Petroleum Production Technology-

Tutorial.2
Inflow Relation for Multiphase and
Gas wells
By :
Dr. Mofazzal Hossain
Omar Al-Fatlawi

16/08/2017 1
 Problem 1 – Multiphase flow
Consider well of open-hole diameter 7.875 inch is producing from a
reservoir with a finite closed boundary area of 640 acres. Average
reservoir pressure is same as the bubble point pressure of 4500 psi.
Following additional data are given. Calculate the oil production rate at a
flowing bottom hole pressure of 4000 psi.
Data Given:
Reservoir permeability = 100 md, skin , S = 10, h = 200 ft and no
turbulence
PVT properties for different pressure:

p μo Bo kro
4500 1.1 1.42 0.31
4300 1.08 1.4 0.27
4200 1.07 1.38 0.22
4000 1.06 1.36 0.18

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 Problem 1 - Solution
kh p k ro
Given: q0 =
 0.472re ∫
 p wf µ o Bo
dp
A = 640 acre = 640*43560 ft2, 141.2 ln + s t 
 rw 
𝐴𝐴 640∗43560
re = = = 2978.92 ft kh  1  k   k   
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 =
 0.472re 
∑   ro  +  ro  dp i 
2 µ B µB 
rw = (7.875/2)/12 ft = 0.328 ft 141.2 ln + s t    o o i  o o i +1  
h = 200 ft  rw 
k = 100 mD, kh
=
100 x 200
= 7.713
D = 0 (no turbulence)  0.472re
141.2 ln
  0.472 * 2978.92
+ st  141.2 ln

+ 10
   0 .328 
S = 10 rw

i p μo Bo kro kro/µoBo dp i= pi+1-pi {(kro/µoBo)i+(kro/µoBo)i+1}/2 [{(kro/µoBo)i+(kro/µoBo)i+1}/2]*dpi

1 4000 1.06 1.36 0.18 0.1249 200 0.1369 27.3852

2 4200 1.07 1.38 0.22 0.1490 100 0.1638 16.3781

3 4300 1.08 1.4 0.27 0.1786 200 0.1885 37.7035

4 4500 1.1 1.42 0.31 0.1985

Sum 81.4668

qo = 7.713*81.4668 = 628.36 stb/day (Ans)

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 Problem.2
• Assume that a cylindrical reservoir with radius 1500 ft ,
thickness 50 ft, porosity 20% and permeability 80 mD
produces gas with specific gravity 0.6 under the semi-steady
state from well with radius 0.25 ft and skin effect -0.5 at
reservoir temperature 600 R. The following table includes the
fluid properties. Calculate gas flow rate using the more
suitable equation when
• 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 = 3800 psia and Pwf= 3400 psia
• 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 =2500 psia and Pwf= 2200 psia
• 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 = 2000 psia and Pwf= 1000 psia
• Ignore the non-Darcy effects.

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 Problem.2-Given data
P, psia µ, cP Z Bg, bbl/SCF
0 0.012083 1

500 0.013109 0.923109 0.006400

1,000 0.014604 0.85582 0.003200

1,500 0.016412 0.801945 0.001600

2,000 0.018405 0.77044 0.001160

2,500 0.020481 0.764905 0.000980

3,400 0.024206 0.811376 0.000750

3,600 0.025012 0.827592 0.000695

3,800 0.025809 0.844111 0.000660

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 Problem.2- Solution
• Calculate the pseudopressure m((P) using the following formula
𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃
𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖+1 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖 + + 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖+1 − 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖
𝜇𝜇 𝑍𝑍 𝑖𝑖 𝜇𝜇 𝑍𝑍 𝑖𝑖+1
𝑃𝑃
• When P=0, then =0
𝜇𝜇 𝑍𝑍
P/µZ, m(P),
P, psia µ, cP Z Bg, bbl/SCF
(psia/cP) psia2/cP
0 0.012083 1 0
500 0.013109 0.923109 0.006400 41320 2.066E+07
1,000 0.014604 0.85582 0.003200 80011 8.133E+07
1,500 0.016412 0.801945 0.001600 113967 1.783E+08
2,000 0.018405 0.77044 0.001160 141044 3.058E+08
2,500 0.020481 0.764905 0.000980 159584 4.561E+08
3,400 0.024206 0.811376 0.000750 173118 7.556E+08
3,600 0.025012 0.827592 0.000695 173913 8.250E+08
3,800 0.025809 0.844111 0.000660 174424 8.946E+08

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 Problem.2- Solution
1. 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 = 3800 psia and Pwf= 3400 psia
• When both 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf ˃ 3000 psia, then the production
will be in Region III, so the more suitable equation to
calculate gas flow rate is
7.08 ×10−6 𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 −𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 ……………………………….. (1)
� 𝑔𝑔 𝐵𝐵�𝑔𝑔 ln
𝜇𝜇 +𝑠𝑠+𝐷𝐷 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤

𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 +𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 3800+3400

𝑃𝑃�𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 2
=
2
= 3600, then 𝜇𝜇̅ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐵𝐵�𝑔𝑔 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃 =
3600 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
7.08×10−6 80 50 3800−3400
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×1500 = 87484.43 MSCF/D
0.025012 0.000695 ln −0.5
0.25

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 Problem.2- Solution
2. 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 =2500 psia and Pwf= 2200 psia
• When both 3000 psia ˃ 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf ˃ 2000 psia , then the
production will be in Region II, so the more suitable
equation to calculate gas flow rate is
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃� 𝑅𝑅 −𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 ……………………………….. (2)
1422 𝑇𝑇 ln +𝑠𝑠+𝐷𝐷 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤

Using linear interpolation m(p) = 3.659 × 108 psia2/cP at Pwf =

2200 psia
80 50 4.561× 108 − 3.659 × 108
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×1500 = 56764.505 MSCF/D
1422 (600) ln −0.5
0.25

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 Problem.2- Solution
3. 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 = 2000 psia and Pwf= 1000 psia
• When both 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf ≤ 2000 psia, then the production will be in
Region I, so the more suitable equation to calculate gas flow rate is
2
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅2 −𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 ……………………………….. (3)
� 𝑔𝑔 𝑍𝑍̅ 𝑇𝑇 ln
1422 𝜇𝜇 +𝑠𝑠+𝐷𝐷 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
2 2
𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅2 +𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2 20002 +10002
• Use average of 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf using 𝑃𝑃�𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = =
2 2
1581.139 psia
̅ 0.796832
Then 𝜇𝜇̅ = 0.0167 cP and 𝑍𝑍=
80 50 20002 −10002
• 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×1500 = 141592.10
1422 0.0167 0.796832 (600) ln −0.5
0.25
MSCF/D

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 Problem.3
• Re- calculate gas flow rate for all cases in
problem.2 with considering non-Darcy effect.

16/08/2017 10
 Problem.3- Solution
• Calculate Non-Darcy coefficient for the three
cases using the following formula:
• 𝛽𝛽 = 1.88 × 1010 𝑘𝑘 −1.47 ∅−0.53
3.161×10−12 𝛽𝛽 𝑇𝑇 𝛾𝛾𝑔𝑔
• 𝐹𝐹 =
𝜇𝜇𝑔𝑔 ℎ𝑝𝑝 2 𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝐹𝐹 𝑘𝑘 ℎ
• 𝐷𝐷 =
1422 𝑇𝑇

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 Problem.3- Solution
• The following table includes all parameters of
Non-Darcy effect

𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 , psia Pwf, psia 𝜇𝜇𝑔𝑔 , cP 𝛽𝛽 F D

𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤

3800 3400 0.024205526 5.289348×10-3 2.479769×10-5

2500 2200 0.01923528 6.656074×10-3 3.120522×10-5

7.031851×107

2000 1000 0.014603861 8.766959×10-3 4.110154×10-5

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 Problem.3- Solution
1. 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 = 3800 psia and Pwf= 3400 psia
• When both 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf ˃ 3000 psia, then the production will be in Region III, so the more suitable
equation to calculate gas flow rate is
7.08 ×10−6 𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 −𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 ……………………………….. (1)
� 𝑔𝑔 𝐵𝐵�𝑔𝑔 ln
𝜇𝜇 +𝑠𝑠+𝐷𝐷 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤

𝑃𝑃� 𝑅𝑅 +𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 3800+3400

𝑃𝑃�𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = = 3600, then 𝜇𝜇̅ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐵𝐵�𝑔𝑔 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃 = 3600 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
2 2

• Rearranging Equation (1) gets

• 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 − 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 𝑎𝑎1 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 2
141.2 × 103 𝜇𝜇𝑔𝑔 𝐵𝐵𝑔𝑔 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒
𝑎𝑎1 = ln − 0.75 + 𝑠𝑠
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
141.2 × 103 𝜇𝜇𝑔𝑔 𝐵𝐵𝑔𝑔
𝑏𝑏1 = 𝐷𝐷
𝑘𝑘 ℎ
−𝑎𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑎 21 + 4 𝑏𝑏1 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 − 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 =
2 𝑏𝑏1

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 Problem.3- Solution
141.2 × 103 0.02501 0.000695 1500
𝑎𝑎1 = ln − 0.75 − 0.5 = 0.004571328
80 50 0.25
141.2 × 103 0.02501 0.000695
𝑏𝑏1 = 2.479769 × 10−5 = 1.521688 ×10-8
(80) (50)

− 0.004571328 + 0.004571328 2 +4 1.521688 ×10−8 3800−3400

𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = = 70810.888
2 1.521688 ×10−8
MSCF/D

87484.43− 70810.888
• Loss of flow rate due to non-Darcy effect = ∗ 100 =
87484.43
19.059%

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 Problem.3- Solution
2. 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 =2500 psia and Pwf= 2200 psia
• When both 3000 psia ˃ 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf ˃ 2000 psia , then the production will
be in Region II, so the more suitable equation to calculate gas flow rate is
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 −𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 ……………………………….. (2)
1422 𝑇𝑇 ln +𝑠𝑠+𝐷𝐷 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
• Rearranging Equation (2) gets
𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 − 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 𝑎𝑎2 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 + 𝑏𝑏2 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 2
1422 𝑇𝑇 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒
𝑎𝑎2 = ln − 0.75 + 𝑠𝑠
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
1422 𝑇𝑇
𝑏𝑏2 = 𝐷𝐷
𝑘𝑘 ℎ
−𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎2 2 + 4 𝑏𝑏2 (𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 − 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 )
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 =
2 𝑏𝑏2

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 Problem.3- Solution
1422 600 1500
𝑎𝑎2 = 80 50
ln − 0.75 − 0.5 = 1588.981496
0.25

1422 600
𝑏𝑏2 = (80) (50)
3.120522 × 10−5 = 6.656074×10-3

− 1588.981496 + 1588.981496 2 +4 6.656074×10−3 4.561 ×108 −3.659×108

𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = =
2 6.656074×10−3
47362.17 MSCF/D

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 Problem.3- Solution
3. 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 = 2000 psia and Pwf= 1000 psia
• When both 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅 and Pwf ≤ 2000 psia , then the production will be in Region I, so the
more suitable equation to calculate gas flow rate is
2
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅2 −𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = 0.472×𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒 ……………………………….. (3)
� 𝑔𝑔 𝑍𝑍� 𝑇𝑇 ln
1422 𝜇𝜇 +𝑠𝑠+𝐷𝐷 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
• Rearranging Equation (2) gets
𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅2 − 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
2
= 𝑎𝑎3 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 + 𝑏𝑏3 𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 2
1422 𝑇𝑇 𝜇𝜇̅ 𝑍𝑍̅ 𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒
𝑎𝑎3 = ln − 0.75 + 𝑠𝑠
𝑘𝑘 ℎ 𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤
1422 𝑇𝑇 𝜇𝜇̅ 𝑍𝑍̅
𝑏𝑏3 = 𝐷𝐷
𝑘𝑘 ℎ
−𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑎2 3 + 4 𝑏𝑏3 𝑃𝑃�𝑅𝑅2 − 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
2

𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 =
2 𝑏𝑏3

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 Problem.3- Solution
1422 600 0.0167 0.796832 1500
𝑎𝑎3 = ln − 0.75 − 0.5 = 21.1898308
80 50 0.25

1422 600 0.0167 0.796832

𝑏𝑏3 = 4.110154 × 10−5 = 1.169116×10-4
(80) (50)

− 21.1898308 + 21.1898308 2 +4 1.169116×10−4 20002−10002

𝑞𝑞𝑔𝑔 = =93422.88 MSCF/D
2 1.169116×10−4

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