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Chapter 5 - Database Management System - Pure Lecture

The document discusses database management systems and compares them to file processing systems. It describes that a DBMS stores and organizes related data and allows for easy access, while file processing systems require knowing the file hierarchy. It also summarizes the benefits of DBMS like reduced redundancy, improved data integrity, security and access compared to file systems.

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Mark Lawrence Yusi
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396 views26 pages

Chapter 5 - Database Management System - Pure Lecture

The document discusses database management systems and compares them to file processing systems. It describes that a DBMS stores and organizes related data and allows for easy access, while file processing systems require knowing the file hierarchy. It also summarizes the benefits of DBMS like reduced redundancy, improved data integrity, security and access compared to file systems.

Uploaded by

Mark Lawrence Yusi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database

Management
System
Database Management System (DBMS)
• Database is a collection of data
• DBMS is a collection of inter-related data and set of programs
to store & access those data in an easy and effective manner.

Click each icon


or its play
button to play
sound.
File Processing System
• Files are used to store various documents.
• All files are grouped based on their categories.
• The file names are very related to each other and arranged
properly to easily access the files.
• If one needs to insert, delete, modify, store or update data, one
must know the entire hierarchy of the files.
DBMS vs File Processing System
• No redundant data: Redundancy removed by data normalization. No
data duplication saves storage and improves access time.
• Data Consistency and Integrity: The root cause of data inconsistency
is data redundancy. Since data normalization takes care of the data
redundancy, data inconsistency also been taken care of as part of it
• Data Security: It is easier to apply access constraints in database
systems so that only authorized user is able to access the data. Each
user has a different set of access thus data is secured from the issues
such as identity theft, data leaks and misuse of data.
DBMS over File Processing System
• Privacy: Limited access means privacy of data.
• Easy access to data – Database systems manages data in such a way
so that the data is easily accessible with fast response times.
• Easy recovery: Since database systems keeps the backup of data, it is
easier to do a full recovery of data in case of a failure.
• Flexible: Database systems are more flexible than file processing
systems.
Types of DBMS Architecture
There are three types of DBMS architecture:
1. Single tier architecture
2. Two tier architecture
3. Three tier architecture
Single-tier Architecture
• Database is readily available on the client
machine
• Any request made by client doesn’t
require a network connection to perform
the action on the database.
Two-tier Architecture
• The database system is present at the server
machine
• The DBMS application is present at the client
machine
• These two machines are connected with each
other through a reliable network as shown in
the diagram.
Three-tier Architecture
• Another layer is present between the client machine
and server machine.
• The client application doesn’t communicate directly
with the database systems present at the server
machine
• The client application communicates with server
application and the server application internally
communicates with the database system present at
the server.
Database Schema
• The skeleton structure that
represents the logical view
of the entire database.
• It defines how the data is
organized and how the
relations among them are
associated.
• It formulates all the
constraints that are to be
applied on the data.
Database Models
A database model shows the logical structure of a database,
including the relationships and constraints that determine how
data can be stored and accessed.
• Relational databases
• Hierarchical databases
• Network databases
• Object-oriented databases
Table/Relation

Relational
Table/Relation Database
Model
Relational Database Model
• Sorts data into tables (also called relations) consisting of
columns and rows
• Each column lists an attribute of the entity in question, such as
price, zip code, or birth date.
• The attributes in a relation are called a domain.
• A particular attribute or combination of attributes is chosen as a
primary key
• Each row, also called a tuple, includes data about a specific
instance of the entity in question, such as a particular employee.
• The model also accounts for the types of relationships between
those tables, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-
many relationships.
Hierarchical Database Model
• Resembles an upside-down tree
• Files are related in a parent-child manner
• Each parent capable of relating to more than one child
• But each child only being related to one parent.
Object-Oriented Database Mode
• An object database is a system
in which information is
represented in the form of
objects as used in object-
oriented programming
The DB-Engines Ranking ranks database management system according
to their popularity. The ranking is updated monthly.
DBMS Languages
User can access, update, delete, and store data or information in
the database using database languages. The following are
the databases languages in the database management system:
• Data Definition Language
• Data Manipulation Language
• Data Control Language
• Transaction Control Language
Data Definition Language (DDL)
DDL is used for defining the structure or schema of the database. It is
also used for creating tables, indexes, applying constraints, etc. in the
database.
• Create - create a new table or a new database.
• Alter - alter or change the structure of the database table.
• Drop - delete a table, index, or views from the database.
• Truncate - delete the records or data from the table, but its structure
remains as it is.
• Rename - rename an object from the database.
• Comment - used for adding comments to our table.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
DML is a language used to access or manipulate the data in the
database. In simple words, this language is used to retrieve the data
from the database, insert new data into the database, and delete the
existing data from the database.
• Select - to retrieve or access the data from the database table.
• Insert - insert the records into the table.
• Update - change/update the existing data in a table.
• Delete - to delete one or all the existing records from the table.
Data Control Language (DCL)
DCL is used to access the stored or saved data. It is mainly used for
revoking and granting user access on a database.
• Grant - allows user’s access privileges to the database.
• Revoke - removes the accessibility of users from the database objects.
Transaction Control Languages (TCL)
TCL is a language which manages transactions within the database. It is
used to execute the changes made by the data manipulation language
(DML) statements.
• Commit - save the transactions in the database.
• Rollback - restore the database to that state which was last
committed.
Standard Query Language (SQL)
• SQL is a programming language that is typically used in
relational database or data stream management systems.
• It is both a data definition and a data manipulation language
• Language used in SAP Business One
SQL Query
Generator in
SAP Business
One

Customers with
account balance
greater than or
equal to 1,500
*BP = Business Partner
Coding Types

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