his wrongful use of police tactics of which Defendants had actual
In the predawn darkness of October 19, 2020, Mark Aguirre, while working for and under the
direct supervision of Defendants, Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center for God and Country, without
warning, intentionally rammed his SUV into the box truck that David Lopez was operating at
approximately 5:30 a.m. Mark Aguirre, driving a black SUV, pulled into David Lopez’s lane and
intentionally struck the back of his vehicle. David Lopez immediately pulled over and walked to the
rear of his box truck to determine the welfare of Mark Aguirre. Mark Aguirre exited the black SUV
and pointed a pistol at David Lopez. David Lopez feared for his life, believing Mark Aguirre was
robbing him. With his loaded gun pointed at Mr. Lopez, Defendant Aguirre began shouting orders.
Fearing that “he is going to shoot me” and that his life was about to end on the side of the road,
held a gun to him and placed his knee on David Lopez’s back. Additional vehicles driven by
Aguirre’s accomplices pulled up to the scene and participated in Aguirre’s assault while Aguirre
held David Lopez at gun point on the ground with his knee on his back. Aguirre ordered an
accomplice to search the box truck while he detained David Lopez. David Lopez overheard the
accomplice report to Aguirre that the box truck was clear. With David Lopez still face down on the
side of the road at gunpoint with Aguirre’s knee in his back at gunpoint, and without permission, one
of Aguirre’s accomplices stole David Lopez’s box truck and drove it from the scene. During the
entire episode David Lopez was laying on the ground with Aguirre’s knee on his back and pistol to
his head. At one point, Aguirre cocked his pistol, one errant move from taking Lopez’s life. David
Lopez feared for his life and believed he was being robbed since his truck was being stolen and
driven away by an accomplice. A Houston Police Officer happened upon the scene and stopped.
The box truck was later located where it had been abandoned a few blocks away in the 1440 block of
Anagnot Street.
Aguirre stated to the HPD officer that he was part of a group of private citizens that call
themselves Liberty Center for God and Country and that they were investigating a voter fraud ballot
harvesting conspiracy that they believed David Lopez was operating out of his home. Aguirre stated
that he and his friends set up a command post at the Springfield Suites Marriott located at 1820
Country Place, Pearland, Brazoria County, Texas. He also stated to HPD officers that he and his
friends had been conducting 24-hour surveillance on Lopez’s home for the past 4 days and that
David Lopez had approximately 750,000 fraudulent mail ballots in his possession and that Lopez
was using Hispanic children to sign the ballots because the children’s fingerprints would not appear
firearm at Lopez and held him on the ground at gunpoint. Aguirre refused to provide the names of
his accomplices who were assisting him and conducting the surveillance. Aguirre stated to the
investigating officer that he (investigating officer) could be “a hero or part of the problem.” Aguirre
also stated to the investigating officer “I just hope you’re a patriot” and that he (Aguirre) had already
contacted the Texas Rangers, Ken Paxton and the Regional Director of the Texas Department of
Public Safety for assistance. Lopez then agreed to allow the search of his home where he lives with
The group traveled with Aguirre to where Lopez lived in Harris County. Aguirre pointed out
where he would park his car to conduct surveillance. Lopez confirmed that the residence and shed
belonged to him and Lopez allowed HPD to search his vehicle, home and storage shed. Lopez had
no other way to return to freedom except to allow this invasion of his privacy and prove he had done
nothing wrong. HPD searched the mobile home, shed and vehicle and found absolutely no evidence
of voter fraud or ballot harvesting. The HPD officer also found that Lopez’s box truck contained
equipment consistent with his occupation as an air conditioning repair technician. They also found
Lopez’s home to be appropriately furnished as a family home and the home to be filled with ordinary
The senior investigator received a phone call from Lt. Wayne Rubio with the Texas Attorney
General’s office. Lt. Rubio stated that Aguirre contacted him on October 16, 2020 (3 days prior to
the incident), to request that the Attorney General’s office conduct a traffic stop for his investigation.
Lt. Rubio told Aguirre he could not assign a police unit to conduct a traffic stop. Lt. Rubio stated he
received a second call from Aguirre on October 19, 2020 (the date of the incident) and was told that
individual, David Lopez. Lt. Rubio further stated that Aguirre seemed upset that the Department of
Public Safety would not stop and detain an individual based solely on Aguirre’s uncorroborated and
The senior officer reviewed the body worn camera recordings made by the first officer on the
scene and confirmed that Aguirre was detaining Lopez by kneeling on his back with a firearm.
Aguirre further acknowledged that one of his co-conspirators moved Lopez’s box truck to a
parking lot and it was searched without permission from the owner, David Lopez. The senior
investigator confirmed that two rooms at the Spring Hill Suites by Marriott had been rented by
Aguirre from October 17, 2020 through October 21, 2020. It was further confirmed that Aguirre had
received wire transfers of over $250,000 from an account owned and controlled by Liberty Center
for God and Country in the month proceeding the aggravated assault and false imprisonment and
immediately after the incident. Liberty Center for God and Country paid money to Aguirre in three
installments, one in September, and two in October of 2019. Two of the payments were received
prior to the aggravated assault and false imprisonment and the third payment on October 20, 2020,
the day after the aggravated assault and false imprisonment. A clear ratification of Aguirre’s actions.
Aguirre was charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon by the Harris County
released on a $30,000 bond. The Harris County DA is quoted as stating “He crossed the line from
dirty politics to commission of a violent crime and we are lucky no one was killed.” The DA also
stated “His (Aguirre) alleged investigation was backward from the start-first alleging a crime had
occurred and then trying to prove it happened.” Aguirre’s claims of election fraud were found to be
V.
STEVEN F. HOTZE AND THE LIBERTY CENTER FOR GOD AND COUNTRY
Steven F. Hotze, a local physician with a history of pursuing unfounded voter conspiracy
theories, owns, operates and controls the Liberty Center for God and Country under the pretense of a
charitable, religious and educational purpose. Said entity was established in August of 2020. Since
its inception, Liberty Center for God and Country has been utilized to push unfounded conspiracy
theories in the election arena. Surprisingly, one of its mission statements is, “Civil Law Must be
Hotze has confirmed that he and Liberty Center paid Aguirre as a contract investigator to
pursue allegations of election fraud in Harris County and that he provided tips and leads to Aguirre.
He acknowledged that he paid Aguirre, through his group Liberty Center, $266,400 to investigate
alleged voter fraud, $211,000 of this payment was made the day after Aguirre’s assault on Lopez.
Hotze, a local physician who owns and operates Hotze Health & Wellness Center, has a long
history of pursuing and alleging bizarre unfounded voter fraud allegations. Some of his actions
include a handwritten letter to former President Trump in November of 2020 acknowledging that he
“hired 20 private investigators to discover, expose and disrupt the massive vote harvesting election
fraud scheme of the Democrat communists in Harris County, Houston, Texas” and further stated
“The communists Democrats are thieves who had an organized fraud scheme to steal the election
expand voting amid the COVID-19 pandemic, including a rejected effort to toss 127,000 legitimate
Harris County votes. Aguirre filed at least one affidavit in Hotze’s lawsuit claiming he had evidence
VI.
At all times relevant to the incident, all of the acts and omissions complained of herein were
acting within the course and scope of their employment or agency and who were acting under the
direction or control of Defendants. Consequently, Defendants are vicariously liable for all of the acts
and/or omissions that were committed by those persons within the course and scope of their
At all times relevant to the incident, Mark Aguirre acted within the course and scope of his
employment with one or more of the Defendants named herein; therefore, said Defendants are
vicariously liable for all acts of negligence or intentional conduct committed by Defendant Mark
Aguirre.
If Defendant Mark Aguirre is found to have acted outside the scope of his employment with
Defendants at the time of the incident, Plaintiff, David Lopez, asserts that:
Mark Aguirre committed acts material to the incident while he was acting within his
“apparent authority” to accomplish the wrongful acts, and as such, was acting within the “apparent
scope” of his employment with Defendants, Steven F. Hotze and/or Liberty Center for God and
Country; therefore, Defendants Steven F. Hotze and/or Liberty Center for God and Country and/or
all Defendants doing business as Liberty Center for God and Country, are liable for the acts of Mark
Aguirre.
Mark Aguirre committed acts material to the incident while he was acting within his
“apparent authority” to accomplish the wrongful acts, and as such, was acting within the “apparent
scope” of his employment with Defendant Liberty Center for God and Country.
If the Defendants allege they had no duty regarding one or more of the acts or omissions
asserts that:
“Under the aided-in-agency theory, an employer may be held liable for the
intentional torts of an employee acting outside the scope of his or her employment if
the employee ‘was aided in accomplishing the tort by the existence of the agency
relation.’”
Defendants are also jointly liable under the theory of ratification. The elements of
ratification are the adoption or confirmation by a person, with knowledge of all material facts, of a
prior act which did not then legally bind that person and which that person had the right to repudiate.
Defendants failed to repudiate the actions of Mark Aguirre and in fact clearly ratified the actions
and conduct of Aguirre by compensating him the day after the incident in the amount of $211,000.
The Plaintiff, David Lopez was injured because of a tort committed by Mark Aguirre. Mark
Center for God and Country. The tort was committed while Mark Aguirre was an employee,
apparent or ostensible agent, while acting within the scope of his employment and agency and within
his general authority and in furtherance of the Defendants business and for the accomplishment of
VII.
RATIFICATION
Defendants Steven F. Hotze and/or Liberty Center for God and Country approved the acts
and/or conduct of Mark Aguirre after acquiring full knowledge and/or conduct and the Defendants
approval was given with the intention of giving validity to the agent or non-agents act or conduct.
The agent or non-agent, Mark Aguirre committed the act or conduct (assault and false imprisonment)
on behalf of the Defendants. Said actions resulted in bodily injury, physical pain and mental anguish
VIII.
FALSE IMPRISONMENT
The Defendants by and through their apparent or ostensible agent Aguirre intentionally and
willfully detained the Plaintiff, such detention was without the Plaintiff’s consent and such reckless
More specifically, Aguirre rammed the rear of Lopez’s truck in a successful attempt to get
him to stop. Once stopped he assaulted Lopez by kneeling on his back and threatened him with a
loaded pistol, all of which placed Lopez in fear of his life, intentionally detaining him, without
IX.
ASSAULT
The Defendants by and through their agent acted intentionally, knowingly and/or recklessly.
The agent, Mark Aguirre, made contact with David Lopez and the contact by the apparent or
and their agent threatened the Plaintiff with imminent bodily injury and the threat caused injury to
the Plaintiff.
On October 29, 2020, Mark Aguirre intentionally, knowingly and/or recklessly caused
physical contact with Plaintiff, David Lopez, in that he knew or should have reasonably known that
Said assault and false imprisonment by Defendant Mark Aguirre resulted in bodily injury,
physical pain and mental anguish sustained by David Lopez, for which he sues.
X.
CIVIL CONSPIRACY
the ramming of Lopez vehicle, unlawful stop of Lopez vehicle, unlawful search of Lopez’s vehicle,
unlawful surveillance of Lopez and his home and family, unlawful false imprisonment and assault of
Lopez. In addition, Defendants each conspired to conceal the assault on David Lopez, taking steps to
falsify, conceal, and destroy evidence by stealing his truck and moving it to another location and
Lopez sues.
Defendant Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center and his agent, Mark Aguirre conspired to
accomplish an unlawful purpose or a lawful purpose by unlawful means. Steven F. Hotze and Mark
Aguirre had a meeting of the minds on the object or course of action to be taken and Mark Aguirre
committed an unlawful overt act to further the object or course of action and as a result the Plaintiff
suffered bodily injury, physical pain and mental anguish as a proximate result of the wrongful act or
acts.
XI.
Defendants are also liable for civil theft. The Texas Civil Practices and Remedies Code
§§134.001-134.005 governs civil liability for theft. Pursuant to the statute, the Defendants are liable
under Texas Penal Code §31.03 and §31.04. Defendants’ actions (unlawfully commandeering his
truck and unlawfully searching it) amount to a theft of real or personal property and/or a theft of
service and thus are actionable under the auspices of The Theft Liability Act. Defendants’ theft
XII.
Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center aided and abetted the conduct and the tort committed by
Mark Aguirre. Defendant Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center had knowledge that the primary
actor’s conduct/Mark Aguirre constituted a tort and Hotze had the intent to assist the primary actor,
Aguirre, in committing the tort and gave the primary actor assistance or encouragement to commit
anguish and such assistance or encouragement was a substantial factor in causing the tort.
XIII.
ACTUAL AUTHORITY
Defendant Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center intentionally conferred authority on the agent,
Mark Aguirre and intentionally allowed the agent, Mark Aguirre, to believe he had authority or
through the lack of due care, allowed the agent to believe he had authority. The agent, Mark
Aguirre, was acting within the scope of his agency when he committed the torts of assault and false
XIV.
APPARENT AUTHORITY
Defendants, Steven F. Hotze and Liberty Center affirmatively held the agent or non-agent as
having authority to act on his behalf and knowingly permitting the agent, Mark Aguirre, or non-
agent, to hold himself out as having authority or acting with such a lack of ordinary care as to clothe
the agent or non-agent with indicia of authority. Defendants’ conduct caused the agent to commit
the torts of false imprisonment and assault causing physical pain, bodily injury and mental anguish.
XV.
Defendants’ acts or omissions complained of herein jointly and severally were intentional
and reckless, their conduct was extreme and outrageous in character and so extreme in degree as to
go beyond all possible bounds of decency as to be regarded as atrocious and utterly intolerable in a
civilized community. Defendants are further responsible for the intentional acts of Aguirre as further
complained of herein, Defendants are guilty of intentional infliction of emotional distress upon
The Defendants acted intentionally or recklessly and as a result the Plaintiff, David Lopez,
suffered emotional distress that was severe, and the Defendants conduct by and through its apparent
or ostensible agent was extreme and outrageous. The Defendants and the agents conduct
proximately caused the Plaintiff’s emotional distress and no alternative causes of action will provide
a remedy for the severe emotional distress caused by Defendants and their agent’s conducts.
XVI.
PROXIMATE CAUSE
Each and every, all and singular of the foregoing acts and omissions, on the part of
Defendants, taken separately and/or collectively, constitute a direct and proximate cause of the
bodily injuries, physical pain and mental anguish and damages set forth below.
XVII.
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES
Defendants had a specific intent to cause, and did cause, substantial injury or harm to the
Plaintiff.
Defendants and Mark Aguirre's acts or omissions described above, when viewed from the
standpoint of Mark Aguirre at the time of the act or omission, involved an extreme degree of risk,
considering the probability and magnitude of the potential harm to Plaintiff. Defendants and Mark
Aguirre had actual, subjective awareness of the risk involved in the above-described acts or
omissions, but nevertheless proceeded with conscious indifference to the rights, safety, or welfare of
Defendants had a specific intent to cause substantial injury or harm to the Plaintiff.
Defendants and Mark Aguirre, acts or omissions when viewed from the standpoint of Mark
Aguirre at the time of the act or omission, involved an extreme degree of risk, considering the
probability and magnitude of the potential harm to Plaintiff and others. Mark Aguirre had actual,
subjective awareness of the risk involved in the above-described acts or omissions, but nevertheless
proceeded with conscious indifference to the rights, safety, or welfare of Plaintiff and others.
Based on the facts stated herein, Plaintiff requests exemplary damages be awarded to
XVIII.
David Lopez seeks recovery of pre-judgment and post-judgment interest as permitted by law.
XIX.
RESERVATION OF RIGHTS
David Lopez reserves the right to prove the amount of damages at trial and to amend his
Petition to add additional claims upon further discovery and as his investigation and formal
discovery continues.
XX.
XXI.
disclose, the information and documents listed in Rule 194.2 (b) (1) – (12) must be produced to the
office of Plaintiff’s attorney no later than thirty (30) days after the first answer or general appearance
is filed. Pursuant to Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 99(c) you are advised.
XXII.
DAMAGES/REMEDIES
1) physical pain;
3) statutory damages;
4) exemplary damages;
5) attorneys fees both as required to respond to the events Defendants set in motion and as
6) appropriate injunctive relief to restrain defendants from further vigilantism and unlawful
XXIII.
PRAYER
appear and answer herein, and that upon final hearing Plaintiff have judgment against Defendants,
jointly and severely, for their compensatory damages, together with pre-judgment and post-judgment
interest as provided by law, exemplary damages, costs of court, attorneys fees and for other and
Plaintiff’s Original Petition
Page 16 of 17
further relief, at law and in equity to which Plaintiff may show himself justly entitled to receive.
Respectfully Submitted,