MAJOR FIELD PRACTICE UNDERTAKEN AT DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURE QUIRINO EXPERIMENT STATION, DUNGO, AGLIPAY,

QUIRINO AND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CAGAYAN VALLEY
RESEARCH CENTER, SAN FELIPE, ILAGAN CITY

PRINCESS JOY T. GARCIA

A Narrative Report Presented to

Faculty of Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Forestry and
Engineering
QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
Diffun, Quirino

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

2019

1
 APPROVAL SHEET

The narrative report attached hereto entitled MAJOR FIELD

PRACTICE UNDERTAKEN AT DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
QUIRINO EXPERIMENT STATION, DUNGO, AGLIPAY, QUIRINO AND
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CAGAYAN VALLEY RESEARCH
CENTER, SAN FELIPE, ILAGAN CITY prepared and submitted by
Princess Joy T. Garcia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
graduation of the diploma course BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (BSAE) is hereby endorse for approval.

Israel M. Eraña RPABE, Aprylle Maye L. Mauyao

MSABE English Critic
OJT Coordinator

Date Signed Date Signed

Prof. Oscar L. Barboza RPABE, PhD

Department Chairman, BSAE
Program

Date Signed

Accepted as Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement in Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering.

Prof. Julie A. Manuel DVSM, PhD

Dean, CAFE

Date Signed

2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The trainee wishes to express her profound gratitude to the

following people who in one way or another made her OJT possible and

helped to the completion of this report.

Dr. Julie A. Manuel, Dean, College of Agriculture, Forestry and

Engineering for her unparalleled kindness and support to the

Agricultural Engineering students who have undergone their On-The-Job

Training;

Dr. Oscar L. Barboza, Department Chairman of Agricultural

Engineering, for his patience and encouragement. Truly, his immense

contributions had formed part to the completion of this report;

Engr. Israel M. Eraña, OJT Coordinator, BSAE Program Chair, for

his pieces of advice in her quest for knowledge and experience during

their On-The-Job Training;

Engr. Paul B. Pablo, Faculty, Engineering Department, for his

genuine support that made the author reach her potential during the

period of the On-The-Job Training;

Engr. Fidelino Cabantac, station manager of DA-QES, for his

continuous support and encouragement. His act of providing positive

feedback that focuses specifically on her effort and/or improvement

during the period of the On-The-Job Training had lead to the trainee’s

success;

3
 Engr. Rolando Pedro, station manager of DA-CVRC, for his

untiring efforts and fatherly pieces of advice. He made the trainee

realized that each hour of her day is packed with life-changing wisdom;

To the project leaders of the different projects and banners, for

their priceless support;

To all the laborers and workers of the two stations who served as

their companion. Their guidance had helped the OJT students develop

rapport with other people by working cooperatively;

To her family and relatives, for their support financially and

morally. Their selfless generosity made a colossal difference in the

success of her endeavor;

Above all, to Almighty God, for the strength and courage he had

given to her throughout the duration of the On-The-Job Training.

The Trainee

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgement iii
Contents v
Chapter I. INTRODUCTION
Importance of the Field Practice 1
Objectives 2
Scope and Limitations of the Training 2
Description and Background Of Workplace 3
Definition of Terms 12

Chapter II. SCHEDULE

Schedule of Activities 16

Chapter III. NARRATION OF EXPERIENCES

Department of Agriculture Quirino Experiment Station
Orientation and Briefing 19
Corn Program 19
HVCDP(High Value Crop Development Program) 21
Livestock Program 25
GSO 29
Rice Program 30
ADC(Agribusiness Development Center) 33
Research and Development Program 37
Graduation and Departure Day 37

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Department of Agriculture Cagayan Valley Research Center
Orientation and Briefing 38
Corn Program 38
Project/Business Development 41
Research and Development 42
Cassava Project 45
GSO(General Service Office) 46
Farm Mechanization 47
Legumes Program 48
Fruit Trees and Plantation Crops 54
AE Board Exam Tips 55
Vegetable Project 56
Research Proposal Preparation 58

Chapter IV. KNOWLEDGES ACQUIRED

Knowledge Acquired 61

Chapter V. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Problems Encountered 62

Chapter VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 62

Chapter VII. APPENDICES

Picture Documentations 65
Curriculum Vitae 65
Certificate of Completion 66

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 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD PRACTICE

On-the-job training, also known as OJT, is a hands-on method of

teaching the skills, knowledge, and competencies need for employees to

perform a specific job within the workplace. On-the-job training uses the

existing workplace tools, machines, documents, equipment, and

knowledge to teach an employee how to effectively do his job. Students

who are taking up Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering are

given the chance to undergo the so called On-the-Job Training to be able

to apply the knowledge they acquired from school to their respective

chosen agencies. It is the beginning of the greatest educational

experience a BSAE student would encounter.

It is one way of developing their sense of responsibility upon

performing the given task by their supervisors and the rest of the office

staff. It is also the time fore a BSAE student to develop the desirable

traits of a future Agricultural Engineer.

The development of the student who undergoes such training can

be determined through the trainee’s ability to accomplish work by

following instructions and performing duties and responsibilities

obediently and diligently.

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OBJECTIVES

The general objective of the Field Practice is to expose the

graduating students to the real world behind their chosen educational

careers.

Specifically:

1. to let the student realize and experience the actual world of work –

a chance to enhance and develop their skills in the agricultural

engineering environment;

2. to test career interest and gain valuable work experiences in the

various segment of agricultural engineering field through work

place immersion;

3. to broaden the student’s practical experiences and their outlook to

their line of work to have proper prospective and attitudes.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The On-The-Job Training covered the whole duration of mid-year with

40 days to be completed. The students are required to undergo training

on the research station where they are expected to apply knowledge they

have gained in the classroom and develop skills necessary to cope up

with the given tasks. The OJT students are compelled to complete their

field practice at the two agencies: Department of Agriculture, Quirino

Experiment Station, Dungo, Aglipay, Quirino from June 13-28 ,2019;

8
and Department of Agriculture, Cagayan Valley Research Center, San

Felipe, Ilagan City, Isabela from July 3-24, 2019.

DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND OF WORKPLACE

Department of Agriculture - Quirino Experiment Station

The Quirino Experiment Station (QES) was first known as the

Aglipay Cattle Center Timberland Stock Farm or Regional Beef - Carabeef

Training Center. The station was established in 1978 thru a Gratuitous

Pasture Permit by the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI). By virtue of

Administrative Order No. 19, series of 1991, a provision for the

Operationalization of the Rationalized DA Research and Experiment

Stations and Facilities, the Regional Integrated Agricultural Research

Centers (RIARC) were promulgated as the seat of the Regional Research

& Development/Extension Network (RRDEN). Spontaneously, the station

was renamed as the Cagayan Valley Upland Research Outreach Station

(CV-UPROS). During the rationalization program of the Department of

Agriculture in 2014, the office was name again as Department of

Agriculture-Quirino Experiment Station (DA-QES). QES is approximately

27 km away from the Provincial Capitol of Quirino, 44 km from Cordon,

Isabela and 59 km from Santiago City. Its distance from the nearest DA

R&D centers, the Nueva Vizcaya Experiment Station (NVES) at Bagabag,

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Nueva Vizcaya and Cagayan Valley Research Center (CVRC) situated at

San Felipe, Ilagan City, Isabela is 62.0 and 120.0 kilometers,

respectively.

DA-QES is located at Dungo, Aglipay, Quirino, 27 km away from

the Provincial Capitol and 44 km away from Cordon, Isabela. The total

area is 242.5 hectares wherein 165 ha is for livestock, 20 ha for orchard,

20 ha arable land, 0.3 ha infrastructure, 0.3 ha SFR SWIP, and 24 ha for

forest and road networks.

VISION

A modernized and technologically advanced R & D station for agri-

preneurship and agro-ecotourism.

MISSION

Lead in the development and adaptation of appropriate

technologies towards profitable agri-business for stakeholders.

GOAL

To improve the lives of upland farmers and other stakeholders

through adoption of the recent appropriate agricultural technologies for

agribusiness

MANDATE

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 Develop and promote an appropriate crop and livestock production

and post-production systems in the upland areas for agribusiness and

agro-ecotourism.

OBJECTIVES

A. Conduct adaptation and verification trials of technologies by local

and international research institutions.

B. Develop component technologies for Livestock and crop production

systems.

C. Conduct on-farm techno-demonstration/piloting of matured

technologies for Livestock cattle production and other

commodities.

D. Upgrade, produce and maintain genetically superior stocks or

breeds in support to the regional Livestock cattle industry.

E. Develop, promote and encourage the adoption of agri-business

within the value chain of Livestock cattle and other commodities.

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 Department of Agriculture – Cagayan Valley Research Center

The Cagayan Valley Research Center, located at San Felipe, City of

Ilagan, Isabela is one of the premier centers of excellence by the

Department of Agriculture, Region 2 endowed with land resource to

conduct applied and adaptive research on cereals, lowland vegetables

and other important crops with economic value. It is known as the

pioneer center for breeding and seed production of open pollinated corn

variety (OPV) and peanut to cater the needs of the small and marginal

farmers and other stakeholders of the Cagayan Valley. It also produces

and distributes quality seed materials of popularly known lowland

vegetables and plant materials and important fruit bearing trees and

plantation crops.

The center is equip with modern facilities, equipment and highly

competitive, equally motivated-driven human resource in the

implementation of various commodity programs to better serve its clients

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not only in region 2 but to other regions where services and expertise are

needed. It also serves as a training venues to all banner programs of the

department, non-government agencies, cooperatives, other stakeholders

and on the job trainings/internship of state colleges and universities

(SCUs) due to its pool of experts on various fields of discipline.

The center copes to the needs of time and regarded as an Agro-Tourist

Destination, approved by the Department of Tourism (DOT), a first of its

kind in the Department of Agriculture in Region 02. It is known for its

organic production preferably “Pinakbet type” which is open for public to

its “pick and pay” service and certified good agricultural practices (GAP)

approved by BAFPS. To address the vision and mission of the

Department of Agriculture, Region 2, and the thrust of government for

food security and sufficiency, the 10 year Master Development Plan of

the Cagayan Valley Research Center will be laid out in terms of R&D/D,

human resource, facilities and equipment.

Today, the breeding program for OPV corn will focus not only to

increase grain yield but geared towards the development of high protein

rich corn and purple colored kernel known to contain antocyanin and

anti-oxidant properties. Seed production will be enhanced by training

more seed growers and organized them to become entrepreneurial to

address the demand of OPV corn for food security. For peanut, the

breeding program will address in the development of adaptable, high

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yielding, whole year round peanut variety particularly for wet season

which is still a problem, and three seeded variety for boiling type dubbed

as a lucrative business for peanut in the street.

To address and sustain quality seed materials in the production of

peanut in the municipality of Enrile, the Peanut Capital of the country

and other peanut growing areas in Region 2 to include other regions who

are dependent of quality peanut seeds, the conduct of retooling and

training for additional seed growers will be addressed. Part of the major

plan also includes, the conduct Community participatory action research

(CPAR), Technology commercialization of matured technologies to various

commodities and briefings/seminars/trainings will be conducted in

enhancing adoption of matured technologies to our clients farmers and

other stakeholders.

As noted, Human resource is very important in the orchestration of

agricultural programs and in the delivery of quality basic services. The

need to regularly develop and capacitate the personnel staffs through

endorsement of scholarship grants on graduate courses and training

programs locally and outside the country, and continues upgrading of

laboratory facilities, IT gadgets and equipment should be ascertained in

the program to enhance usefulness of it’s utilization by the end users.

Historical Background

a. CVRC-MAIN

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 Cagayan Valley Research Center formerly named Ilagan Experiment

Station, this is the oldest station of the Department of Agriculture

established in Cagayan Valley. The area, which is originally consisted of

107.367 hectares, is a portion of a Spanish Grant known as “La Granja

Agronomica de la Isabela”. The station in its present site was formerly

opened in 1924 and acquired through Executive Order No. 33 dated July

26, 1904. The station was established purposely for tobacco research

work and was appropriately named Ilagan Tobacco Experiment Station.

The scope of work in the station increased with the passing of the

years. The area under cultivation increased with the station’s varied

activities and the name was changed to Northern Luzon Experiment

Station which, in 1957, was again changed to Ilagan Experiment Station

which was transferred to Bureau of Plant Industry. In the year 1982,

Ilagan Experiment Station was selected as the center of the Regional

Integrated Agricultural Research System (RIARS) in Region 02. During

the first Standardization Law of the DA research stations throughout the

country by virtue of A.O. No. 19 dated 1989, the Ilagan Experiment

Station was the seat of Cagayan Valley Integrated Agricultural Research

Center (CVIARC).

At the present year, rationalization of the Department of Agriculture is

granted by the virtue of E.O. No. 366. The Ilagan Experiment Station and

Soil and Water Management Station located at Baligatan, City of Ilagan,

15
Isabela were integrated comprising the new name “Cagayan Valley

Research Center”. Currently, the station has an area of 85 hectares.

b. CVRC ANNEX

The Cagayan Valley Research Center -Annex is a portion of a lot

assigned as nursery of the Bureau of Agricultural Extension by virtue of

Presidential Proclamation No. 136 in March 12,1955 by His Excellency

President Ramon Magsaysay. Later of the same year, thirty two (32)

hectares of this parcel of land was allotted to the Bureau of Soil, now, the

Bureau of Soils and Water Management as demonstration and

experimental area. The station was initially named as Ilagan Soil and

Water Conservation Station.

During the integration of the station in mid 1980 to the Department of

Agriculture, the station was renamed as Ilagan Soil and Water

Conservation Research and Demonstration Stations (ISWCRDS). During

the rationalization in 1988, it was again renamed as Soil and Water

Management Station. Finally, through Executive Order No.366, the

rationalization act of 2004, the Station was integrated to the Cagayan

Valley Research Center. The station is now named as Cagayan Valley

Research Center –Annex (CVRC-Annex) as an extension station of the

center.

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VISION

A modernized and technologically advanced research and

development center for Agri-preneurship and Agri-ecotourism.

MISSION

Lead in the generation and development of appropriate

technologies towards profitable agri-business for stakeholders.

FUNCTION

 Harness R&D/E on upland, lowland rainfed cereals and lowland

vegetables

 Promote technology demonstration on matured technologies

 Promote technology commercialization

 Produce and distribute quality seed and planting materials

 Harness and promote soil conservation technologies on hilly and

rolling areas.

 Promotion of Agro-enterprise on upland and lowland crops

 Promote agri-tourism, good agricultural practices and organic

farming

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

AGRICULTURE – the science or practice of farming, including cultivation

of the soil for the growing crops and the rearing of animals to provide

food, wool, and other products

ADLAY – crop cultiivated for food and for forage and fodder especially in

Southeast Asia like Japan and the Philippines

BASAL – fertilizer applied by broadcasting method over the entire area

and then cultivation follow to mix fertilizer with the soil.

BROADCAST – the method of fertilizer application that is applied

uniformly over the entire.

BUCK – mature male of various mammals

BUDDING – it is a form of grafting that makes use of the single bud as

the scion instead of stem bearing several buds.

CLIMATE CHANGE - The slow variations of climatic characteristics over

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time at a given place.

COLOSTRUMS – first milk of the dam after calving

COMPOST – a mixture of decade organic materials

CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB) - Are most widely used masonry

material for all types of construction walls, partitions, dividers, fences,

etc

CONNECTING ROD - The rod joining the piston with the crankshaft.

CORN GRITS - Milled corn kernels where the outer covering and germs

have been removed and with particle size of not less than 0.86 mm.

CORN, EAR - Pistillate inflourescense of the plant Zea mays L. enclosed

with a leaf-like protective covering known as husk.

CRANKSHAFT - A rotating shaft for converting rotary motion into

reciprocating motion.

CYLINDER - The piston chamber of an engine.

CYLINDER BLOCK – encloses the piston and confines the expanding

gases

DEFOLIATION – the removal of above ground plant material.

DETASSELING – the removal of the male fluorescent in corn plants.

DIESEL ENGINE - A prime mover actuated by the gases resulting from

the combustion of a liquid or pulverized fuel, injected in a fine state of

19
subdivision into the engine cylinder at or about the conclusion of the

compression stroke.

EARWIG – a small insect with pincer-like appendage at the end of its

body.

FLYWHEEL – is the energy storage device of the engine to keep it at

uniform speed when the crankshaft is not receiving power from the

piston.

FRIGID ZONE - the area or region between the arctic circle and the

north pole or between the Antarctic circle and the south pole

FURROW – a narrow grove plowed in the ground

GRAFTING – the process of joining rootstock and scion until they unite

permanently.

GRAZING - Grassland suitable for pasturage

HARROWING – the act of breaking the soil using harrow

HUMUS - a mixture of 15 well decompose organnnic materials added to

the soil to enrich soil fertility

MASTITIS - inflammation of the mammary gland in the breast or udder,

typically due to bacterial infection via a damaged nipple or teat.

MILKING PARLOR - building or a portion of building where milking

occurs but where no animals are housed.

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MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION - a method where a structure is

monolithically build using a homogenous material.

MULCHING - Is the process of covering the land surface with plant

residues, plastic or other materials appropriate to arrest loss of moisture

through evaporation.

NURSERY

PASTEURIZATION- The foods are subjected to a temperature below the

boiling point of water for a period sufficient to ensure preservation - that

is 71-85ºC.

PISTON – a hollow cylinder with closed top upon which expanding gases

act and transmit force to the crankshaft.

PISTON PIN – joins the connecting rod and the piston

PISTON RINGS – retain compression, reduce cylinder wall contact

thereby reducing friction losses and wear.

PRICK - pointed instrument for marking or creating a shallow hole

TASSLE - The staminate inflorescence of maize composed of panicle

spikes.

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22
 CHAPTER 2

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES
(June 11- June 28, 2019)

A. Department of Agriculture-Quirino Experiment Station

BANNER DURATION RESPONSIBLE PERSON

PROGRAM/PROJECT

1. Briefing and Orientation June 11, 2019 Ms. Florida Catamora

Ms. Loida Basug
2. Corn/ Cassava June 13-14, Mr. Paul Vincent Balao
2019
3. HVCDP/ Organic June 17-18, Mr. Paul Vincent Balao
Agriculture 2019
4. Livestock June 19-20 , Dr. Jake C. Casballido
2019 Dr. Jephunneh P.Pascua
5. GSO June 21, 2019 Engr. Ronald A. Cabacungan
Engr. Gerleonalyn
Hombrebueno
6. Rice June 24, 2019 Mr. Mark Louis C. Tega Jr.
7. ADC June 25, 2019
8. R & D June 26, 2019
9. Admin. & Finance June 27, 2019 Ms. Florida D. Ccatamora
Briefing Ms. Ivy A Sonday
Preparation of AVP Mr. Paul Vincent Balao
Ms. Loida B. Basug
Ms. Mary Mae Guzman
Ms. Jean B. Paulino
Mr. Rodolfo M. Reyes

23
1o. Completion Day June 28, 2019

B. Department Of Agricuture-Cagayan Valley Research Center

DATE BANNER/SECTION RESPONSIBLE PERSON

Engr. R. Pedro
Tuesday, Briefing and
Ms. VJ Calderon
July 2, 2019 Orientation
Engr. S. Barut, Jr.
Mr. CP Malana
Wednesday- Mr. O. Masinna
Friday, Corn Program Engr. E. Ramos
July 3-5, 2019 Mr. S Tumamang
Mr. R. Aquino
Ms. C. Simon
Monday, Project/Business Ms. S De Guzman
July 8, 2019 Development Ms. K Manaligod
Ms. J Soriano
Tuesday- Ms. G Domingo
Wednesday, CVRC- Annex Engr. R Carlos
July 9-10, 2019 Engr. Ace
Engr. WV Contillo
Thursday, Mr. A Valdez
Cassava Project
July 11, 2019 Mr. J Balog
Ms. K Cleto

Friday, Engr. RV Tolentino

Engineering Project
July 12, 2019 Arch. K Abad

Engr. WV Contillo
Mr. A Valdez
Engr. S Barut, Jr.
Monday-Tuesday,
Farm Mechanization Mr. R Alegrado
July 15-16, 2019
Mr. E Balmaceda
Engr. Aurelio

Wednesday, Legumes Research & Ms. VJ Calderon

July 17,2019 Ms. V. U. Atalin
Production Project
Ms. K Manaligod

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 Engr. M Yanuaria
Mr. J Bagunu
Fruit Trees and Engr. W Contillo
Plantation Crops Mr. R Pastor
Thursday,
Nursery Ms. J Ignacio
July 18, 2019
Management Ms. J Andana
Mr. C Pulido
AE Board
Friday,
Examination Tips Engr. SD Barut, Jr.
July 19, 2019
version 20.10
Ms. L De Guzman
Vegetable Project M.s MJ Ibarra
Monday, And Dr. R Baldugo
July 22, 2019 Awarding of OJT Ms. V Agustin
Certificate Mr. W Paludipan
Mr. M Mariano

Tuesday, Project/Research Ms. VJ Calderon

July 23, 2019 Proposal Preparation Dr. R Baldugo

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 CHAPTER III

NARRATION OF EXPERIENCES

Department Of Agriculture- Quirino Experiment Station

Orientation and Briefing

Upon arrival, the trainees were welcomed by the personnel

department through the initiative of Ms. Loida Basug and Ms. Florida
Catamora. Moreover, the QES history and functions were presented and
explained to the practitioners in which they gained knowledge on the
said institution.

Corn Program

Corn is second to rice as the most important crops in the country.

In fact, Department of Agriculture through its Corn Program continues to

intensify the promotion of white corn grits as staple food.

The Corn Program aims to increase production of quality corn and

cassava for human consumption, feeds and industrial uses.

2.1 Bio-control Management

Mass Production and Distribution of Biological Control Agent

The use of Biological-Agent is to manage pest and diseases. It is

26
one way to support the government campaign pursuant to the Organic

Agriculture Act of 2010 (RA 10068).

The production and distribution of biological organisms intend to

minimize the excessive use of pesticides by farmers, thus producing

chemical free agricultural products (corn).

How to use earwig? Release earwig late in the afternoon. It is

advisable to release earwigs two times with an interval of 10 days,

preferably at whorl and tasseling stage.

Ms. Marilyn P. Ladia discussed the life cycle of earwig and how to

manage it. According to her, the life cycle of Earwig is 36 days. The cycle

comprises 5-8 days (egg), 5 days (1 st instar), 7 days (2nd instar), 8 days

(3rd instar), 8 days (4th instar) or the adult. Ms, Ladia taught them how to

rear the earwigs and how to prepare the media for earwigs. The

practitioners sterilized the media (sawdust and sandy loam) for the

earwig production.

Process of Earwig Production

a. Collection and processing of media (sawdust and sandy loam).

b. Sterilization of media.

c. Sifting the media.

27
d. Mixing the media (1:2 ratio).

e. Putting the media into the earwig boxes.

f. Transfer of earwig from the mother colony to the newly reared colonies.

g. Feed with dog food and fish meal.

h. Putting of newly reared colonies into the earwig rack.

HVCDP (High Value Crop Development Program)/ Organic

Agriculture
The High Value Crop Development Program (HVCDP) is one of the

banner programs of the Department of Agriculture created to help

address food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable growth. It

helps to promote the production, processing, marketing and distribution

of high value crops. Strategically, HVCDP helps to increase income,

create livelihood opportunity and contribute to national agricultural

development of the Philippines (Remoquillo 2013).

3.1 Organic Corn Production

Ms. Michelle Bartido discussed about Organic Corn Production.

She also mentioned about the problems encountered in corn production

such as :

- Corn leaf hopper

- Corn borer

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 - Yellowing of leaves

- Big black head

On the other hand, Engr. Noli Mahiwo taught them how to plan

and prepare a vegetable garden. Below are the lists of the things he

mentioned in his discussion.

Advantages:

1. Hobby that provides exercise.

2. Satisfaction of growing something useful.

3. Saves on grocery bill.

4. All ages can participate.

Location - should be near water supply for easy access.

-full sun- some plants will grow in shady areas (leafy greens,

pumpkins)

- Away from trees – rob nutrients from veggies.

- Flat land to prevent run off and erosion.

Soil types – Best garden soil is loam equal amount of sand, silt, clay.

- Good drainage so oxygen is available for roots

- Organic matte to hold moisture and provide plants with

29
nutrients.

- Ph range should be from 6.3-7.0 for most veggies.

Fertilizing

 Plant Food Elements on front of bag.

NPK (5-10-5) Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

 High Nitrogen Crops – leafy veggies and corn

 High Phosphorus Crops – Pod and fruit crops

 High Potassium Crops – root crops

Applying Fertilizers

 Banding- place the fertilizer in rows dug 3 inches from each side of

the row of seeds or plants and slightly deeper than the depth

planted.

 Plowing Under- if soil is very low in “P” and “K”, then add nutrients

and plow under. Top dressing does not allow nutrients to be

leached into soil fast enough.

Different types of crops:

 Root Crops – carrots, radishes, turnips

 Cold Crops – broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, spinach, cabbage

 Legumes – peas, beans, sprouts

 Vine Crops – pumpkins, squash, melons, cucumbers

30
  Black Night Shades – tomato, pepper, eggplant, potato

 Grass - corn

Note: Don’t plant root crops after tomatoes, it increases insect and

disease.

Livestock Program
Dr. Jephunneh Pascua, Dr. Jake Casballido’s assistant

veterinarian, discussed the programs under this banner and supervised

us during the tour at the livestock grazing and tending areas. Mr. Jemar

Balbalin, the resident milker, demonstrated how milking was done using

a milking machine.

QES is tending mainly cattle, for milk production and for

distribution to qualified interested local farmers. They have a wide

grazing area for cattle and milking parlor consisting of four milking pens

with two milking machines. Each milking machines can service two

milking pens at the same time.

The practitioners were tasked to milk the cattle using the machine

under the supervision of Mr. Balbalin.

4.1 CATTLE MILKING

4.1.1. Cattle Milking Procedure

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 The following cattle-milking procedures are based on the

observation and experience of the practitioner.

1. To keep the cows busy during the milking process, feed them by

placing cattle feed at the bottom edge of each milking pen.

2. Make the cow enter the milking pen.

3. Close the door of the pen and tie the hind leg of the cow facing

the side of the milking person for his safety.

4. Clean the teat of the cow thoroughly with water to remove

accumulated dirt.

5. Attach the milk receptacle then turn on the milking machine

and attach the sucking implement to the teat of the cow.

6. Wait and observe the suction implement. When no more milk is

sleeking, detach the implement.

7. Apply iodine to the cow’s teat after milking to avoid entrance of

bacteria that causes diseases such as mastitis.

8. Turn off the machine and detach the milk receptacle.

9. Measure then transfer collected milk to another container. Clean

the receptacle and the suction implement thoroughly with soap and

water to avoid bacterial contamination.

32
 4.1.2. How Milking Machine Works

Modern milking machines are capable of milking cows quickly and

efficiently, without injuring the udder, if they are properly installed,

maintained in excellent operating conditions, and used properly. The

milking machine performs two basic functions. First, it opens the streak

canal using a partial vacuum, allowing the milk to flow out of the teat

cistern through a line to a receiving container. Second, it massages the

teat, which prevents congestion of blood and lymph in the teat.

DA-QES tends number of livestock animal, merely cattle, for

distribution to local farmers and for dairy products production. They

follow a feed formulation with 18% crude protein in making their own

supplemental feed. This is important because during fattening stage, a

supplemental concentrate that would give the animal high protein and

energy should be provided for muscular development and to hasten

fattening. The practitioners learned and experienced mixing feed for

cattle under assistance of livestock banner field staff. The process of feed

formulation for 200 kg feed is first demonstrated to the trainees, showing

the right amount of each ingredient to be added.

After demonstration on the mixing procedure, the practitioners

tried doing it themselves. They gathered all the ingredients according to

33
the amount required to formulate a 200kg feed. After all the ingredients

were prepared, the feed mixing machine was turned on and one by one,

the ingredients were put on the mixing chamber of the machine from its

opening at the top.

4.2 Feed formulation (100 kg Feed):

Ground corn 27 kg
Rice Bran D1 42 kg
Soybean meal 26 kg
Di-calcium phosphate 1.0 kg
Vitamin-mineral premix 0.2 kg
Salt 1 kg
Molasses 2.8 kg
Total 100 kg

4.3 The Feed Mixing Machine

The feed mixing machine was hopped-up by an electric powered

engine acting as its prime mover. The machine has a spinning ribbon

mixing thread located horizontally at the middle part of its mixing

chamber. When power got activated, the thread continuously turns and

mix the ingredients thoroughly. After the feed ingredients are thoroughly

mixed, the exhaust part for the mixed feed was opened. It was located at

the bottom part of the mixing machine and attached unto it was a sack

serving as container for the mixed feed coming out the mixing chamber.

Mr. Balbalin demonstrated the proper way of putting ingredients inside

34
the feed mixer.

GSO (General Service Office)

Engr. Gerleonalyn Hombrebueno and Sir Ronald Cabacungan

taught the trainees in the design of structures especially on Agricultural

Structures and cost estimation. The practitioners also undergone

examination based on the lessons they discussed.

Rice Program
Rice is the most important staple food in Asia. More than 90% of

the world’s rice is grown and consumed in Asia, where 60% of the world’s

population lives. Rice accounts for between 35-60% of the caloric intake

of three billion Asians (Guyer et al., 1998). Over 150 million hectares of

rice are planted annually, covering about 10% of the world’s arable land.

In 1992/2000, this amounted to some 600 million tonnes of rice seed

equal to 386 million tonnes of milled rice. With the world population

estimated to increase from 6.2 billion in the year 2000 to about 8.2

billion in the year 2030, the global rice demand will rise to about 765

million tonnes, or 533 million tonnes of milled rice (FAO 2002). For

almost three decades since the Green Revolution, the rice yield growth

rate was approximately 2.5% per year. During the 1990s, however, this

has decreased to only 1.1% (Riveros and Figures, 2000).

Mr. Mark Louis C. Tega Jr. discussed the following:

How to Grow Hybrid Rice

35
Seed Selection

1. Use of recommended variety – use variety of hybrid rice that has been

found promising in the area of the same season.

Seed Management

Seed preparation:

 Re-heat the seed at least 2 hours before soaking.

 Soak seeds for 24 hours in clean water and change water

every six hours.

 Incubate for 24 hours in shaded place or until a radicle

emerge.

Land Preparation

2. No high and low soil areas after final levelling.

Crop Establishment

3. Practice synchronous planting. Synchronous planting minimizes the

overlapping incidence of insect pests and disease population. The field

should have a fallow period of at least 30 days after harvest. The area

should be planted within 14 days before and after the majority of the

irrigation service area has been planted.

4. Sufficient number of healthy seedlings.

Nutrient Management

36
5. Sufficient nutrients at tilling to early panicle initiation and flowering.

Water Management

6. Avoid excessive water that could affect the growth and yield of the

crop.

Pest Management

7. No significant yield loss due to pests and vegetative stage.

 Use varieties resistant to pests and diseases prevalent in the

community.

 Maintain cleanliness in the rice field.

 Practice synchronous planting.

 Conserve beneficial organisms.

 Use pesticides only when needed.

 Conduct regular monitoring.

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) – Avoid wounding seedlings during

transplanting; Maintain shallow water in seedbed; Avoid excessive N

fertilizer; apply in split; Provide good drainage for severe flooding; Plow

under rice stubble and straw after harvest; Observe fallow period; and

plant resistant variety.

Rice “Tungro” Virus – There is no need to spray when still at the seedbed/

seedling stage; plants that are more than 60 days old; no tungro if no

leaf hopper. Do not plant rice in the affected field for at least a month to

37
eliminate hosts of GLH and tungro virus.

Golden Apple Snail (GAS) – Handpick GAS by using attractants (leaves of

gabi, banana, papaya, and even old newspaper).

Rodents – to effectively manage rats, community-wide baiting is

recommended.

Harvest and Postharvest Management

8. Cut and thresh the crop at the right time.

ADC (Agribusiness Development Center)

Agribusiness development center is a government institution

rendering services to farmers and fisherfolk, agribusiness entrepreneurs

and investors for them to have access to local and international market

information, local price monitoring of basic commodities, training

services, as well as business opportunities and direct links with various

stakeholders.

Ms. Gladys Pascua discussed the following:

7.1 Food Safety

Food safety is about handling, storing, and preparing food to

prevent infection and helps to make sure that the food keeps enough

nutrients for consumers to have a healthy diet.

38
Contamination – the introduction or occurrence of a contaminant in food

or food environment.

Sources of food contamination are raw materials/ingredients,

water, air/dust, soil, garbage & sewage, rodents, insects, animals &

birds, packaging materials and food handlers.

7.2 Food Safety Hazard

Biological, Chemical or Physical agent in food, or condition of food,

with the potential to cause on adverse health effect.

Types of Food Hazards

Biological Hazards- occur when hazardous or pathogenic organisms

are introduced to food and thus pose a food safety concern to

consumers. Ex. Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Fungi

Chemical Hazards – occur when chemicals are present in foods at

levels that can be hazardous to humans.

Categories of Chemical Hazards

 Mycotoxin- food susceptible to mycotoxins are corn,

nuts, seeds, cereals, tea, coffee, milk, cheese, rye and

seeds.

 Natural toxin- lectins. Glycoalkaloids are the natural

toxins produced by nightshade plants.

 Marine toxin

39
  Environmental toxin- lead, mercury, cadmium.

 Food additive- food coloring, preservatives

 Processing-induced chemicals- acrylamide, urethane

 Pesticides and agricultural products

 Intentionally added chemical hazards- nitrates and

nitrites, food colorants

 Veterinary Drugs

 Naturally derived chemical hazards- aflatoxin, seafood

toxins

Physical Hazards- material that is foreign to a particular food which

can usually be non-toxic but associated with unsanitary conditions of

production, processing, handling, storage and distribution. Ex. Hair, dirt,

metal staples, broken glass.

7.3 Food Processing

Food processing is the transformation of raw ingredients, by

physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms. Food

processing combines raw food ingredients to produce marketable food

products that can be easily prepared and served by the consumer.

7.4 Quirino Experiment Station Product Development.

40
 Moringa Ice Cream. Moringa is rich in antioxidants and Omega 3

fatty acids which reduce inflammation, contribute to healthy cell

production regeneration. They help your skin retain its suppleness,

helping to prevent lines and wrinkles while also boosting your immune

system.

Ube Ice Cream. Our food ranking system also showed yams to be a

strong performer in terms of traditional nutrients. This root vegetable

qualified as an excellent source of vitamin A (I the form of beta-carotene),

a very good source of vitamin C and manganese, and a good source of

copper, dietary fiber, vitamin B6, potassium and iron.

Banana Ice Cream. Bananas are good for your heart. They are

packed with potassium, a mineral electrolyte that keeps electricity

flowing throughout your body, which is required to keep your heart

beating. Bananas' high potassium and low sodium content may also help

protect your cardiovascular system against highblood pressure.

Dragon Fruit Ice Cream. High in Nutrients. Dragon fruit is low in

calories but packed with essential vitamins and minerals. May Help Fight

Chronic Disease. Loaded with Fiber. Promotes a Healthy Gut and

Strengthens Your Immune System.

Mushroom Patties. Mushroom contains some valuable nutrients

good for our health, higher in Ribloflavin (B 2), Folate (B9), Thiamine (B1),

Panthatonic Acid (B5), and Niacin (B3). B vitamins helps on our red blood

41
cells, the fiber potassium and vitamin C content in mushrooms all

contribute to cardiovascular health. The vitamin D in mushroom has

also been show to inhibit the growth of cancer cells considering the fact

that Region 02 is richly abundant in agricultural waste that serves as

substrate for the production, coupled with the right temperature are the

great factors that Cagayan Valley is highly suitable in mushroom

production especially Oyster and Straw mushroom.

After the discussion, the practitioners went to food laboratory and

processed the Moringa Ice Cream.

Research and Development Program

8.1 Project Proposal

Engr. Maye Vrenali Yangat discussed the process of making a

project proposal. She mentioned that in making a proposal, there are lots

to consider like citing a problem regarding agriculture, and how to

address this problem thinking that the solution is feasible.

After the discussion the trainees are divided into groups and

tasked to make a project proposal, and present it afterwards. The group

where the trainee is involved came up with a title Design, Fabrication,

and Performance Evaluation of Cassava Harvester in Quirino Province.

The objectives are to increase the field capacity of harvesting cassava in

hectare per hour, and to minimize the breakage of harvested cassava.

42
 NARRATION OF THE ACTIVITIES AT DA-CVRC

Briefing and Orientation

QSU Field Practice Coordinator Engr. Israel Erana accompanied

the practitioners during their first day in the DA-CVRC. On the same

day, Engr. Samuel D. Barut, Jr. OJT Coordinator of the station also

welcomed them and gave them briefs on the established rules and ways

within the station.

Corn Program
2.1 Open Pollinated Corn Seed

Mr. Robert Atalin discussed the OPV (Open Pollinated Varieties) of

corn seed.

2.1.1 How to develop OPV

1. Germ Plasm Collection- comes from inbred, from different seed

companies.

Characteristics:

a. Uniform plant in height, and ear height

b. Resistant to pest and diseases

c. Good has cover

43
2. Population Development- 60 best entries is required to form

population improvement.

3. Population Improvement

4. Variety formation

5. Preliminary Yield Trial

6. On farm Yield Trial

7. National Cooperative Test

8. Commercial Release NSIC

2.1.2 Classification of Seed

a. Breeder Seed

b. Foundation Seed

c. Registered Seed

d. Certified Seed

2.1.3 Different Parts of Corn Plant

 Tassel- tassel is the male portion of the flower. It sits at the stop of

the plant and attracts bees and other insects.

 Stalk- corn stalks are the main body of the plant. Depending on

44
 the variety, the stalk can grow several feet high and is quite sturdy.

The stalk is fairly stable because it must support the ears of corn.

 Leaves- leaves can be long and typically grow up slightly before

curving in a downward position.

 Silk- the silk is part of the female portion of the plant’s flower. It

grows out of the top of the cornhusk and may be colored green,

yellow or brown, depending upon the corn variety. (The number of

silks is equal to the number its kernel.)

 Husk- the husk is the green leaves surrounding the corn ears.

These leaves protect the kernels of the corn, which is the edible

portion of the plant.

 Ear- corn ears encompass the silk, husk, kernels and cob of the

plant. Harvesting the ears occurs when the plants mature.

 Roots- corn plants have two different sections of roots. The poop

roots grow just on top of the soil while the crown roots are beneath

the soil.

2.2 Production and Breeding

Tools in breeding:

Ace clipper, glassine bag, tassle bag

Process of breeding

45
1. Before silking, put the glassine bag on ear to avoid contamination.

2. Pollinate it to a silk which has a 2-5 cm long. 9:00 to 3:00 pm is the

pollination time.

3. In putting the tassle bag it should be around 3:00 to 5:00 pm

4. Collect the tassle bag the next day.

2.3 Crop Post-Harvest and Processing

Mr. Oliver Masina taught them about cultural management of

corn. For soil requirement, it is friable and with high moistre content.

Post-harvest Activities: Shelling, drying, seed sorting and packaging.

3. Project/Business Development
3.1 Business Proposal

Ms. Jehanel Soriano taught the practitioners how to create a

business proposal, and the importance of business proposal.

Content of a business proposal:

1. Executive Summary – an overview of the business proposal.

2. Opportunity – this section answers these questions: What are actually

selling and how are you solving a problem or need for your market? Who

is your target market and competition?

46
3. Execution – this section covers your marketing and sales plan,

operations, and your milestones and metrics for success.

4. Financial plan

The practitioners were assigned to plan agri-related business

proposal and present it before their completion day.

Research and Development

4.1 Soil and Water Management

Many of the cultural practices used in crop production have huge

effects on the soil, its structure and its biological life. Improving soil

structure and biological activity while maintaining residue cover will

reduce runoff, erosion, evaporative losses and the related environmental

impacts.

4.2 Irrigation System

After the lecture on Soil and Water Management, Engr. Ace lead

the trainees in visiting the drip irrigation installed in the vegetable

garden of DA-CVRC.

4.3 Organic Agriculture

Mr. Darwin Valdez discussed the following:

Macro pores- upland

47
Micro pores- lowland

Approaches in Soil Science

1. Pedological Approach – natural body, genesis

2. Edhapological Approach – influence of soils

Uses of soil

 Medium for plant growth

- NPK

 System for water purification

 Habitat for soil organisms

 Medium for waste disposal and nutrient cycling

 Medium for engineering works.

4.4 Cost Estimation

Engr. Rodel Carlos discussed the estimation of Concrete, Masonry,

and Roofing.

Masonry

Concrete Hollow Blocks are classified as bearing and non-bearing

blocks. Load bearing are those whose thickness ranges from 15cm. to 20

cm. and are used to carry load aside from its own weight. Non-bearing

48
blocks on the other hand, are blocks which are intended for walls,

partitions, fences or dividers carrying its own weight whose thickness

ranges from 7.5 cm. to 10 cm.

Roofing Materials

Galvanized Iron Sheet is either Plain or Corrugated. The Plain G.I.

Sheet is commonly used for roofing, gutter, flushing, downspout, ridge

roll, valley and hip roll with a standard commercial size of 90 m. wide by

2.40 meters long. The Corrugated G.I. Sheet on the other hand is widely

used for roofing material having standard width of 80 meters with

varying length form 1.50 meters to 3.60 at an interval length of 30

centimeters.

Procedures in estimating the quantity of corrugated G.I. roofing and its

accessories.

1. Determine the length of the purlins along the gutter line.

2. Divide this length by the effective width covering of one sheet which

is .70 m. for 1 ½ corrugations or .60 m for 2 ½ corrugations. The result

is the number of G.I.

3. Determine the length of the rafter or the top chord then select the

right combination of G.I. roofing sheets that will satisfy this length

considering the 30 cm. end lapping joint.

4. Multiply the result found in step 2 by each length of G.I. sheet

49
combination found in step 3.

Cassava Project

Uses of cassava:

For food, feeds, textile, alcohol, medicine, monosodium glutamate,

biodegradable plastic, sweetener, plywood, paper and glue.

Varieties:

Low Cyanic Acid- Golden Yellow, Lakan, Rayong 5, Rajah 1, 3, 4

Moderate Cyanic Acid- KU- 50, Sultan Variety, LSU Variety

High Cyanic Acid- Rayong 72

Harvesting Season

 Stem- 8-10 months

Planting Season

 Stem – 1.5-2.5 cm diameter

 25 cm long, 7-8 nodes

Land Preparation

 20-25 cm depth

 75-100 cm furrow

In the afternoon, Ms. Kimberly Cleto taught us the varieties of snacks that

can be prepared out of cassava as the main ingredient.

50
 GSO (General Service Office)

6.1 Engineering Project and Implementation

Arch. Kimberly Abad discussed the project cost estimation and

others. In his discussion, he mentioned that project cost estimation is

the approximation of the cost of a program, project, or operation. While

the program of works is described as the sequence of activity of the

project so that it can be completed on time.

After the discussion, Ms. Kim told us to submit our own

constructed and drawn dream house with elevations and perspective.

Farm Mechanization

7.1 Tractor Driving

The practitioners experienced the actual operation of 4-wheel

tractor with trailing harrow.

7.2 Small Engine Operation, Parts, Disassembling and Assembling

Engr. Aurelio demonstrated the small engine operation during this

activity. His demonstration included disassembling and assembling of

small engine parts.

Diesel Engine Parts Identification

Parts of Diesel Engine

a. Piston k. Piston Ring

51
 b. Crankshaft l. Low Pressure Fuel Line

c. Connecting Rod m. High Pressure Fuel Line

d. Cylinder n. Fuel Injector Pump

e. Cylinder Block o. Fuel Injector

f. Cylinder Head p. Radiator

g. Push Rod q. Cooling Fin

h. Secondary Fuel Filter r. Fuel Tank Cap

i. Primary Fuel Filter s. Fuel Tank

j. Fly Wheel t. Head Light

Legumes Program

8.1 Peanut, Soybean and Mungbean Seed

Different growth stages of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

Seedling Stage

• Thinning (removal of excess plants)

• Replanting (in areas where there is poor germination)

52
• Safeguard plants from the damage of damping-off (particularly

during rainy season) and bacterial/fusarium wilt

 Spray appropriate insecticides if insect damages are observed

Vegetative Stage

 Cultivation

– off-barring (20-25 days after planting)

– rouging of diseased – plants

 Maintain weed-free production area to avoid pest attack and yield

loss

Flowering Stage

– Plants are about 30-40 days old

– Calcium is needed for pod development. Lack of calcium

causes empty pods (pops).

Pegging Stage

– Moisture during flowering can delay or inhibit flower

formation. After flowering, peg penetration requires adequate

moisture.

Pod Formation- Filling Stage

– The presence of moisture in the podding zone improves Ca

53
 uptake, which is essential for proper pod and seed

development.

– Lack of water in the podding zone results in more pops

(unfilled pods), more one-seeded pods, less mature crop and

a lower Ca content in the seed which in turn affects

germination and seed quality.

Maturation Stage/ Harvesting

 Normally confectionary peanuts are late maturing varieties

(matures from 140-150 days after sowing). Physiologically

matured peanuts show symptom as follows:

 Leaves turns yellow-brown

 Inner shell is darker

 Presence of inner shell veins

 Reticulated shell

 PLANT UPROOTING

In clay soils, uproot plant with the aid of spading fork or

animal-drawn plow to ease uprooting.

 WINDROWING/CURING

Initial drying in the field before pod stripping to bring pods

moisture content to 18-20%.

54
  DRYING OF PODS

This is important if pods will be kept for seed purposes such that

moisture content of 10% and below is reached for longer storage life.

Different Growth Stages of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata)

Seedling Stage

 Thinning (removal of excess plants)

 Replanting (in areas where there is poor germination)

 Safeguard plants from the damage of beanfly (presence of pinholes

and wilting of seedlings) and damping-off (particularly during rainy

season)

 Spray appropriate insecticides if insect damages are observed

Vegetative Stage

 Cultivation

– off-barring (10-15 days after planting)

– hilling-up can be optional depending on the population of

weeds and soil texture (15-25 DAP)

– rouging of diseased – plants

– spraying of appropriate insecticides/fungicides can be done

wherever necessary

55
  Spot weeding

Flowering Stage

– Plants are about 25-35 days old

– Safeguard plants from the infestation of pod borer

– Rouging of diseased-plants

Pod Formation Stage

– Safeguard plants from pod borer

– Rouge plants infected with mosaic virus disease

– Spray foliar fertilizer to increase pod formation if possible

Pod Filling Stage

 Water should not be limited (timely planting is needed)

 Rouging of “off-types” plants

 One-week after pod-filling stage harvesting (priming) can be done

 Priming of matured pods (black pods) can be done every after one

week

 Maximum of 3-4 primings can be applied attained provided that

foliar fertilizer is sprayed at early after priming

56
Plant Protection

Diseases and insect pests affect crop productivity and the quality

of produce (poor pod filling, low shelling recovery, small seed size,

shriveled seed, seed discoloration, seed damage, low germination, etc.)

Recommended plant protection measures against diseases should

be regularly followed during the cropping season.

Peanut- spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar/Tobacco armyworm), hairy

caterpillars, leaf miner, bud borer, tussock caterpillars, aphids, thrips,

leaf hoppers, pod feeders (white grubs), earwig, wireworms.

Mungbeans are susceptible to the usual array of pathogens which attack

other legumes such as white mold, Phytophtora, mildew, bacterial rots,

Rhizoctonia, etc.

Proper rotation, tillage practices, and water management (if under

irrigation) can be effective in reducing the impact of these diseases.

Mungbean- beanfly, cutworm, aphids, armyworm, thrips, stink bag.

Soybean

Insect Pest and Their Control

Soybean plant can be attacked by various species of insect pest.

The injury caused by these pests may be grouped into:

1. Defoliation during the vegetative stage (common cutworm, semilooper,

57
corn earworm, leaf roller, grasshoppers etc.)

2. Blossom destruction (grosshoppers, flower beetles, katydid, bugs and

aphids.)

3. Pod and seed destruction (corn earworm, lycaenid, pod borer, green

stink bug, bean weevil)

8.2 Peanut Breeding

Ms. Vilma Atalin taught the practitioners the process of peanut breeding.

Fruit Trees and Plantation Crops

9.1 Fruit Trees and Plantation Crops Management

Grafting describes any of a number of techniques in which a

section of a stem with leaf buds is inserted into the stock of a tree. The

upper part of the graft (the scion) becomes the top of the plant, the lower

portion (the understock) becomes the root system or part of the trunk.

Budding is a method of grafting in which the scion is a single bud

rather than piece of stem or twig. It is most commonly used method for

fruit tree production in the nursery, but can also be used for top working

plum, cherry, apricots, and peach.

9.2 Nursery Management

A nursery is a place where seedlings are propagated, managed and

grown to plantable size. To ensure a good planting program, good

58
nursery stock is essential. Major causes of seedling mortality on-farm

include the wrong size or poor health of the seedlings at the tie of

planting or poor health of the seedlings at the time of planting. Poor

seedlings are likely to have slower growth, to be less able to complete

with weeds or drought, to be more liable to damage by insects and pests.

Further, in a poor nursery, fewer seedlings will be raised from a given

quantity of seed, and there will be considerable waste of money and time.

After planting, the plants are immediately exposed to a harsh

environment, and are more susceptible to damage from drought, grazing,

fire and insects. Thus, sound nursery practice is the foundation of any

successful (on-farm and/or forestry) planting program scheme.

AE Board Examination Tips

Before informing us about certain tips to pass the board

examination, Engr. Samuel Barut, Jr. asked us to clean and paint the

concrete water tank.

After that, we proceeded in the hall, to which Engr. Sam gave us

tips and shared his inspiring journey to obtain the RPAE title.

59
 VEGETABLE PROJECT

Since Ms. Kim is in-charge in this project, she was the one to

discuss with us the following:

11.1 Package of Technology of Lowland Vegetables

Different lowland vegetables

1. Ampalaya (Bitter Gourd) – an annual plant that is native in this

country. It is botanically known as Momordica Charantia L. It can be

grown anytime of the year for its edible shoots and fruits and offers a

good supply of vitamins and minerals.

2. Okra (Abelmoshus esculentus) - is a flowering plant in the mallow

family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. Also known as gumbo

or ladies’ fingers.

3. Patola (Luffa Gourd) – a genus of tropical and subtropical vines in the

cucumber family.

4. Hot Pepper – a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family.

Solanaceae.

5. Squash – a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family.

6. Upo (Bottle Gourd) – Lagenaria siceraria, is a vine grown for its fruit,

which can be either harvested young to be consumed as vegetable, or

60
harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil.

7. Eggplant – Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit.

Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in various

cuisines.

8. Sitao – a legume cultivated for its edible green pods containing

immature seeds.

9. Tomato – edible, often red, berry of plant Solanum lycopersicum.

11.2 Hydroponics and Aquaponics

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without using soil.

Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture (raising fish) and

hydroponics (the soil-less growing of plants) that grows fish and plants

together in one integrated system.

11.3 Mushroom Production

Edible Mushroom varieties:

 Cremini Mushrooms - a variety of fungus that belongs to the

white button mushroom family.

 Morel Mushrooms – unique in both taste and appearance.

Unfortunately, they are almost impossible to buy, but we

can easily pick or grow them ourselves.

 Shiitake Mushrooms – one of the healthiest and tastiest

61
 edible mushrooms.

 Oyster Mushrooms – big, tasty and full of beneficial

nutrients – king oyster mushrooms are great.

 Lion’s Mane Mushrooms – these are chewy, healthy, and

odd-looking but delicious.

 Enoki Mushrooms – work well in soups or stir-fries and they

make surprisingly good low carb noodles.

 Button Mushrooms – are the most popular type of

mushroom in the world.

Research Proposal Preparation

Dr. R. Baldugo explained the creation of Research Proposal.

We learned, that before doing the research proposal for better outcome,

CPAR or Community-Based Participatory Action Research must be

conducted.

Below is a sample research proposal format.

Basic information

Title of the Project:

1. Proponent (s)

Name/Designation:

62
Project Leader:

CPAR Team:

2.Institution

3.Address

4.Telephone Number (s)

5. Fax Number

6. Email Address

1. Implementing Agency
3.1. Lead Agency:

3.2. Collaborating Agency:

2. Funding Agency:
4Project Duration:

3. Project Location:

4. Total Budget Requested:

Technical description

Rationale

Goal

Objectives
Review of related literature
Methodology
Scheme of Implementation and Repayment
Project Components
Technology interventions

63
Literature cited

CHAPTER IV

KNOWLEDGES ACQUIRED

A. FROM APPLICATION

 Bio-control Management

 Cattle Milking Process

 Project Proposal

64
  OPV Corn Breeding

 Tractor Driving

 Peanut Breeding

 Grafting

 Budding

B. FROM LECTURES

 Organic Corn Production

 How to Grow Hybrid Rice

 Food Safety Hazard

 Food Processing

 Soil and Water Conservation and Management

 Cassava Production

 Vegetable Production

CHAPTER V

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

DA-QES AND DA-CVRC

- The required time frame which for OJT was too short.

- The station has too many activities prepared during the OJT period

which cannot be accommodated in 15 days. Moreover, the staff are

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 very busy on the days when we needed some of their help.

CHAPTER VI

SUMMARY

The on-the-job training took place in two locations,

Department of Agriculture-Quirino Experiment Station located at

Aglipay, Quirino, and Department of Agriculture-Cagayan Valley

Research Center, located at Ilagan City, Isabela from June 11-28, 2019

to July 2-23, 2019.

In the course of one-month OJT experience, we learned many

things from actual experiences and from lectures given. Such lessons

include cattle milk processing, Bio-control Management, feed mixing,

OPV corn breeding, Peanut Breeding, project proposal, tractor driving,

grafting and budding through hands-on trial experiences. With the

patience and kindness of DA staff on both stations, we were able to learn

about irrigation, soil conservation and management, cassava production,

organic farming, food processing, parts and function of diesel engine.

CONCLUSION

An OJT experience is one of those most awaited events in college

life, it brings out excitement sometimes mixed with anxiousness in

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meeting the ‘working world’. The trainee felt just the same the first time

she entered as trainee. As days went by, reality hits down expectations

but even though things went way different from picture. Knowledge and

experiences acquired during this training period were undeniably helpful

and fun, plus the bonus friendships developed with co-ojts. It was a

great and worthy experience that could be hardly forgotten for years.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based from the trainee’s experiences, the following

recommendations were made:

a. OJT should be conducted at one station only.

Though multiple stations are fun, adjustment and flexing of

schedule prepared for OJTs by the stations due to shorter

time frame are not.

b. A simple uniform identifying the students as OJTs should be

provided.

It will be a lot easier for the trainees and for the staff at their

OJT venue if they will be wearing uniform for easy

identification especially at stations with larger number of

employees. The uniform should be simple, comfortable and

appropriate.

c. DA-CVRC is recommended for Agricultural Engineering OJTs

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 From the two stations, DA-CVRC has more background on

having BSAE OJTs. They have more machineries and more

experienced Agricultural Engineers conducting lectures on

BSAE subjects, related to the actual application.

d. The OJT time frame should be maximized. A longer OJT period

provides enough and better valuable work experience and

opportunities for the trainees.

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 APPENDICES

QUIRINO EXPERIMENT STATION

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 Okra seed sorting and seed packaging under HVCDP
(High Value Crop Development Program).

Visitation of QES Poultry House and Farm Machineries Building.

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 On-going construction of Farm
Engr. Gerleonalyn and Sir Ronald
Machinery Building.
accompanied the practitioners in the
visitation of QES Poultry House.

During the discussion with Ma’am

Pascua under AD (Agribusiness
Development Center).

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CAGAYAN VALLEY RESEARCH CENTER

During discussions with Sir Robert

Atalin about Open Pollinated Varieties
of corn seed.

Placing of

the tassel

bag during

3:00- 5:00

pm.

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An opportunity to visit
the Corn Mill Village
Type available in the
station with Sir Oliver.

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During the visitation

in the Seed Cold

Storage of DA-CVRC.

Actual corn seed

sorting. Separating glut

from yellow corn and

removing reject seeds.

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 Engr. Ace accompanied the
trainees during the drip
irrigation visitation. The
drip irrigation is installed
in the vegetable garden of
DA-CVRC Annex.

Weeding at DA-CVRC.

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During their discussion
with Sir Darwin under
Organic Agriculture.

During their
discussion with Engr.
Rodel Carlos about
estimation of
concrete, masonry,
and roofing.

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The practitioners
visited the cassava
plantation with Mr.
Jonathan and at the
same time discussed
the different cassava
varieties.

They experienced
harvesting of cassava
together with the
laborers.

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 During actual
budding and
grafting fruit
seedlings.

During their discussion During their discussion

with Ma’am Tayaban with Ma’am Tayaban
about nursery about nursery
management. management.

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