Jawahar Education Society's

A.C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar

Mechanical Engineering Department

Class: T.E. Mechanical

Subject: MQE Sem: VI
Date of Performance: 17/2/2021 Date of Submission:16/3/2020
Name of the student: Ashutosh Chandrakant Shirke
Roll No: 51
PRN No: 181071042

Experiment Rubric:
Sr. No Evaluation Criteria Marks (out of 3) Date Signature of
Instructor

1 Topic Knowledge

2 Lab Performance

3 Punctuality

Total
 EXPERIMENT NO: - 1

AIM: To study about the basics of the engineering metrology and measurements.

FUNDAMENTALS
Metrology is a “Science of measurement’. The most important parameter in metrology is the length. Metrology
is divided into Industrial Metrology and Medical Metrology under consideration of its application and may be
divided into metrology of length and Metrology of time under consideration of its quantity. Metrology is mainly
concerned with the following aspects.
● Unit of measurement and their standards.
● Errors of measurement.
● Changing the units in the form of standards.
● Ensuring the uniformity of measurements.
● New methods of measurement developing.
● Analyzing this new method and their accuracy.
● Establishing uncertainty of measurement.
● Gauges designing, manufacturing and testing.
● Researching the causes of measuring errors.
● Industrial Inspection.

FUNCTIONS OF METROLOGY
● To ensure conservation of national standards.
● Guarantee their accuracy by comparison with international standards.
● To organize training in this field.
● Take part in the work of other National Organization.
● To impart proper accuracy to the secondary standards.
● Carry out Scientific and Technical work in the field of measurement.
● Regulate, supervise and control the manufacturer.
● Giving advice to repair of measuring instruments.
● To inspect and to detect guilty of measurement.

APPLICATIONS OF METROLOGY • Industrial Measurement • Commercial transactions • Public health and

human safety ensuring.
NEED OF INSPECTION

To determine the fitness of new made materials, products or component part and to compare the materials,
products to the established standard.
It is summarized as
● To conforming the materials or products to the standard.
● To avoid faulty product coming out.
● To maintain the good relationship between customer and manufacturer.
● To meet the interchangeability of manufacturer.
● To maintain the good quality.
● To take decision on the defective parts.
● To purchase good quality raw materials.
● To reduce the scrap.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENTS

● Measurement is the outcome of an opinion formed by observers about some physical quantity.
● Measurement is an essential part of the development of technology.
● Measurement is a complex of operations carried out by means of measuring instruments.

ELEMENTS OF A MEASUREMENT
1) Measurand: It is a physical quantity or property (length, diameter, thickness, angle etc.)
2) Reference: Reference is a physical quantity or property and comparisons are made by them. 3) Comparator:
Comparing measurand with some other reference.

NEED FOR MEASUREMENT

● To determine the true dimensions of a part.
● To increase our knowledge and understanding of the world.
● Needed for ensuring public health and human safety.
● To convert physical parameters into meaningful numbers.
● To test if the elements that constitute the system function as per the design.
● For evaluating the performance of a system.
● To ensure interchangeability with a view to promoting mass production.
● Check the limitations of DESCRIPTION in actual situation.
● To establish the validity of design and for finding new data and new designs.
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
● Direct comparison with Primary or Secondary Standard.
● Indirect comparison with a standard through calibration system.
● Comparative method.
● Coincidence method.
● Fundamental method.
● Contact method.
● Transposition method.
● Complementary method.
● Deflection method.

RESULT
Thus, the basics of the engineering metrology and measurements were studied.
 EXPERIMENT NO: -2

AIM To measure the external diameter of the given specimen using Vernier caliper.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Vernier caliper, Specimen.

DESCRIPTION: Vernier caliper has two scales namely the main scale and Vernier scale which moves along the
main scale. Vernier’s are used to measure both internal and also external dimensions. The caliper is placed on
the object to be measured and the fine adjustment screw is rotated until the jaws fit tightly against the
workpiece. The readings from the main scale and Vernier scale are taken. The main principle of Vernier is that
the two scales of different sizes are used to measure the dimension in high accuracy. The least count of Vernier
caliper is 0.02mm.

PROCEDURE:

1. Check the zero reading for errors.

2. Place the workpiece to be measured in between the measuring face.
3. Adjust the sliding jaw until there is no further movement of the sliding bar.
4. Note the main scale, Vernier reading for the calculation of workpiece dimension.
5. Tabulate the readings.
6. Then the dimension of workpiece is calculated and average value is taken.

FORMULA:

Least count= 0.02

DIAGRAM:

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr no. Main scale reading Vernier Scale Correct Average

(MSR) Division reading reading
CR=MSR+
(VSDxLC)m
m

1 35 0.3 35.3

2 35 0.4 35.4

3 35 0.3 35.3 35.3

4 35 0.2 35.2

5 35 0.3 35.3

RESULT: Thus, the dimension of the given specimen was measured by using Vernier caliper.
 EXPERIMENT NO: - 3

AIM: To obtain the thickness and diameter of the work piece using the micrometer.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Micrometer, Specimen.

DESCRIPTION:
The micrometer is a linear measuring instrument. The micrometer has an accurate screw consisting of 10 to 20
threads per cm. This screw rotates inside a fixed nut. The end of the screw acts as one measuring tip and fixed
anvil acts as other measuring tip. Threads are cut for certain length on screw and it is left to free remaining
portion called sleeve. The spindle moves towards the fixed anvil or away from it by rotating the thimble. The
spindle is placed inside the barrel in such a way to freely to slide over the barrel. The barrel is firmly fixed with
the frame. 20 divisions per cm are made in the barrel. This is the lead screw for one complete revolution. But
the thimble has 100 divisions around the circumference. So, each revolution is again divided into 100 divisions.

PROCEDURE: 1. Check the zero position for error. 2. Place the specimen to be measured. 3. Adjust the spindle
by rotating the ratchet unit at began to slip. 4. Note the reading on the main scale and the thimble scale. 5. By
calculating the division on both scales the reading was tabulated. 6. Thus the thickness of the workpiece was
measured.

FORMULA:

Least Count = 0.01

Where, Pitch=distance travelled by thimble on linear scale in one rotation. = __0.01___mm
DIAGRAM:

TABULATION:

Sr no. Main scale Vernier Correct Average

reading Scale reading reading
(MSR) Division CR=MSR+
(VSDxLC)m
m

1 16 0.4 16.3

2 16 0.3 16.3

3 16 0.5 16.5 16.42

4 16 0.5 16.5

5 16 0.3 16.5

RESULT: Thus, the dimension of the given workpiece was measured using a micrometer.